马尾松毛虫对几种杀虫剂的毒力基线

对马尾松毛虫对溴氰菊酯和敌百虫等 2种杀虫剂的敏感毒力基线进行了研究。结果表明 :敌百虫和溴氰菊酯对马尾松毛虫的致死中量LD50 分别为 0 2 1 81 μg·g-1和 1 2 4 61× 1 0 -4μg·g-1,其b值分别为 4 8和 4 9。由于b值远大于 1 ,说明供试马尾松毛虫种群对这 2种药剂的异质性小 ,敏感性好 ,测得结果可作为相对敏感毒力基线。表 1参 7     

山东省主要玉米杂交种种质基础评述

对1985年－1999年山东省主要玉米杂种和自交系遗传组成进行了综合分析。山东省的玉米杂交种和亲本自交系的利用趋向集中，其中鲁玉2号、丹玉13号、掖单13号、烟单14号、掖单12号、沈单7号等7个杂交种利用占67.32%，黄早4、M017、107、478、E28、340、8112等7个自交系利用占72.04%。亲本自交系的来源也趋向集中，主要是塘四平头系统、Reid系统，玉米种质基础狭窄。本文对新品种选育和种质创新进行了讨论。     

猕猴桃溃疡病防治研究

对猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病防治方法进行研究,结果表明,冬末春初“划道”控制,病斑,夏委彻底刮除治疗病斑,疗效达80％－90％,DTMz等为此病防治的首选药物。     

日本落叶松和长白落叶松无性系嫁接林分经济效益预测

1987年4月—7月,在同等立地条件下,对日本落叶松和长白落叶松无性系嫁接林分及未经嫁接的一般长白落叶松和日本落叶松林分生长情况进行对比调查,通过对这三种林分达到工艺成熟时(做坑木)的投入与产出进行预测分析。结果表明:嫁接林分达到工艺成熟时(做坑木),同未经嫁接的长白落叶松、日本落叶松相比。不仅可以提高单位面积木材产量和土地利用率,缩短轮伐期,还能解决日本落叶松种源不足问题,具有较大的经济效益。     

Relationships of climate change and tree ring of Betula ermanii tree line forest in Changbai Mountain

Based on the tree-ring growth characteristics of Erman＇s birch （Betula ermanii charm.） and the relationships between it and climatic ）＇actors at elevation of 1950m, the sensitivity of tree lines in Changbai Mountain to climatic factors was assessed. The results indicated tree line forest in Changbai Mountain had an obvious sensitivity to climate factors. However, difference from other study sits is that the main climatic control factor on tree-ring growth was not current growth season temperatures, as might be expected, but previous winter and current March temperature. Although the precipitation in the region was quite abundant, the tree-ring growth was still significantly correlated with the precipitation during previous winter and current spring. Additionally, climatic factors which influenced the Erman＇s birch growth were not the yearly variables, but seasonal and monthly variables. Therefore, the reported increase in yearly mean temperature and total yearly precipitation since 1980s was not responded by sustained increase in ring widths in recent decades.     

近红外光谱分析技术应用于植物叶片研究综述

近红外光谱技术（Near Infrared Spectroscopy,NIRS）作为 20 世纪 80 年代后期迅速发展起来 的一项检测技术,已被广泛应用于许多植物的各个组织和各种成分的分析。文章综述了该技术在植物叶 片研究上的应用进展,包括基于叶片特征的植物种类鉴别、植物叶片病虫害诊断、育种材料选择、叶片 内含物质含量测定等 4 个方面,并对近红外光谱检测技术的应用于植物叶片研究前景进行了展望。     

四种算法用于近红外测定制浆材材性的对比研究

采集了常见制浆材(桉木、相思木及杨木)样品的近红外光谱,测定了样品的基本密度、综纤维素、木质素和苯醇抽出物含量,用人为控制水分的方法测定了样品的水分含量。对原始光谱进行预处理后,分别运用偏最小二乘法(PLS)、LASSO算法、支持向量机法(SVR)和人工神经网络法(BP-ANN)建立基本密度、水分含量、综纤维素、木质素和苯醇抽出物含量的预测模型。对预测模型进行独立验证,结果显示:LASSO算法建立的基本密度和综纤维素模型性能最优,其预测均方根误差(RMSEP)分别为0.006 3 g/cm~3和0.49%,绝对偏差(AD)范围分别为-0.008 8~0.009 6 g/cm~3和-0.85%~0.87%;PLS建立的水分含量模型及苯醇抽出物模型最优,RMSEP值分别为1.21%和0.24%,AD范围分别为-1.99%~2.03%和-0.35%~0.38%;SVR建立的木质素模型最优,RMSEP值为0.43%,AD范围为-0.76%~0.74%,均满足制浆造纸工业中对误差的要求。     

A data transfer method for improving seed identification of maize (Zea mays) haploid breeding based on genetic similarity

Maize haploid breeding technology is able to identify haploid seeds non‐destructively, rapidly and at low cost with the help of Near‐infrared (NIR) spectral analysis. However, due to the hybridization of numerous parents and the low production rate of haploid, the haploid data collection becomes a burden for engineering this technology. Biologically, there are considerable similarities between the progeny of the same female parent and different male parents. Based on this advantage, similar spectral data can be transferred when the NIR technology is employed. A revised method of Transfer adaptive boost (TrAdaBoost) is proposed to improve identifying for the backpropagation neural network (BPNN) classifier. To avoid the negative transfer, a screening thresh is used to select out similar data, and the amount of these data are limited to join current training. The results show that the identification performances are improved significantly when the data amount is small. This method shows a high ability to make the seed identification more convenient for engineering maize haploid breeding.     

通过分子标记辅助选择将耐储藏主效QTL qSS-9~(Kas)转入宁粳4号提高其种子贮藏能力

利用置换系SL36作为qSS-9位点上Kasalath等位基因的供体亲本,各方面农艺性状较好的宁粳4号作为轮回亲本,通过回交和自交,并使用4个与qSS-9紧密连锁的分子标记Y-10、Y-11、Y-14、Y-13进行基因型的检测筛选,对宁粳4号进行耐贮性的遗传改良,获得了既耐贮藏、大多农艺性状又接近于宁粳4号的较为稳定的优良新品系,克服了宁粳4号耐贮藏性差的弱点。获得的新品系种子在人工老化和自然老化条件下均表现出发芽率明显提高、丙二醛含量显著降低、TTC染色效果更明显,表明转入耐储藏主效QTL Qss-9~(Kas)的宁粳4号新品系耐贮性显著提高。     

玉米o2、o16和wx基因不同组合类型近等基因系品质分析

为评价o2、o16和wx基因不同组合类型近等基因系的品质,以玉米o2、o16和wx基因不同组合类型近等基因系BC 6 F 4家系及其轮回亲本为试材,利用近红外分析仪和氨基酸全自动分析仪对籽粒油分、淀粉、蛋白质和氨基酸含量进行分析。结果表明,与轮回亲本CML 539相比,o2o16wx-NIL、o2o16-NIL、o2wx-NIL和o2-NIL籽粒油分含量分别提高了11.37%、8.86%、17.53%和11.95%。o2wx-NIL和o2-NIL籽粒淀粉含量分别降低了0.71%和1.00%。o16wx-NIL和wx-NIL蛋白质含量分别提高了9.91%和10.22%,o2wx-NIL、o16wx-NIL和o16-NIL蛋白质含量分别降低了6.03%、6.05%和5.87%。o2o16wx-NIL,o2o16-NIL,o2wx-NIL,o16wx-NIL,o2-NIL、wx-NIL和o16-NIL氨基酸含量均发生不同程度变化,其中,Lys分别增加了111.22%、109.53%、91.22%、34.40%、79.93%、29.69%和70.11%。可见,o2、o16和wx基因不同组合类型近等基因系是品质基因遗传研究和育种应用的重要材料。