砷对茶树生长的影响及其在茶树体内的吸收与积累

采用室内水培法,研究3个茶树品种在不同浓度As3 胁迫下的毒害症状和砷胁迫对春梢生长的影响,以及茶树体内各器官对砷的吸收与积累特性。结果表明,当砷胁迫浓度≥1 mg.L-1时,茶树已出现明显的受害症状,砷胁迫对新梢萌发和生长均有显著的负面影响。不同品种耐砷能力有一定差异,福鼎大白茶>名山213>名山131。3个品种对砷的吸收吸附率的大小顺序为:福鼎大白茶>名山213>名山131。各器官中的砷含量随砷处理浓度的增加总体呈大幅升高趋势,并且各器官的砷含量与营养液中的砷胁迫浓度呈显著正相关。砷在茶树体内的分布规律为细根>粗根>主茎>嫩茎>叶片>新梢。当砷胁迫浓度≥1 mg.L-1时,各品种1芽2叶新梢中砷含量>2 mg.kg-1。     

美康寿系列茶的研制

研制出美康寿1、2、3号茶,成品经品质审评、成份检测、安全试验和临床观察,表明该茶保持了茶叶应有风味,不含合成物质、安全可靠、保健效果良好,长期饮用,有利于人体健康。     

主要油茶品种对炭疽病的抗性研究

对来源于中国8省(区)17个油茶品种与炭疽病的抗性关系进行了林间调查,并在室内对其中8个主要油茶品种的果实进行了抗病性研究.结果表明:(1)17个油茶品种在林间自然状态下,对炭疽病的抗病性以攸县油茶、茶梨油茶、徽州小红和徽州大红的抗性较强;舒城大红、浙江红花、罗汉果和软枝油茶抗性中等;其余均为易感病品种.(2)8个不同油茶品种的果皮汁液和果皮培养基所培养的病菌孢子萌发率和菌落生长量也存在着一定的差异.     

茶籽壳中原花青素提取工艺参数的研究

采用超声波辅助提取法进行茶籽壳中原花青素提取工艺参数研究。研究表明,在材料粉碎度80目、提取时间30 min、乙醇浓度60%、提取温度50℃、料液比为1∶6和提取2次时可取得较好的效果。     

脂溶性茶绿色素制取工艺研究

通过对脂溶性茶绿色素的提取工艺、光谱特性、稳定性及化学组成进行研究 ,结果表明 :采用 90 %的含水丙酮 ,1∶10的固液比 ,在 45℃水溶液中提取 10min ,提取效果较好 ;提取出的脂溶性TGP稳定性相对较好 ,且含有茶多酚、氨基酸、咖啡碱、维生素等营养保健成分 ,是一种优良的天然营养保健色素。     

红茶茶黄素类化合物的高效液相色谱-光电二极管阵列检测

用高效相色谱(HPLC)与光电二极管阵列检测器耦联分析了红茶茶黄素类化合物(TF.).分离并检出了茶黄素(TF)、茶黄素-3-没食子酸酯(TF3G)、茶黄素-3′-没食子酸酯(TF3′G)和茶黄素-3,3′-二没食子酸酯(TF3,3′DG)4种茶黄素类化合物.并讨论了茶黄素类和茶红素类(TR_5)分光光度测定的适宜波长等问题.     

硅铝配施对川西蒙山茶叶品质的影响

土壤中的铝元素对茶树的生长发育具有特殊的生物学效应,而硅则是许多植物生长发育的有益元素。采用二次饱和D-最优试验设计研究硅铝配施对茶叶品质的影响,结果表明,当铝肥施用浓度为1.34 g.kg-1和硅肥施用浓度为0.10 g.kg-1时,茶叶中茶多酚和咖啡碱含量交互效应最高,平均含量分别为25.50%和3.18%;当铝肥施用浓度为1.34 g.kg-1和硅肥施用浓度为0.40 g.kg-1时,茶叶中氨基酸和可溶性糖含量交互效应最高,达到理论最高值,平均含量分别为2.46%和2.79%。     

四川3个特色茶树品种芽叶性状及光合特性分析

为明确峨眉问春、川茶2号、紫嫣等3个四川特色品种的光合性能和生产潜力,本研究以常绿品种福鼎大白茶和紫化品种紫娟为对照,考察了3个品种春夏梢叶片的光合指标、叶绿素荧光、光合色素含量以及芽叶性状。结果表明,川茶2号的春、夏季的叶片净光合速率（P_n）和水分利用率（WUE）较高;其ΦPSⅡ原初光能转化效率（F_v/F_m）和潜在活性（F_v/F₀）最高,光化学猝灭系数（qP）、光系统ΦPSⅡ能量分配中光化学反应的相对份额（P）和反应中心耗散的相对份额（E_X）及类胡萝卜素含量较高。峨眉问春的春季P_n和WUE最高;但夏季P_n较低,其ΦPSⅡ原初光能转化效率（F_v/F_m）和潜在活性（F_v/F₀）最低,光合电子传递速率（ΦPSⅡ有效光化学效率F_v'/F_m'及ΦPSⅡ实际光合能力PhiPS2）最慢。紫嫣的春、夏季ΦPSⅡ有效光化学效率（F_v'/F_m'）最高,P_n及光合色素含量较高。与春季相比,各品种的夏季蒸腾速率（T_r）和气孔限制值（L_s）升高,而WUE和胞间二氧化碳浓度（C_i）降低。产量方面,川茶2号的产量显著高于其他品种,峨眉问春的产量与福鼎大白茶的差异不显著,紫嫣则显著低于福鼎大白茶（P<0.05）。可见,川茶2号的光合效率和水分利用效率较高,其产量最高;峨眉问春的春季光合能力和水分利用率较高,但夏季较低,其产量较高;紫嫣的光合色素及光合能力较高,但产量较低。     

"一带一路"倡议对中国茶叶出口的影响——基于渐进双重差分模型的实证分析

“一带一路”倡议是促进中国茶叶出口的重大机遇,但是现有研究缺乏对其实际效果的系统评估。基于2009—2018年中国与40个主要茶叶进口国家和地区的面板数据,运用渐进双重差分模型评估了“一带一路”倡议对中国茶叶出口增长的政策影响。结果表明,在控制其他影响变量的条件下,“一带一路”倡议对于中国茶叶整体出口额增长具有一定的正向影响;进一步的产品异质性分析表明,“一带一路”倡议显著促进了中国绿茶出口的增长,但对红茶出口的作用尚不显著。此外,在控制变量中,国家和地区的人均GDP以及经济开放水平的提高也能够显著促进中国茶叶出口增长。最后对我国茶叶出口贸易如何把握“一带一路”政策机遇提出了对策建议。     

Sustainable green tea production through agroecological management and land conversion practices for restoring soil health,crop productivity and economic efficiency: Evidence from Northern Vietnam

Tea is a very important cash crop in Vietnam as it provides crucial income and employment for farmers in poor rural areas. Unfortunately, the dominance of long-term, conventional tea cultivation has caused severe soil health degradation and environmental pollution. At the same time, as tea production may provide a better net income compared with other annual crops such as rice and vegetables, farmers have been converting parts of their allocated land to cultivate tea plants. Little is known about the benefit of agroecological management as an alternative to conventional tea management practices, and thus, there is a need to understand how it can improve tea yields, quality and the livelihoods of the farmers. Conducted in Northern Vietnam from 2019 to 2022, this study examined the impacts of agroecological tea management practices on soil health indicators, tea yield and quality, and net income of tea farmers. We showed that agroecological management practices significantly enhanced soil organic matter by 0.8% and soil pH by 0.5 units on average. Conversely, conventional management based on chemical fertilizer applications, significantly increased soil total nitrogen by 0.15%–0.2%. No significant differences were observed between soil texture and other soil chemical characteristics. Soil biological parameters were also significantly higher in agroecological tea soil and root samples than in conventional tea plots. Average AMF frequency and intensity of the agroecological tea roots were 98% and 37%, respectively, compared with 73% and 15% of the conventional tea roots. Likewise, soil macrofauna and mesofauna abundance in the agroecological tea plantations was 76 individuals/m² and 101 individuals/100 g fresh soil on average, respectively, while that of conventional tea farms were 34 and 63 individuals/100 g fresh soil, respectively. Interestingly, a comparison between the converted and nonconverted lands did not show any significant effect of the conversion on soil physicochemical and biological characteristics, apart from tea root AMF colonization. Conventional tea management consistently resulted in higher tea yield and yield components, even though the differences were not always statistically significant. Despite lower tea yields, agroecological tea adopters earned around USD 8400 ha/year more than the farmers still practicing conventional management. This study shows that it is economically and environmentally more sustainable to produce organic tea than conventional tea, and our results should encourage more farmers to adopt such agroecological practices in Northern Vietnam.