亚麻籽胶对面团流变性质的影响及其在面条加工中的应用

该文重点研究了添加亚麻籽胶对面粉的粉质特性、面团的流变性质以及面条品质的影响。粉质特性的结果表明,添加亚麻籽胶使面团的吸水率增加,面团的形成时间和稳定时间延长,弱化度降低,使面团的稳定性更好。动态流变性质和超微结构的显微观察表明,添加亚麻籽胶后,亚麻籽胶的网络结构加固了面筋蛋白的网络结构,因而面团的稳定时间和粘弹性均能提高。质构分析的结果表明,添加亚麻籽胶使面条烹煮后的硬度和咀嚼度提高,并具有较好的弹性和拉伸性能,面条的烹煮损失和面汤浊度降低,因而亚麻籽胶可用于面制品中以改善其食用品质。     

寒旱食用百合种植区地表覆草技术研究

本研究旨在探究寒旱百合种植区地表覆草技术对土壤水热状况、理化性质、百合生长和产量的影响。采用随机区组设计,试验处理为露地（CK）、地表覆草（S）、地膜覆盖（M）,3次重复,共计9个处理。结果表明,百合地表覆草技术可以明显改善土壤水热状况,提高土壤理化性质指标含量,增加百合产量。相对于对照露地处理,表层土壤温度和含水量分别增加了18.86%、16.01%,土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量分别提高了75.61%、18.12%,21.04%、10.41%,株高、茎粗、球横径、球纵径、单球重和产量分别增加了8.26%、22.22%、16.55%、23.47%、32.83%、35.07%。综上所述,在寒旱百合种植区,地表覆草技术是一项重要的田间管理措施。     

南疆果园套种食用菌对土壤理化性状及微生物量的影响

为探明林下套种食用菌对土壤的改良效果,分析比较在3种果树下种植鸡腿菇后,菌渣直接还田,对土壤的物理性状、养分含量及微生物数量的影响:(1)土壤物理性状方面,含水量从大到小依次为枣树>梨树>核桃树,孔隙度从大到小依次为枣树>梨树>核桃树,pH为核桃树>梨树>枣树,电导率为枣树>核桃树>梨树;(2)土壤养分方面,碱解氮含量从大到小依次为梨树>核桃树>枣树,速效磷含量为核桃数>枣树>梨树,速效钾含量为枣树>核桃树>梨树,有机质含量为枣树>梨树>核桃树;(3)土壤微生物方面,含细菌数量从大到小依次为梨树>枣树>核桃树,含放线菌数量为枣树>核桃树>梨树。得出在南疆果园套种鸡腿菇,对果园土壤改良作用从大到小依次为枣树>梨树>核桃树的结论。     

鼠伤寒沙门菌烈性噬菌体的分离鉴定与生物学特性

旨在分离鼠伤寒沙门菌烈性噬菌体,为控制该病原菌感染或污染提供生物制剂.以1株从市售散装牛奶中分离到的多重耐药性鼠伤寒沙门菌为宿主菌,采用人工诱导方法,连续1周每日给3只试验鸡饲喂宿主菌悬液,7 d后,采用双层琼脂平板法从试验鸡粪便中分离培养噬菌体,并对其效价、核酸类型、宿主谱、热稳定性与酸碱耐受性以及对鼠伤寒沙门菌感染...     

子午岭地区自然区域特征及其与土壤侵蚀的关系

在对子午岭地区进行全面考察的基础上,分析研究了子午岭地区区域自然环境的基本特征,指出:子午岭地区地质条件复杂,构造运动强烈、岩性疏松、地貌类型齐全、沟深坡陡、降水丰沛、降雨强度大、冲刷强烈,具备了各科侵蚀过程的发生条件。但由于地面覆盖着良好的植被,侵蚀很轻微。子午岭地区作为黄土高原植被恢复的样板表明,大力恢复黄土高原地区的植被,是黄土高原水土保持的核心和中心任务。     

Effect of soil physical properties on soybean nodulation and N2 fixation at the early growth stage in heavy soil field in Hachirougata Polder,Japan

We studied the effect of the soil physical properties on soybean nodulation and N₂ fixation in the heavy soil of an upland field (UF) and an upland field converted from a paddy field (UCPF) in the Hachirougata polder, Japan. Seeds of the soybean cultivar Ryuho were sown in each field with or without inoculation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum A1017. The soybean plants were sampled at 35 (V3) and 65 (Rl) d after sowing (DAS), and then nodulation and the percentage of N derived from N₂ fixation in the xylem sap were determined. The soil physical properties were different between UF and UCPF, especially the air permeability and soil water regime. Nodule growth was restricted in UCPF irrespective of rhizobial inoculation, though rhizobial infection was not inhibited by the unfavorable soil physical conditions. Soybean plant growth was closely related to the nodule mass and N₂ fixation activity, and the inoculation of a superior rhizobium strain was effective only at 35 DAS. These results indicate that soybean nodulation and N₂ fixation was considerably affected by the physical properties of heavy soil, and that it is important to maintain the N₂ fixation activity and inoculate the soybean plants with a superior rhizobium strain at a later growth stage in order to increase soybean production in heavy soil fields.     

Influence of tillage and crop residue on soil physical properties and yields of rice and wheat under shallow water table conditions

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of tillage and residue incorporation on soil properties and yields of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in rotation for 4 years on a silty clay loam of an Aquic Hapludoll with natural water table fluctuating between 0.05 and 0.97 m depth The rice experiment was laid out in split plot design with four levels of tillage, viz. conventional puddling (CP), puddling by four passes of rotavator (PR), reduced puddling by two passes of rotavator (ReP), and direct seeding without puddling (DSWP) and two levels of residue, viz. residue incorporation (RI) and residue removal (RR) in four replications. The treatments for wheat were zero tillage (ZT) and conventional tillage (CT) with RI and RR superimposed over the plots of rice. Tillage for rice increased puddling index and bulk density (BD) over the years. The increase was significantly higher in CP and PR than in ReP. In wheat season, BD was higher under ZT than under CT but the differences were not significant. Puddling decreased saturated hydraulic conductivity with time, which became significantly lower in CP and PR in the fourth year than in ReP in the first year. Infiltration rate (IR) also decreased with time and was lowest in CP and PR. In wheat season, IR was at par under ZT and CT. Rice yield in PR was maximum and at par with that in ReP. But wheat yield was lowest in PR and highest in DSWP, and was at par in DSWP and ReP. Thus, rice yields were optimum under ReP, in which changes in soil properties were least, and wheat yields were optimum both under ZT and CT in the DSWP and ReP plots of rice under shallow water table conditions of the silty clay loam.     

基于空间模型技术的拟人机械腿的运动学传递性能分析

为了弥补当前拟人机器人结构的不足和改善拟人机械腿的通用性和适应性。该文提出了一种拟人机械腿机构,并研究了该拟人机械腿的运动学传递性能。推导出该拟人机械腿的位置反解及运动传递平衡方程,定义了运动传递性能评价指标及大小腿的全域性能评价指标,在有限的空间图形中,分别研究了各结构参数(各主要杆件的长度及结构角度)与各全域线速度传递性能的评价指标、全域角速度传递性能的评价指标之间的分布规律。研究结果表明,各结构参数的取值越靠近中间值时,全域线速度传递性能的评价指标值较好,随着杆WE、杆ED与杆O1D的增加,全域角速度传递性能的评价指标值越好,随着杆OC、BC、DO1和GH的减小,全域角速度传递性能的评价指标值越好。该研究为此种拟人机械腿的进一步参数优化、轨迹规划及研制提供依据。     

Neural network ensemble residual kriging application for spatial variability of soil properties

High quality, agricultural nutrient distribution maps are necessary for precision management, but depend on initial soil sample analyses and interpolation techniques. To examine the methodologies for and explore the capability of interpolating soil properties based on neural network ensemble residual kriging, a silage field at Hayes, Northern Ireland, UK, was selected for this study with all samples being split into independent training and validation data sets. The training data set, comprised of five soil properties: soil pH, soil available P, soil available K, soil available Mg and soil available S,was modeled for spatial variability using 1) neural network ensemble residual kriging, 2) neural network ensemble and 3) kriging with their accuracies being estimated by means of the validation data sets. Ordinary kriging of the residuals provided accurate local estimates, while final estimates were produced as a sum of the artificial neural network (ANN) ensemble estimates and the ordinary kriging estimates of the residuals. Compared to kriging and neural network ensemble,the neural network ensemble residual kriging achieved better or similar accuracy for predicting and estimating contour maps. Thus, the results demonstrated that ANN ensemble residual kriging was an efficient alternative to the conventional geo-statistical models that were usually used for interpolation of a data set in the soil science area.