北部冬麦区冬小麦区试品种（系）的稳定性和适应性分析

为客观准确地评价区域试验中北部冬麦区冬小麦新品种（系）的丰产性和稳产性,以2014-2015年度国家北部冬麦区水地组冬小麦品种（系）区域试验产量数据为资料,应用AMMI模型对小区产量的基因型、环境和基因型与环境（G×E）互作进行了研究。结果表明,稳定性最好的为农大3486、京农12-79,较好的有科遗4174、长6794、中麦93,较差的为航麦109、晋太102、众信7198;试点以天津武清、山西榆次、新疆阿拉尔、河北遵化、山西屯玉分辨力较高,河北固安、河北滦县、北京顺义、北京昌平分辨力较低。在对区域试验中品种（系）稳定性和试点的分辨力进行判定时,综合使用双标图和稳定性参数两种方法,既直观又准确。     

施硅量对甬优系列籼粳交超级稻产量及相关形态生理性状的影响

以籼粳交超级稻甬优12和甬优15为试材,比较研究了不同硅肥施用量(0、75、150、225、300 kg hm^-2)对甬优籼粳交超级稻产量及其形态生理特征的影响。结果表明: (1)甬优12和甬优15产量均随硅肥施用量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,且均以硅肥用量225 kg hm^-2处理的产量最高。产量构成因素穗数随硅肥施用量增加而递增,结实率和千粒重则随之递减。(2)甬优12和甬优15在拔节、抽穗和成熟期的茎蘖数均随硅肥施用量的增加而增加,茎蘖成穗率则呈先增加后降低的趋势,以225 kg hm^-2处理最高。(3)与对照(0 kg hm^-2)相比,施硅处理显著增加了拔节、抽穗和成熟期的干物重和叶面积指数,拔节至抽穗期、抽穗至成熟期的干物质积累量和光合势也随硅肥施用量增加而递增。(4)随硅肥施用量的增加,倒一、倒二、倒三叶的叶长和叶宽随之递增,倒一、倒二、倒三叶的叶基角和披垂度随之递减。此外,与对照(0 kg hm^-2)相比,施硅处理显著提高了茎、鞘干重及单位节间干重。文章还讨论了甬优籼粳交超级稻硅肥高效施用技术。     

普通小麦川农16与圆锥小麦杂交后代分析

对小麦川农16与圆锥小麦地方品种杂交后代进行了分析。结果表明,杂种F_1均含有35条染色体,减数分裂时出现多种配对形式,染色体组成上存在差异。F_1植株株高和小穗数普遍介于双亲之间,穗长表现出了超亲优势,穗粒数不同组合间存在差异,同时F_1正常结实。F_2代表现出较大分离,单株间差异较大,同时育性发生分离。采用优异品种回交可以有效控制远缘杂种后代分离。     

对作物区域试验中参试品种产量统计方法问题的探讨

品种区域试验是作物品种评价、布局和推广的依据。在国家谷子品种区域试验中,由于试点间地力或管理水平不同,各试点的产量水平差别很大,往往存在一点或少数试点产量水平明显高于或低于其他试点,这些试点的产量数据在汇总时占的份额过高,导致这些试点结果对整体试验结果影响过大,甚至基本可以决定整体试验结果的情况。因而,如何使试验结果比较客观、准确地反映参试品种的实际产量水平,一直是制约区域试验工作和品种审定工作的难题。针对这一问题,作者在多年从事国家谷子品种区域试验的实践中,总结出用各承试点的理论产量代替实际产量进行汇总,即将各承试点对照的产量进行平均,然后,以这一数据为基础,依据参试品种在各承试点较对照增减产的比例,计算它们在相应试点的理论产量,将各承试点的产量调整到同一水平,剔除地力等因素对产量的影响。经验证,该方法统计的参试品种较对照增减产比例与各试点增减产比例的平均数基本一致,基本反映了参试品种的实际产量水平。取得了较好的效果,对区试资料的汇总工作具有较大参考意义。     

利用分子标记数据逐步聚类取样构建甘蔗杂交品种核心种质库

甘蔗杂交品种是商业品种选育的重要亲本资源,为了有效管理和评价这类资源,本研究使用SSR分子标记数据,依据不同相似性系数,采用逐步UPGMA聚类法对161份甘蔗杂交品种(136份来自前期构建的初级核心种质库和25份为新引入国家甘蔗种质资源圃的材料)构建核心种质库,以随机取样方法为对照。在核心种质库质量检测中,用Nei’s多样性指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、总条带数、多态性条带数、多态性条带比例、变异系数符合率、极差符合率、方差差异百分率和均值差异百分率评价分析。结果表明,161份材料在20个SSR位点上具有丰富的多态性,获得294个条带,其中290个为多态性条带,平均多态性条带比例达98.64%;依据3种相似性系数(Jaccard、SM、Dice)和2种取样方法获得8个核心种质库,在核心种质库质量检测中Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、总条带数、多态性条带数表现出较高的检测效率,而其他指标相对较低,8个库中依据Jaccard或Dice相似性系数构建的核心种质库质量最优,该库由107份材料组成,Nei’s多样性指数(0.9785)和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(4.1854)在P<0.05概率条件下与原库(分别为0.9801和4.4074)无显著差异,而且与原库的均值差异百分率为0 (<20.00%),极差符合率为94.32% (>80.00%),对原库分子和农艺性状遗传多样性都具有较好的代表性,可为后续甘蔗杂交品种资源的准确评价、优异基因发掘和开发利用提供重要的前期基础。     

广西荔枝精细化农业气候区划与应用研究

摘要：本文在研究广西荔枝生产现状和生态适宜性基础上,密切结合广西荔枝生产实际,筛选出广西荔枝精细化农业气候区划指标,运用广西90个气象站点1971-2000年的气候资料和台站地理信息,1：25 万地形数据, 建立了区划指标的空间分析模,按1 km ×1 km细网格对区划指标进行了小网格推算,采用GIS技术和打分法,在精细化农业气候区划系统平台上,将广西荔枝进行了精细化农业气候区划,分为最适宜区、适宜区、次适宜区和不适宜区四大区域,在此基础上,对照广西荔枝生产现状,进行了农业生产上科学布局与生产结构调整的对策措施研究,旨在为农业生产提供科学依据。     

A Study on Human Settlement Environment from View Point of Regional Culture

Culture is a basic element in human settlement environment.In this paper,considering the characters of progress in China's urban development in different stages,the urban culture is studied in respect of the age and space,then the connotation and development of regional culture are discussed.Through comparing the growth of Chongqing and Hong Kong cities,this paper presents a new idea for the study on Chinese urban development of modern times from the view point of regional culture.     

城市功能区视角下的都市农区研究

为了科学规划城市农用地,有必要确立都市农区概念,研究都市农区的基本内涵、空间特征和地域类型。都市农区是指由城市空间内农用地构成的城市功能区,一般仅限于市辖区。相对理想化的都市农区的空间尺度大体上为200 hm²,宜以呈小集中大分散的空间形态融入城市功能组团。都市农区有城市化地区、准城市化地区、半城市化地区、浅城市化地区和城市生态敏感区5种地域类型。依据都市农区区位特征、资源禀赋与功能需求的差异性,合理配置依托城市、服务城市的多功能农业,是形成城乡经济社会发展一体化新格局对城市规划提出的重要新课题。     

Differential Cl−/Salt Tolerance and NaCl‐Induced Alternations of Tissue and Cellular Ion Fluxes in Glycine max,Glycine soja and their Hybrid Seedlings

The salt‐sensitive Glycine max N23674 cultivar, the salt‐born Glycine soja BB52 population, and their hybrid 4076 strain (F₅) selected for salt tolerance generation by generation were used as the experimental materials in this study. First, the effects of NaCl stress on seed germination, tissue damage, and time‐course ionic absorption and transportation were compared. When qualitatively compared with seed germination appearance in culture dishes, and tissue damages on roots or leaves of seedlings, or quantitatively compared with the relative salt injury rate, the inhibition on N23674 was all the most remarkable. After the exposure of 140 mm NaCl for 1 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 2 days and 4 days, the content of Cl^? gradually increased in the roots and leaves of seedlings of BB52, 4076 and 23674. Interestingly, the extents of the Cl^? rise in roots of the three experimental soybean materials were BB52 > 4076 > N23674, whereas those in leaves were just on the contrary. Secondly, by using the scanning ion‐selective electrode technique (SIET), fluxes of Na⁺ and Cl^? in roots and protoplasts isolated from roots and leaves were also investigated among the three experimental soybean materials. After 140 mm NaCl stress for 2, 4 and 6 days, and when compared with N23674, slighter net Cl^? influxes were observed in root tissue and protoplasts of roots and leaves of BB52 and 4076 seedlings, especially at the cellular protoplast level. The results indicate that with regard to the ionic effect of NaCl stress, Cl^? was the main determinant salt ion for salt tolerance in G. soja, G. max and their hybrid, and the difference in their Cl^?/salt tolerance is mainly attributed to the capacity of Cl^? restriction to the plant above‐ground parts such as leaves.     

The Effectiveness of HA-GGE Biplot Application in Analyzing the Data from the National Cotton Cultivar Regional Trial in the Yangtze River Valley

A large number of regional crop trials have demonstrated the ubiquitous existence of genotype × environment interactions (G×E), which make it complicated to select superior cultivars and identify the ideal testing sites. The GGE (genotype main effect plus genotype × environment interaction) biplot is the most powerful statistical and graphical displaying tool available for regional crop trial dataset analysis. The objective of the present study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of the biplot in evaluating the high and stable yields of candidate cultivars simultaneously, and in delineating the most adaptive planting region, analyzing trial location discrimination ability and representativeness, and identifying the ideal cultivar and trial locations. The lint cotton yield dataset with nine experimental genotypes and 17 test locations (three replicates in each) was collected from the national cotton regional trial in the Yangtze River Valley (YaRV) in 2012. The results showed that: (1) the effects of genotype (G), environment (E), and genotype × environment interaction (G×E) were significant (P < 0.01) for lint cotton yield. Differences among environments accounted for 78.7% of the treatment total variation in the sum of squares, whereas the genotype main effect accounted for 8.7%, and the genotype × environment interaction accounted for 12.6%. (2) The “ideal cultivar” and “ideal location” view of the HA-GGE biplot identified Zhongcj408 (G2) and Nannon12 (G9) as the best ideal genotypes; Cixi in Zhejiang Province and Jiangling in Hubei Province were the most ideal locations.(3) The “which-won-where” view of the biplot outlined the adaptive planting region for each experimental cultivar. (4) The “similarity among locations” view clustered the trial locations into four groups, among of which the two outlier locations, Shehong (SH) and Chengdu (QBJ), located in Shichuan Basin in the upper reaches of YaRV, were clustered in one group, whereas the Nanyang (NY) of Henan Province at the northern edge of YaRV was singled out as a sole group. Such location clustering results implied an apparent association with the geographical environment.