羊痘研究概况

羊痘病毒基因组庞大,约有150 kb,包括中间编码区和两端相同的反向末端重复序列;绵羊痘病毒和山羊痘病毒基因组彼此十分相似,约有96%的核苷酸完全相同.p32蛋白是目前世界各地分离鉴定的所有羊痘病毒株共有的且特异性很强的结构蛋白,在诊断和预防方面具有重要的应用价值.虽然羊疸从临床症状和宿主特异性上很客易做出诊断,但进一步的实验室确诊还是必要的,现已有多种检测方法和诊断试剂.控制该病最有效的方法是使用疫苗对易感动物进行免疫接种.文章从病原学、诊断和预防控制等方面对羊痘进行综述.     

Leukocyte counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from normal and Maedi–Visna‐infected sheep

Background: Bronchoalveolar lavage has proven helpful for the diagnosis of certain ovine diseases of the lungs. There is insufficient data concerning the leukocyte profile of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from MaediVisna infected sheep. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the differential leukocyte profile of BALF associated with Maedi virus infection in sheep and to determine whether cytologic examination of BALF is an effective way to diagnose Maedi or determine the severity of lung lesions. Methods: BALF and serum samples were analyzed from 400 sheep. Sediment smears of bronchoalveolar lavage were stained with Diff‐Quik and examined microscopically to obtain a 200‐cell differential cell count. Serum was tested using a commercial kit for Maedi–Visna virus antibodies. Lung samples obtained at the time of slaughter were weighed and examined histologically. Results: Maedi‐infected sheep (n=267; seropositive with lung lesions) had a significantly higher percentage of lymphocytes and lower percentage of macrophages in BALF than normal sheep (n=133; seronegative and no lung lesions). These differences were significantly more severe in animals with advanced vs moderate lung lesions. Using classification trees, a cut‐off of 13.5% lymphocytes was predictive of Maedi infection and a cut‐off of 24.5% lymphocytes was predictive of advanced lung lesions. Conclusions: Cytologic examination of BALF is useful for the clinical diagnosis of Maedi in sheep and provides important information about the severity of the lung lesions.     

牛分枝杆菌Mb1230基因的表达纯化及其活性评价

为了探究牛分枝杆菌Mb1230蛋白在牛结核病诊断中的应用价值,本试验利用PCR方法扩增出Mb1230基因,构建重组质粒pET-22b-Mb1230,经IPTG诱导表达后用亲和层析纯化重组蛋白,通过结核菌素皮内变态反应试验(TST试验)、IFN-γ释放试验(IGRA试验)和间接ELISA对重组蛋白的活性进行评价。SDS-PAGE和Western blotting结果显示,重组蛋白大小与理论值相符,且能与鼠抗His的抗体反应有特异性条带;在TST试验、IGRA试验和间接ELISA中也表现出抗原活性。结果表明,重组Mb1230蛋白具有良好的B细胞活性和T细胞活性,在牛结核病诊断中具有应用潜力。     

乌拉盖牧场草原畜牧业生产系统诊断

本文运用系统工程的理论和方法，对国营乌拉盖牧场的自然环境和社会环境条件进行辩识与分析，找出资源的优势与劣势，以及各种社会经济条件及其组合的影响程度和作用方式。运用诊断模型对畜牧业生产现状进行系统诊断，找出19个病因，从中发现制约该场草原畜牧业生产的终极原因、解决办法和起动因子。通过会诊和检测，运用数学的方法再现科学技术与政策对一个地区或企业的极端重要性，揭示了资本的输入对贫困落后的地区或企业所能起到的重要作用和影响程度。     

THE FIRST TWENTY-ONE YEARS OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC ULTRASOUND

The veterinary literature of 1966–1986 was searched for articles and books related to the use of diagnostic ultrasound in animals. There were 492 references, categorized as follows: general, 30; small animal applications, 169; large animal applications, 248; blood pressure measurement, 23; ultrasound-guided biopsy, 4; miscellaneous, 18.     

基因工程在动物医药学中的应用与研究进展

本文阐述了基因工程在动物医药学中的最新应用研究，重点介绍了基因工程药物、基因工程抗体、基因治疗技术、基因诊断技术等几大生物医药技术的研究和应用，在预防和临床医学上以及对传统医药学都产生了深刻的变革，具有广阔的应用前景。     

一起自然保护区岩羊皮肤病的诊断

对自然保护区3只患皮肤病岩羊进行临床检查、病原分离鉴定、血细胞常规测定和病理解剖学观察,确诊为岩羊患疥螨病致死。     

36个燕麦品种不同部位养分分布格局

分析了天祝高寒草甸区36种不同饲用燕麦(Avena sativa)叶片、籽粒和茎秆中的水分、灰分、粗蛋白、可溶性糖、粗脂肪、磷、钙、粗纤维、中性纤维和酸性纤维含量的分布特征。结果显示:36个燕麦品种叶片中水分、灰分、粗蛋白、可溶性糖和钙含量显著高于籽粒和茎秆(P0.05),平均值分别为6.36%、9.28%、19.82%、13.71%和0.25%;籽粒中粗脂肪和磷含量显著高于叶片和茎秆(P0.05),平均值分别为:4.48%和0.25%;茎秆中粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量显著高于叶片和种子(P0.05),平均值分别为35.62%、65.18%和56.40%。总之,36种燕麦不同部位的营养价值高低依次为叶片籽粒茎秆。     

国内雏鸭病毒性肝炎的研究进展

本文就国内雏鸭病毒性肝炎的病原特性、疾病诊断和防制等做一简要综述并提出了该病今后的研究方向。