Effect of the Pietrain breed used as terminal boar on Post-weaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS) in the offspring in four PMWS-affected farms

The aim of this study was to determine the potential risk factors for PMWS at the individual pig level and assess the effect of the Pietrain paternal genetic background of the animals in a cohort study. The survey was set up in four PMWS-affected farms with 2 repetitions (batches) per farm. A representative sample of 60 pigs per batch, stratified according to the paternal genetic background (Pietrain: yes vs. no), was randomly selected after farrowing. The representative cohort was divided into 8 batches and the pigs were individually monitored from birth to slaughter. Survival analysis was used to determine the factors related to the time to PMWS. The litter-cluster effect was taken into account using the marginal Cox model (robust estimation of the covariance matrix) and the gamma shared frailty model which were compared.No protective effect of the Pietrain breed on the time to PMWS and the proportion of affected pigs in the offspring was found in this study. Piglets showing low circovirus type 2 (PCV2) titres at 7 weeks-old with no subsequent seroconversion and piglets from PCV2 negative sows were most likely to be affected by PMWS (HR=7.0 and 2.8, respectively). Active infection of the pregnant dams with parvovirus was related to an increased risk of PMWS in the offspring (HR=2.3). Neck injuries due to poorly performed injections in the dams were associated with an increased risk of PMWS with the marginal model (HR=2.1). Oxytocin injection (dams) during farrowing was protective against PMWS in the offspring (HR=0.6).     

胶合板剪切强度试件的力学分析

通过对胶合板剪切强度试件的力学分析,表明试验机的夹头应采取上下可移动、左右固定法。在测试时,应注意取样方法,试验用水、加荷速度、计算公式和试验的判定。     

胡麻异质型ACCase亚基基因的克隆与表达分析

为研究胡麻异质型乙酰辅酶A羧化酶BCCP、BC、α-CT和β-CT四个亚基基因的生物学功能,采用基因克隆、生物信息学和RT-PCR技术分别对胡麻accA、accB、accC和accD 4个基因进行分析。结果发现陇亚10号accA基因编码α-CT亚基,CDS序列全长为2364 bp,编码787个氨基酸;accB基因编码BCCP亚基,CDS序列全长为1173 bp,编码275个氨基酸;accC基因编码BC亚基,CDS序列全长为1574 bp,编码527个氨基酸;accD基因编码β-CT亚基,CDS序列全长为1137 bp,编码378个氨基酸,且4个基因编码的蛋白都是脂肪酸系数较高的亲水性蛋白。RT-PCR结果表明,胡麻accA、accB、accC和accD 4个基因在3个胡麻品种(高含油量的张亚2号、中含油量的陇亚10号和低含油量的R2-17)的不同时期不同组织的表达模式不同,accA、accB、accC和accD四个基因在R2-17、陇亚10号和张亚2号3个胡麻品种所有时期的不同组织中均有表达,但在种子中的表达量均明显高于其他组织,尤其在种子发育10~25 d油脂快速积累时期,4个基因的表达量都迅速增加并达到最高峰。研究表明异质型乙酰辅酶A羧化酶基因可能调控胡麻种子发育前期油脂的合成积累。     

Relating tradable credits for biodiversity to sustainability criteria in a dynamic landscape

Tradable biodiversity credit systems provide flexible means to resolve conflicts between development and conservation land-use options for habitats occupied by threatened or endangered species. We describe an approach to incorporate the influence of habitat fragmentation into the conservation value of tradable credits. Habitat fragmentation decreases gene flow, increases rates of genetic drift and inbreeding, and increases probabilities of patch extinction. Importantly, tradable credit systems will change the level of fragmentation over time for small and/or declining populations. We apply landscape equivalency analysis (LEA), a generalizable, landscape-scale accounting system that assigns conservation value to habitat patches based on patch contributions to abundance and genetic variance at landscape scales. By evaluating habitat trades using two models that vary the relationship between dispersal behaviors and landscape patterns, we show that LEA provides a novel method for limiting access to habitat at the landscape-scale, recognizing that the appropriate amount of migration needed to supplement patch recruitment and to offset drift and inbreeding will vary as landscape pattern changes over time. We also found that decisions based on probabilities of persistence alone would ignore changes in migration, genetic drift, and patch extinction that result from habitat trades. The general principle of LEA is that habitat patches traded should make at least equivalent contributions to rates of recruitment and migration estimated at a landscape scale. Traditional approaches for assessing the “take” and “jeopardy” standards under the Endangered Species Act based on changes in abundance and probability of persistence may be inadequate to prevent trades that increase fragmentation.     

荷斯坦牛血浆抗缪勒氏管激素浓度的影响因素分析及遗传参数估计

为探究荷斯坦牛血浆抗缪勒氏管激素(anti-Müllerian hormone,AMH)浓度的群体特征和影响因素,并初步估计其遗传参数,本研究采集了北京地区某规模化牛场398头健康泌乳母牛共625份血样,采用ELISA酶免法测定血浆AMH浓度,利用SAS 9.2软件的MIXED过程建立模型,分析血浆AMH浓度的影响因素...     

新疆昌吉32个紫花苜蓿品种的田间抗病性评价北大核心CSCD

为筛选出适宜当地条件的高产抗病品种,连续2年2次调查了2018年建植于新疆昌吉市呼图壁县的32个紫花苜蓿品种上各种病害的发病率和病情指数,并测定了各品种次年的越冬率和5次刈割期的草产量,评价了不同品种的抗病性,采用灰色关联度法分析了各品种的综合特性。结果表明,试验地发生了苜蓿茎点霉叶斑与黑茎病、白粉病、黄斑病、匍柄霉叶斑病和尾孢叶斑病5种病害,且以前3种为主,前3种病害的发病率最高分别达到了97.08%、100.00%及57.14%。供试品种仅有茎点霉叶斑与黑茎病的病情指数存在显著差异(P<0.05),表现为旱地与WL343HQ的病情指数显著高于皇冠、WL168HQ与阿迪娜等品种,而其他病害品种间未表现出差异(P>0.05)。根据抗性级别的频率分布,对于苜蓿茎点霉叶斑与黑茎病,53.13%的苜蓿品种为高抗品种,25.00%的苜蓿品种为抗性品种,12.50%的苜蓿品种为中抗品种,3.13%的苜蓿品种为低抗品种,6.25%的苜蓿品种为感病品种;对于苜蓿白粉病,32个品种的抗性分布频率为抗性品种占3.13%,中抗品种占25.00%,低抗品种占15.63%,感病品种占56.25%,无高抗品种;供试品种对苜蓿黄斑病抗性分布频率为高抗品种29个,占90.63%,抗性品种占9.38%,无中抗、低抗及感病品种。32个品种的5次草产量总和为22.48~29.52 t·hm^(-2),其中,5茬总产量最高的苜蓿品种为龙威3010,总产量最低的苜蓿品种为陇东苜蓿。供试的所有品种未出现明显冻害,越冬良好,越冬率均在80%以上,其中有22个品种大于90%。综合特性较好的5个品种为皇冠、WL363HQ、中苜3号、敖汉苜蓿和旱地(综合得分0.850~0.942),较差的品种为耐盐之星、WL343HQ、冲击波、雷霆与陇东苜蓿(综合得分0.650~0.721)。     

陕西苹果产业SWOT分析及发展策略

在分析陕西苹果产业的优势、劣势、机会、挑战的基础上,提出扩张发展型、竞争型、防御型、保守型4种战略方案。     

近47年来京津冀地区降水的变化

利用线性回归、突变分析和小波分析方法,分析了京津冀地区1960-2006年84个地面台站降水量的变化。结果表明:47年来京津冀降水量呈下降趋势,气候倾向率为15mm/10a。除夏季外,其余季节降水量均呈增加趋势。由于华北地区夏季降水量集中了全年降水量的60%至70%,所以夏季降水量的显著减少使得年平均降水量呈下降趋势;京津冀地区夏季降水量在1996年代初减少是一突变现象,其他季节降水量无突变现象;京津冀地区年降水量和四季降水量大致存在3个主要周期的变化。     

杨属( Populus)黑杨组(Aigeiros)种(品种)间核型比较

 对杨属黑杨组(Aigeiros) 的15个种(品种) 核型进行了分析, 结果如下: 箭杆杨( Populusnigra var. thevestina) , 2n = 38 = 3M + 29m + 5 sm + 1 st; 盖杨( P. del.cv. ×Lux ×P.×canadensis cv. Shanhaiguanensis) , 2n = 38 = 2M + 27m + 4 sm + 5 st (4SAT) ; 欧美杨107 (P1 ×euram ericana cv. ‘74 /76’) , 2n = 38 = 1M + 29m (1SAT ) + 5 sm + 3 st (3SAT) ; 欧美杨13 ( P. ×euramericana CL 13) , 2n = 38 = 3M + 23m + 6 sm + 3 st (1SAT ) + 3 t (3SAT) ; 加杨( P. ×canadensis Moench) , 2n = 38 = 1M + 27m + 6 sm + 4 st ( 4SAT) ; 辽杨×美洲黑杨(P.maximowiczii Henry ×P.deltoids Bartr. ) , 2n = 38 = 1M + 24m + 9 sm (2SAT ) + 4 st; 中尚8号( P. ×Zhongshangnensis) , 2n = 38 = 4M + 27m (1SAT ) + 2 sm + 3 st (2SAT ) + 2 t; 北京杨( P. ×beijingensis) , 2n = 38 = 3M + 28m + 3 sm + 4 st (2SAT) ; 鲁山杨( P. ×Liaoningensis) , 2n = 38 = 1M + 27m + 3 sm + 6 st (1SAT ) + 1 t (1SAT) ; 廊坊1号( P. CL ‘Langfang 1’) , 2n = 38 = 3M + 28m + 3 sm + 4 st (2SAT) ; 圣山杨(盖杨类) (P. ×gaixianesis) , 2n = 38 = 2M + 27m + 4 sm (1SAT ) + 4 st (3SAT ) + 1 t; 抗- 2 〔P. deltoids CL 2 (GMO) 〕, 2n = 38 = 26m + 7 sm (2SAT ) + 4 st (1SAT ) + 1 t (1SAT) ; 群改3号( P. ×Qungainensis 3) , 2n = 38 = 1M + 27m + 8 st (2SAT ) + 2 t (2SAT) ; 中金2号( P. ×Zhongjinnensis 2) , 2n = 38 = 1M + 18m + 13 sm (1SAT ) + 5 st (2SAT) + 1 t (1SAT) ; 辽宁杨( P. ×eur. cv. San Martino ×P. ×canadensis cv. Shanhaiguanensis) , 2n = 38 = 2M + 26m + 6 sm + 4 st。黑杨各种(品种) 核型均为2B型, 种(品种) 间核型差异主要表现在中部着丝点(M、m) 染色体数目(25～32) 和端部着丝点( st、t) 染色体数目变化(1～6) 上, 核型特征为种(品种) 鉴定提供了一定参考。     

文心兰开花相关OnAP1-like基因的克隆及表达分析

以南茜文心兰（Gower Ramsey）盛花期花葶提取的总RNA为模板,通过RT-PCR与RACE扩增,获得一个958 bp的AP1（APETALA1）-like基因的cDNA全长序列,其基因编码区690 bp,共编码氨基酸229个,命名为OnAP1-like（登录号：KC426946）。蛋白质二级结构分析表明,该蛋白质48.91%为α螺旋,10.92%为β折叠,40.17%为无规则卷曲,为亲水性蛋白质。蛋白序列比对和进化树分析表明,OnAP1-like 蛋白与蕙兰AP1-like蛋白一致性最高,进化距离最近。利用RT-qPCR对从文心兰不同时期不同器官中的OnAP1-like基因表达量进行分析,结果表明,同一器官不同发育时期比较,在叶中,花蕾期的表达量最高;在根中,随发育时间推移,表达量逐渐升高,至花后期达到最高;在花葶中的表达量的趋势与根相同。同一时期不同器官比较,抽葶前,根中表达量高于叶片;花蕾期,花瓣中的表达量最高;盛花期和花后期,花葶中的表达量最高。推测该基因在花的发育及形成中发挥作用。