Review of injection techniques targeting the sacroiliac region in horses

Local anaesthetic techniques and diagnostic imaging tools are currently used in conjunction with thorough physical and lameness examinations to diagnose sacroiliac disease (SID) in the horse. The deep and inaccessible location of the sacroiliac joint (SIJ), however, often renders diagnostic imaging modalities, such as radiography, nuclear scintigraphy and ultrasonography, unreliable in identifying sacroiliac problems. The equine clinician therefore often has to rely on positive results of local anaesthetic techniques to confirm a diagnosis of SID. Regional infiltration techniques have been described but result in a diffuse distribution of large volumes of local anaesthetic solution throughout the entire lumbosacroiliac region, which is nonspecific to the SIJ and has the potential to produce false positive results. Several periarticular injection approaches to the SIJ have recently been described. A combination of periarticular SIJ injections with the use of modest amounts of local anaesthetic solution provides increased SIJ specificity, but may lead to false negative results in cases where the pain originates from surrounding soft tissues. This article clarifies terminology related to sacroiliac injections, reviews current injection techniques, highlights the advantages and disadvantages of each approach, and investigates injectate volume considerations.     

互花米草厌氧发酵渣活性炭的制备表征及吸附性能研究

利用废弃物互花米草厌氧发酵渣为原料,以H3PO4为活化剂,于N2保护下,在不同的活化温度（400~700℃）和剂料质量比（0.5~3.0）条件下制备活性炭,以低温液氮（N2/77.4 K）吸附测定活性炭的比表面积、孔容及孔径分布,以FTIR、pHPZC测定分析活性炭表面化学性质;以亚甲基蓝为特征污染物,考察所制备的活性炭成品的吸附能力。结果表明,随着剂料质量比的增大,活性炭孔径分布变宽,中孔所占比例增大;在所考察的活化温度范围内,活性炭N2吸附容量大小与BET比表面积呈现相同的趋势。活化温度为500℃、剂料质量比为2.0条件下所制备的活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能良好,最大吸附容量可达243.90 mg.g-1,符合Langmuir吸附等温模型。亚甲基蓝Langmuir最大吸附容量与活性炭BET比表面积存在一定的线性关系。该活性炭制备方法为互花米草厌氧发酵渣的综合利用找到了新的途径。     

用溴麝香草酚蓝试验测定奶牛乳房炎的报告

应用溴麝香草酚蓝试验测定牛乳pH值的方法,对来自青海省门源县大滩地区农牧户户饲养的500头奶牛进行了奶牛乳房炎的测定;结果检出：奶牛阳性乳汁52份,乳房炎阳性率为10.4％.这说明在该地区的牛群中存在着奶牛乳房炎的感染.     

Evidence of Anti-Proliferative Activities in Blue Mussel (Mytilus edulis) By-Products

Shellfish waste components contain significant levels of high quality protein and are therefore a potential source for biofunctional high-value peptides. The feasibility of applying a pilot scale enzymatic hydrolysis process to whole Mytilus edulis and, by fractionation, recover hydrolysates presenting a biological activity of interest, was evaluated. Fractions were tested on four immortalized cancerous cell lines: A549, BT549, HCT15 and PC3. The 50 kDa fraction, enriched in peptides, presented anti-proliferative activity with all cell lines and results suggest a bioactive molecule synergy within the fraction. At a protein concentration of 44 µg/mL, the 50 kDa fraction induced a mortality of 90% for PC3, 89% for A549, 85% for HCT15 and of 81% for BT549 cell lines. At the low protein concentration of only 11 µg/mL the 50 kDa fraction still entails a cell mortality of 76% for A549 and 87% for PC3 cell lines. The 50 kDa fraction contains 56% of proteins, 3% of lipids and 6% of minerals on a dry weight basis and the lowest levels detected of taurine and methionine and highest levels of threonine, proline and glycine amino acids. The enzymatic hydrolysis process suggests that Mytilus edulis by-products should be viewed as high-valued products with strong potential as anti-proliferative agent and promising active ingredients in functional foods.     

Efficiencies of Chemical Techniques for Rice Grain Freshness Analysis

Two chemical methods which are commonly used for rice grain freshness determination were investigated for their efficiencies.Method 1 is made of bromothymol blue indicator,and the principle is based on indicator’s color which is changed in according to pH of the stored rice grains.Method 2 is based on peroxidase activity which deteriorates during storage of rice grains.Both methods were used for determination of fresh-aged rice index of six Thai-rice cultivars,four from non-waxy rice cultivars (KDML 105,Chai Nat 1,Chai Nat 2 and Phitsanulok 2) and two from waxy rice cultivars (San-pah-tawng and RD6).Rice samples were kept in the forms of paddy and polished rice.Fresh-aged rice indices were determined using both methods every two weeks over the storage period of 24 weeks (six months).It was found that both methods were capable of detecting fresh-aged rice indices.The color of chemical solutions changed with regards to the age of rice grains and it could be detected spectrophotometrically.Rice grains which have been kept as paddy provided more consistent results.Method 1 is recommended for industrial application as it is simple,efficient and inexpensive.     

改性秸秆-Fe3O4复合材料对染料废水中亚甲基蓝的去除研究

利用柠檬酸(CA)对秸秆(RS)进行改性制备改性秸秆(CA-RS),并通过化学沉淀法负载Fe_3O_4以制得柠檬酸改性秸秆-Fe_3O_4(CA-RS-Fe)复合材料,利用FTIR和XPS对CA-RS、CA-RS-Fe进行表征,研究在不同固液比、温度、溶液初始pH和浓度条件下,其对溶液中亚甲基蓝(MB)的吸附去除效果。结果表明:固液比为1.0 g·L~(-1)、pH在3.0～11.0范围内时,CA-RS对MB去除率达95%以上。拟二级动力学模型能较好地拟合CA-RS和CA-RS-Fe对MB的去除过程。Langmuir模型可以描述MB在CA-RS和CA-RS-Fe表面的吸附。FTIR和XPS分析表明CA-RS表面官能团中的羧基在MB吸附过程中发挥重要作用。CA-RS对MB的吸附机理包括静电作用、氢键和π-π作用。Fe_3O_4的引入减少了CA-RS表面羧基的数量,降低了其对MB的吸附能力,但能实现快速固液分离。研究表明,CA-RS可作为去除染料废水中MB的良好吸附剂,CA-RS负铁之后会降低对MB的吸附量,但有利于提升固液分离效果。     

Supplemental blue and red light promote lycopene synthesis in tomato fruits

Lycopene, one of the strongest natural antioxidants known and the main carotene in ripe tomato, is very important for human health. Light is well known to be one of the most important environmental stimuli influencing lycopene biosynthesis; specifically, red light induces higher lycopene content in tomato. However, whether blue light promotes lycopene synthesis remains elusive and exactly how light stimulation promotes lycopene synthesis remains unclear. We applied supplemental blue and red lighting on tomato plants at anthesis to monitor the effect of supplemental blue and red lighting on lycopene synthesis. Our results showed that supplemental blue/red lighting induced higher lycopene content in tomato fruits; furthermore, we found that the expression of key genes in the lycopene synthesis pathway was induced by supplemented blue/red light. The expression of light signaling components, such as red-light receptor phytochromes (PHYs), blue-light receptor cryptochromes (CRYs) and light interaction factors, phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs) and ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) were up- or down-regulated by blue/red lighting. Thus, blue and red light increased lycopene content in tomatoes by inducing light receptors that modulate HY5 and PIFs activation to mediate phytoene synthase 1 (PSY1) gene expression. These results provide a sound theoretical basis for further elucidation of the light regulating mechanism of lycopene synthesis in tomatoes, and for instituting a new generation of technological innovations for the enhancement of lycopene accumulation in crop production.     

LED红蓝组合光谱对水培奶油小白菜生长及品质的影响

在设施水培条件下,以黄金四季奶油小白菜为试验材料,LED灯为人工光源,自然光为对照,研究不同光谱LED植物光灯的红蓝光波段组合对黄金四季奶油小白菜生长参数的影响,为植物工厂水培小白菜提供人工补光数据支撑。试验设定为蓝光(455nm)相对光谱固定不变,红光相对光谱分别为T1(7.53%)、T2(15.40%)、T3(30.28%)条件下的生长速度及品质。结果表明,红光相对光谱为30.28%时试验组小白菜的菜叶长度、株高、蛋白质以及叶绿素含量均显著高于其他处理,30.28%的红光相对光谱可作为水培小白菜的适宜光配合。     

饲粮亚油酸水平对育成期蓝狐生长性能、营养物质消化率及氮代谢的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮亚油酸水平对育成期蓝狐生长性能、营养物质消化率及氮代谢的影响。选取(90±5)日龄、体重相近的健康雄性蓝狐60只,随机分成6组,每组10个重复,每个重复1只蓝狐。6组蓝狐分别饲喂亚油酸水平为0.11%(Ⅰ组)、0.52%(Ⅱ组)、0.92%(Ⅲ组)、1.33%(Ⅳ组)、2.14%(Ⅴ组)和3.36%(Ⅵ组)的试验饲粮。预试期7 d,正试期63 d。结果表明:1)饲粮亚油酸水平极显著影响育成期蓝狐的平均日增重和料重比(P0.01),对干物质采食量无显著影响(P0.05)。随饲粮亚油酸水平由0.92%升高到3.36%,平均日增重逐渐升高,料重比逐渐降低,但上述指标Ⅳ和Ⅴ组间差异不显著(P0.05)。2)饲粮亚油酸水平极显著影响育成期蓝狐的脂肪、碳水化合物及干物质消化率(P0.01),对蛋白质消化率无显著影响(P0.05)。脂肪和碳水化合物消化率均以Ⅵ组最高,干物质消化率以Ⅴ组最高,但上述3个指标在Ⅳ和Ⅴ组间均无显著差异(P0.05)。3)饲粮亚油酸水平显著或极显著影响粪氮、尿氮和蛋白质生物学价值(P0.01或P0.05),对食入氮、氮沉积和净蛋白质利用率无显著影响(P0.05)。粪氮以Ⅵ组最高,与Ⅱ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组差异不显著(P0.05)。尿氮以Ⅱ组最高,与Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组差异不显著(P0.05)。Ⅵ组蛋白质生物学价值最高,显著高于Ⅱ组(P0.05),与其他组差异不显著(P0.05)。从降低环境污染以及保证育成期蓝狐生长性能的角度综合考虑,饲粮亚油酸水平为2.14%较适宜。     

Evaluation of maturity by use of pH indicators in sawdust-based cultures ofLentinula edodes

Colorimetric pH indicators were examined for their use in judging the culture maturity of sawdust-based cultures of shiitake,Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler. Bromophenol blue (BPB) was the preferred indicator for judging culture maturity. Culture pH changes were detected as changes in color from bluish purple to yellow by direct spraying. The pH values of such cultures varied from 6.3 before inoculation to 4.0 during the fruiting stage. Culture maturity assessment can be used to control fruit body flush timing. Measurement of BPB staining inL. edodes sawdustbased cultures showed a good correlation with fruit body yield of the first flush. This method was concluded to be of value for detecting fruiting potential and therefore may be useful for evaluating flush timing forL. edodes cultivators using sawdust-based methods.