Spatiotemporal Distribution of Two Euschistus spp. Stink Bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Southeastern Farmscapes

Stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) are ubiquitous, cryptic, phytophagous pests that are found in many crops. In agroecosystems, individuals disperse from adjacent noncrop hosts and tend to aggregate or cluster within fields. In this study, we characterized the distribution of Euschistus servus (Say) and Euschistus tristigmus (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) over 2 yr at three southeastern United States farmscapes. Stink bugs were captured in pheromone-baited traps, and Spatial Analysis by Distance Indices (SADIE) used to identify the location of significant aggregations by habitat type and season. Euschistus servus adults were more likely to be captured in pecan orchards, cotton, other crops, or unmanaged habitats than in woodland habitats. Significant aggregations of E. servus were detected in a variety of habitats including pecan, corn, cotton, peanut, and tobacco, as well as fallow and hay fields, pastures, and hedgerows. Fewer adult E. tristigmus were captured than E. servus adults, and E. tristigmus adults were typically trapped and aggregated in woodland habitats. The resulting data provide an important understanding regarding the seasonal movement and relative abundance levels of stink bug populations, which are critical to the development of integrated pest management strategies.     

Evidence of Anti-Proliferative Activities in Blue Mussel (Mytilus edulis) By-Products

Shellfish waste components contain significant levels of high quality protein and are therefore a potential source for biofunctional high-value peptides. The feasibility of applying a pilot scale enzymatic hydrolysis process to whole Mytilus edulis and, by fractionation, recover hydrolysates presenting a biological activity of interest, was evaluated. Fractions were tested on four immortalized cancerous cell lines: A549, BT549, HCT15 and PC3. The 50 kDa fraction, enriched in peptides, presented anti-proliferative activity with all cell lines and results suggest a bioactive molecule synergy within the fraction. At a protein concentration of 44 µg/mL, the 50 kDa fraction induced a mortality of 90% for PC3, 89% for A549, 85% for HCT15 and of 81% for BT549 cell lines. At the low protein concentration of only 11 µg/mL the 50 kDa fraction still entails a cell mortality of 76% for A549 and 87% for PC3 cell lines. The 50 kDa fraction contains 56% of proteins, 3% of lipids and 6% of minerals on a dry weight basis and the lowest levels detected of taurine and methionine and highest levels of threonine, proline and glycine amino acids. The enzymatic hydrolysis process suggests that Mytilus edulis by-products should be viewed as high-valued products with strong potential as anti-proliferative agent and promising active ingredients in functional foods.     

Efficiencies of Chemical Techniques for Rice Grain Freshness Analysis

Two chemical methods which are commonly used for rice grain freshness determination were investigated for their efficiencies.Method 1 is made of bromothymol blue indicator,and the principle is based on indicator’s color which is changed in according to pH of the stored rice grains.Method 2 is based on peroxidase activity which deteriorates during storage of rice grains.Both methods were used for determination of fresh-aged rice index of six Thai-rice cultivars,four from non-waxy rice cultivars (KDML 105,Chai Nat 1,Chai Nat 2 and Phitsanulok 2) and two from waxy rice cultivars (San-pah-tawng and RD6).Rice samples were kept in the forms of paddy and polished rice.Fresh-aged rice indices were determined using both methods every two weeks over the storage period of 24 weeks (six months).It was found that both methods were capable of detecting fresh-aged rice indices.The color of chemical solutions changed with regards to the age of rice grains and it could be detected spectrophotometrically.Rice grains which have been kept as paddy provided more consistent results.Method 1 is recommended for industrial application as it is simple,efficient and inexpensive.     

植物中紫外光及蓝光信号转导的研究进展

以拟南芥为例，简要论述了近年来有关紫外光及蓝光信号转导方面的研究进展，其中，着重从ＣＨＳ基因表达的调节、ＵＶ－Ｂ和ＵＶ－Ａ／蓝光光信号转导途径研究及其相互作用等小方面进行介绍。     

一株腐败希瓦氏菌的筛选鉴定及其染料脱色研究

[目的]研究一株腐败希瓦氏菌对染料的脱色效果。[方法]从印染废水中筛选到一株对偶氮染料活性艳红X-3B和蒽醌染料活性艳蓝KN-R均具有高效降解作用的菌株,对其进行了菌种鉴定,并分析了该菌在不同培养条件下对两种染料的脱色效果。[结果]生理生化鉴定和16S r DNA序列鉴定结果表明,该菌为希瓦氏菌属腐败希瓦氏菌,命名为S.putrefaciens 4H。该菌在pH=8、37℃下静置培养时,对两种染料的脱色效果最好。该菌6 h内可将50 mg/L活性艳红X-3B完全降解脱色,在含有活性艳红X-3B的LB平板上可形成水解圈,推测其能产生水解活性艳红X-3B的胞外酶;该菌对50 mg/L活性艳蓝KN-R的脱色率48 h时可达81.84%,且脱色时染料先被细胞吸附沉淀后再随着细胞的生长代谢逐渐降解,其脱色机制还有待研究。[结论]该研究为印染废水的处理提供了理论依据。     

饲粮能量水平对蓝孔雀生产性能及屠宰指标的影响

试验选用200只28日龄蓝孔雀,饲粮能量水平分别为11.29、11.71、12.13、12.55、12.97MJ·kg^-1,蛋白质水平为20%,研究不同能量水平对蓝孔雀生产性能及屠宰指标的影响。结果表明,随着饲粮能量水平的升高,饲粮采食量、体增重和料肉比均降低（P〈0.05）。饲粮能量水平的提高,显著降低了84日龄蓝孔雀相对腿肌重、小肠重量、相对小肠重量,小肠长度及相对小肠长度。综合体重、饲料效率及屠宰指标,11.71MJ·kg^-1是28～84日龄蓝孔雀适宜的饲粮能量水平。     

柚子皮对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能

为探究柚子皮对染料废水的吸附规律及最佳条件,以亚甲基蓝模拟废水,进行了柚皮粉对亚甲基蓝的吸附规律及吸附效果试验。结果表明:在温度30℃,pH 8,震荡时间60min的条件下,0.4g柚皮粉可使100mL浓度为140mg/L亚甲基蓝的去除率达83%以上,30℃下柚子皮理论饱和吸附量为133mg/g。柚子皮吸附亚甲基蓝的过程以物理吸附为主,包括外部液膜扩散、表面吸附和颗粒内部扩散等过程,可以用Langmuir、Temkin等温吸附方程和二级吸附速率方程进行很好的描述。     

活性炭催化臭氧化降解亚甲基蓝实验

研究了活性炭催化臭氧化降解模拟染料废水亚甲基蓝溶液,考察了臭氧化空气流量、pH值、废水初始质量浓度和活性炭用量等因素对处理效果的影响。结果表明：该法可有效去除有机物,废水在低质量浓度、碱性条件下对反应有利;在亚甲基蓝初始质量浓度100mg·L^-1,pH9.5,活性炭9g·L^-1,反应90min条件下,色度去除率达到了95.6%,化学需氧量（COD）去除率达到了64.8%;活性炭催化臭氧化废水以间接氧化为主,活性炭可促进臭氧化过程产生·OH自由基并提高其利用率,相对于单独臭氧化过程,废水COD去除率可显著提高。     

TiO2/AC负载型光催化剂的制备及光催化性能的研究

利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM),对溶胶-凝胶法中不同煅烧温度条件下合成的TiO2/AC负载型光催化剂的表面形貌、分布均匀性、粒径大小及晶型等进行了表征;通过亚甲基蓝溶液光催化降解试验,对TiO2/AC负载型光催化剂的催化性能进行了测试.结果表明,经400℃煅烧制备而成的TiO2/AC负载型光催化剂的表面TiO2纳米粒子分布均匀、无明显的团聚现象,在紫外光灯的照射下对亚甲基蓝的降解率在2 h内可达68.30%,经6次重复使用后其催化降解率仍能达到60%以上,表明该催化剂具有良好、稳定的催化性能和较高的循环利用价值.