miR-150调控动物成脂分化研究进展

microRNA在基因表达过程中有着不可忽视的作用,它在动物细胞分化、增殖、凋亡及脂质代谢等多个方面都发挥着非常重要的作用。miR-150已被证实在脂肪细胞发育和脂质代谢等相关生物学过程中起着非常重要的调控作用,但目前大多是在人鼠模型中进行相关机制的探究,本文就miR-150调控动物脂肪生成的研究进展进行综述。     

MicroRNA fingerprints in serum and whole blood of sarcoid‐affected horses as potential non‐invasive diagnostic biomarkers

Serum and whole blood microRNA (miRNA) fingerprints have been proposed as a new class of non‐invasive human cancer biomarkers. In this study, we compared equine sarcoid (ES) disease‐specific serum and whole blood miRNA fingerprints and correlated them to miRNA expression in sarcoid tissue. After high throughput sequencing, miRNA differential expression analysis between six ES‐affected and five control horses was carried out in serum and whole blood using a DESeq algorithm, accounting for the influence of hemolysis and the white blood cell count. Target gene, pathway prediction and enrichment analyses were conducted using TarBase, mirPath and GeneCodis. After exclusion of 4 hemolyzed out of a total of 11 serum samples, 9 miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in serum of ES vs control horses. In whole blood, all 11 samples showed normal white blood cell counts and 19 miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed. A total of 2/9 serum and 7/19 whole blood differentially expressed miRNAs were also highly expressed at the tissue level and their predicted target genes were associated with cancer pathways. Serum and whole blood miRNA expression allowed discrimination between ES and control horses and merits further validation in a larger study cohort. The use of whole blood might be superior because it has higher miRNA content and is less influenced by pre‐analytical variables compared to serum. Concurrent dysregulation of single miRNAs in tissue and blood suggests a possible biological function of circulating miRNAs.     

MicroRNA参与植物发育调控的研究进展

MicroRNA是1类约22nt的小分子RNA，可通过与靶基因转录的mRNA互补配对来调节靶基因的表达，这些靶基因大多为参与动植物发育的转录因子。在植物中已发现microRNA参与了分生组织特征维持、叶极性建立和形态发育、花器官特征决定等多种发育过程。     

新型农业设施群测控系统的应用与研究

介绍了以功能强大的新型单片机C8151F005为核心的农用测控仪表的软硬件组成和设计方法,论述了采用无线收发芯片nRF403实现的基于无线通信技术的农业设施群测控系统的结构特点与设计方法.该测控系统具有层次发散链式结构和主从工作模式.前端测控仪表结构简单,操作方便;群控系统采用无线通信技术,省去了通信线路的铺设过程,缩短了系统建设周期,降低了投资成本;层次发散链式结构的主从工作模式为系统后期改造提供了方便;利用工控机作为主机实现了对nRF403收发器的有效控制和信息的收集处理.     

蜱MicroRNA研究进展

蜱是一类专门寄生于脊椎动物的体表寄生虫,是继蚊子之后的第二大传播媒介。它们传播多种疫病,不仅给畜牧业造成极大的经济损失,而且还引起人类发生疾病甚至死亡。MicroRNA(简称miRNA)是18nt~25nt的非编码小RNA,具有组织特异性和阶段特异性的特点。miRNA作用于靶基因的3′端非翻译区以抑制其表达或者降解mRNA,进而在后转录水平发挥着重要的生物学调控作用,如生长发育和先天性免疫等。有研究显示,miRNA可能调控幼蜱的生长发育,并对蜱虫吸血和血液消化有一定的作用。论文综述了miRNA在蜱体内的研究概况及其生物学功能的研究进展,以期为蜱的研究提供参考。     

Molecular approaches to equine sarcoids

Sarcoids are the most commonly diagnosed skin tumours in equines. Bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs) are the primary causative agent of sarcoids. There has been intensive research to discover the molecular mechanisms that may contribute to the aetiopathogenesis of this disease and tumour suppressors and proto-oncogenes known to play a role in human neoplastic conditions have been investigated in equine sarcoids. Current approaches include the identification of gene expression profiles, characterising sarcoid and normal skin tissues, and an assessment of epigenetic alterations such as microRNA differential expression and DNA methylation status. This review focuses on selected groups of genes that contribute to the molecular mechanisms of sarcoid formation. These genes have the potential to complement current clinical examinations of equine sarcoid disease in diagnosis, prognosis, therapeutic response and screening.     

大黄鱼microRNA荧光定量PCR中内参基因的选择与评价

为筛选适用于大黄鱼miRNA研究的内参基因,选取饥饿试验组(EG)中饥饿21d及正常投喂组(CG,对照)的大黄鱼肌肉组织进行miRNA高通量测序,初步筛选得到稳定表达的6个miRNA:miR-23a-3p,miR-4508,miR-1961,miR-1297,miR-1956-3p和Let-7。采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测这6个miRNA和3个传统的内参基因(U6,5S和18S)在大黄鱼6种组织(肌肉、肝脏、肾、脾、脑和心脏)以及不同饥饿时间段的肌肉组织中的表达,并利用Ge Norm,Best Keeper以及Norm Finder对数据进行分析。结果表明,miRNA的表达稳定性优于传统内参基因。在CG组大黄鱼不同组织中,最稳定单内参基因是miR-23a-3p,最佳内参基因组合为miR-23a-3p和Let-7。在不同饥饿时间的EG组大黄鱼肌肉组织中,最稳定单内参基因是miR-23a-3p,最佳内参基因组合为Let-7和miR-1961。本试验结果为研究大黄鱼miRNA时内参基因的选择提供了参考。     

C型凝集素受体在肿瘤免疫作用中的研究进展

先天免疫是宿主识别病原及消除病原感染的第一道防线。模式识别受体是参与识别病原入侵的主要分子,主要包括Toll样受体、RIG-I样受体、NOD样受体和C型凝集素受体等。模式识别受体在识别病原相关分子模式后,激活机体的先天免疫信号通路,诱导炎症细胞因子和干扰素的产生,从而启动抵抗病原入侵的免疫应答。越来越多的证据表明,免疫应答的激活、维持和终止受到了严格的调节,使机体在保持一定免疫强度的同时避免产生过度的免疫反应。microRNA是一类长度为18~23 nt的微小非编码RNA,是鱼类先天免疫应答网络中的重要调控因子。近年来,microRNA在鱼类免疫学领域已开展了大量的研究,但缺乏对其进行及时地全面性的总结。本文综述了近年来miRNA在鱼类先天免疫反应中的研究进展,以期为鱼类的分子抗病育种及疾病防控研究提供一些思路。