石河子绿洲农业生态经济系统结构与功能分析

从石河子绿洲农业生态经济系统的水土资源、农业种群、产业结构方面以及物质流、能量流、价值流功能进行综合分析,对于建立良好的生态结构及充分发挥农业生态系统功能提出对策.     

石河子市土地利用结构评价

对石河子市土地利用结构进行了评价。结果表明,石河子市正处于经济发展的加速阶段,城市化进程还在加快,土地利用结构也处于不断变化之中。同时分析了石河子市土地利用结构存在的问题。     

西藏一江两河地区农牧复合生态系统结构分析

利用实地调查,文献分析的研究方法,分析西藏一江两河地区种植业结构和畜牧业结构.结果表明:种植业结构已由粮经二元结构变为粮经饲三元结构;畜牧业结构变化幅度不大;该区农牧复合系统内"粮食作物以谷物占绝对比重,经济作物以油菜为主,均表现出明显的单一性;畜种结构单一,为牛、羊占绝对比重的草食型畜群结构".结构调整建议为:降低粮食作物特别是麦类作物的播种面积,增加经济作物尤其是蔬菜和水果及饲料作物的播种面积,使粮经饲比达到50:20:30;引草入田,推广粮草轮作制度;增加猪及禽类的饲养量,逐步建立耗粮型与草食型相结合的畜种结构的建议.     

Modeling waterbird diversity in irrigation ponds of Taoyuan, Taiwan using an artificial neural network approach

The study develops an approach adopted by artificial neural networks (ANN) to model the relationship between pondscape and waterbird diversity. Study areas with thousands of irrigation ponds are unique geographic features from the original functions of irrigation converted to waterbird refuges. The model considers pond shape and size, neighboring farmlands, and constructed areas in calculating parameters pertaining to the interactive influences on avian diversity, among them the Shannon–Wiener diversity index. Results indicate that irrigation ponds adjacent to farmland benefited waterbird diversity. On the other hand, urban development leads to the reduction of pond numbers, which reduces waterbird diversity. By running the ANN model, the resulting index shows a good-fit prediction of bird diversity against pond size, shape, neighboring farmlands, and neighboring developed areas with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.72, in contrast to the results from a linear regression model (r < 0.28).     

资源型城市产业结构演变的环境效应研究——以鞍山市为例

产业结构是经济活动与生态环境相互作用的重要纽带,资源型城市产业结构演变的环境影响具有独特的研究价值。选取典型资源型城市-鞍山市为案例,从演变的视角,研究产业结构与环境质量的动态变化特征,并利用典型相关分析的方法探讨二者的相互作用。研究表明,第二产业为主体、黑色金属冶炼及压延工业为主导以及国有制为主要运行环境是鞍山市产业结构的主要特征;鞍山市大多数环境污染物排放量的波动下降趋势明显,但仍维持在较高水平上;产业结构演变的环境效应显著,不同类型的产业对不同污染物的环境影响不同。     

论网络媒介QQ在高校心理工作中的应用

本文主要讨论了如何构建校、(院)系、班三级心理工作QQ群、心理老师QQ咨询热线交互并存的心理工作网络体系,分析了如何利用QQ的各项功能开展学生心理日常工作和心理咨询服务等,以更大程度地提升学生心理健康水平。     

中国南方水乡乡村聚落空间结构研究综述

为了解水乡乡村聚落空间研究进展,运用文献统计分析和内容分析法,总结1915—2021年中国南方水乡乡村聚落空间结构特征、演变过程及影响因素的研究进展.结果表明:区域层面主要基于地理学、景观生态学和城乡规划学进行定量研究,村域层面主要基于建筑学、城乡规划学和风景园林学进行定性研究;不同时期的研究存在内容差异和方法差异,不...     

Impact on soil physical properties of using large-grain legumes for catch crop cultivation under different tillage conditions

In Central Europe, various plant species including large-grain legumes and their mixtures are grown as catch crops, particularly between grains harvested early and subsequent summer crops. This article investigates the question of how soil structure in the topsoil is influenced when catch cropping with large-grain legumes (experimental factor A: without catch crop, with catch crop) under different ploughless tillage conditions during catch crop seeding (experimental factor B: deep tillage/25–30 cm, shallow tillage/8–10 cm). Five one-year trials were performed using standard machinery at various sites in Germany. Soil core samples extracted from the topsoil in the spring after catch crop cultivation served to identify air capacity, saturated hydraulic conductivity and precompression stress. The above-ground and below-ground biomass yields of the catch crops were also determined at most of the sites. In addition, the soil compaction risk for the working steps in the experiments was calculated using the REPRO model.The dry matter yield of the catch crops varied considerably between the individual trial sites and years. In particular, high levels of dry matter were able to form in the case of early seeding and a sufficient supply of precipitation. The soil structure was only rarely affected positively by catch crop cultivation, and catch crops did not contribute in the short term to loosening already compacted topsoils. In contrast, mechanical soil stresses caused by driving over the ground and additional working steps used in cultivating catch crops often led to lower air capacity in these treatments. This is consistent with the soil compaction risks calculated using the REPRO model, which were higher in the treatments with catch cropping. Catch crop cultivation also only resulted in improved mechanical stability at one location. The positive effect of deep ploughless tillage on air capacity and saturated hydraulic conductivity, however, became more clearly evident regardless of catch crop cultivation. In order for catch crop cultivation with large-grain legumes to be able to have a favourable impact on soil structure, it is therefore important that cultivating them does not result in any new soil compaction. In the conditions evaluated, deep tillage was more effective at loosening compacted topsoil than growing catch crops.     

基于全生命周期的汽车绿色回收体系研究

在对比分析国内外报废汽车回收利用的基础上,指出当前我国报废汽车回收中存在的不足;阐述了绿色回收的定义,进一步分析汽车的生命周期及其各阶段产生的回收源和流向,并构建了汽车全生命周期绿色回收体系结构模型;最后,提出我国今后促进报废汽车绿色回收发展应采取的策略．     

网络环境下图书馆工作的创新

本文结合华北煤炭医学院图书馆的工作创新实践，论述了在网络环境下图书馆工作如何进行创新。