地球空间信息技术在林业上的应用研究

介绍了GPS的发展历史及现状,重点讨论了手持式GPS、GPSRTK、后处理GPS三类GPS接收机的特点和它们在林业上的应用范围及使用方法,阐明手持式GPS和后差分GPS系统将是林业上应用最多的GPS系统,并讨论了GPS与GIS的集成应用和GPS在林业上应用的限制因素。     

Research on Accounting Recognition and Measurement of Forest Ecological Assets

Current accounting standards and systems do not include the accounting of forest ecological assets.With the increasing attention that people pay to forest ecological issues and the needs for accounting information disclosure,its value accounting has become a forefront issue and hot topic in the accounting profession.The profound issues about its particularities,accounting recognition and measurements are to be solved. Based on the analysis of the features of forest ecological assets and its impacts on accounting recognition and measurement,this paper proposes that accounting recognition should be based on the appraisal and a fair value model is suggested for initial and further measurement of forest ecological assets.For the fair value measurement, the appraisal techniques of non-market values should be given more consideration.And its value appraisal methods should refer to the existing mature ecological economic or environmental economic appraisal methods.     

内蒙古兴安盟基于激光测距的作物冠层高度研究现状

内蒙古兴安盟作为一个农业大区,作物观测是农业生产中必不可缺少的一环.而作物冠层高度是作物生长中观测的重要参数,掌握作物冠层高度的变化可以实时了解作物的发育进展和长势情况,对分析作物生长状态、开展作物产量预测、指导农事活动、保障粮食安全具有重要意义.本文主要介绍内蒙古自治区兴安盟现有作物冠层高度研究现状,尤其是基于激光测...     

Research on Measurement and Report of Environmental Accounting

In this paper, the problems of bringing natural resources and environmental condition into accounting are discussed and lay emphasis on object measurement, imaging and disclosure in accounting report of environmental accounting. The author suggests that the environmental accounting is the necessary production of global economy for sustainable development in modern society; it is also a new ecological accounting subject formed by the result of environmental economies and accounting penetrating into each other. As a contribution of accounting circles to sustainable development, environmental accounting has become a hot topic in recent years.     

Analysis on the Claims Caused by the Defect of Contract

The engineering contract is composed of many documents between client and contractor, such as agreement, notification of award, tender and appendix to bid, conditions for particular application, instruction to bidders, technical specifications, design drawings and bill of quantities etc. Because of the limited time and money to prepare these documents, the defect is unavoidable. The defects include omittance, equivocalness, conflict and mistake. These defects often lead to claims.     

Maturity assessment at harvest and prediction of softening in a late maturing nectarine cultivar after cold storage

The absorption coefficient μ_a measured at 670 nm in fruit pulp at harvest by time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy (TRS) has been shown to be a good maturity index for early nectarine cultivars. By including individual fruit maturity as a biological shift factor (BSF) into a kinetic model for softening it is possible to select fruit with different shelf-life potential. The BSF approach combined with TRS measurement and kinetic modeling of firmness was applied to a late maturing nectarine cultivar (‘Morsiani 90’), ripened at 20 °C after harvest or after storage at 0 °C and 4 °C, the latter conditions inducing chilling injury. At harvest the absorption coefficient μ_a had low values and low variability, indicating advanced maturity, while firmness was similar to that of early cultivars. The softening model took into account these differences, showing parameters similar to those of the early cultivars with the exception of the softening rate which was 2-6 times lower, indicating a slower softening in ‘Morsiani 90’ fruit. Decay of μ_a at 20 °C was also slower. Softening continued during storage at 4 °C, but not at 0 °C. After storage at 0 °C softening was resumed similarly to non-stored fruit, but with much variability. Fruit stored at 4 °C, which showed chilling injury, had a softening rate at 20 °C significantly higher than that of 0 °C fruit. It is suggested that the same changes in cell wall metabolism which induce the appearance of chilling injury also affect firmness and increase softening rate.     

脂肪酸值仪法测定稻米脂肪酸值研究

本研究建立了稻米中脂肪酸值的脂肪酸值仪测定方法。该方法适用于在室温下以无水乙醇提取稻谷、糙米、大米中游离脂肪酸,用标准氢氧化钾滴定液滴定,进行脂肪酸值的测定。结果表明,脂肪酸值在0~240(KOH)/(mg/100g)范围内与消耗标准滴定液的体积呈良好的线性相关,r=0.9997;方法的回收率为89%~113%;三个不同脂肪酸值的稻谷样品15次平行测试的极差最大者为1.73(KOH)/(mg/100g)干基,小于重复性临界值2(KOH)/(mg/100g)干基,标准偏差在0.36~0.55范围内,99%置信区间(随机误差的不确定度)均≤±0.42;40个样品的检测结果与GB/T15684-1995法检测结果比较,均小于重复性临界值2(KOH)/(mg/100g)干基。     

Identification of Minibus''s Surface Noise Source

With the study of minbus's accelerated exterior noise control,the principle of sound intensity measurement was applied,the sound intensity of a minbus's surface noise was tested,and the surface noise distribution was presented.Several identification of noise source methods including sound power,sound intensity contour map,frequency spectrum were used together for surface noise analysis and study.Engine radiation noise and exhaust noise was identified as the major noise sources.On the contrary,car body vibration noise,tyre noise,transmission agent noise,air admission noise just occupied a little proportion of surface sound radiation energy.The research provides the reliable basis to determine main projects of minibus's accelerated exterior noise control.     

测墒补灌深度对济麦22冠层光截获和荧光特性及籽粒产量的影响

测墒补灌是近年开发的一种小麦节水栽培新技术,水分管理的土层深度是该技术的关键因素之一。本研究以济麦22为试验品种,于2013—2014和2014—2015年度在山东兖州进行大田试验,设置4个测墒补灌土层深度,补灌至目标土层拔节期相对含水量70%和开花期相对含水量75%,以定量灌溉(拔节期和开花期各灌水60 mm)和全生育期不灌水处理为对照,通过测定花后0~30 d灌浆阶段小麦冠层光截获特性、群体光合速率、旗叶荧光特性,以及最终籽粒产量和水分利用效率,以明确测墒补灌达到增产的光合基础及最佳土层。当补灌土层为0~20 cm时,灌水量为50.1~51.2 mm,小麦叶面积指数、冠层光合有效辐射截获量、冠层光截获率和群体光合速率,以及旗叶实际光化学效率(ΦPSII)和最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)在各灌水处理中最低;补灌土层为0~40 cm时,灌水量为73.1~93.1 mm,上述前4项指标比补灌深度20 cm时依次提高6.0%~42.4%、8.5%~27.9%、6.7%~14.5%、11.0%~14.6%,同时旗叶ΦPSII和Fv/Fm亦显著提高;补灌深度加大至60 cm(灌水量87.5~105.4 cm)和80 cm(灌水量101.8~115.0 cm)时,这些指标无显著增加。与光合特性相关指标一致,籽粒产量也表现为补灌深度大于40 cm的3个处理间无显著差异,且与定量灌溉对照无显著差异,但都显著高于补灌深度20 cm处理。在本试验条件下,对0~40 cm土层实施测墒补灌,较定量灌溉减少用水26.9~46.9 mm,水分利用效率提高16.2%~16.7%,灌溉效益增加34.0%~68.1%,说明在类似生态条件下,中穗型小麦品种济麦22测墒补灌节水栽培技术的目标土层为0~40 cm。     

基于机器视觉的五坐标机床旋转轴误差检测方法

提出了一种利用机器视觉技术对五坐标机床旋转轴转角定位误差进行检测的方法。首先,通过制作特定的标志,用CCD相机获取标志图像;然后,通过数字图像处理技术对所获得的图像进行分析处理;最后,根据标志在不同位置处的相对转角偏差计算机床旋转轴的转角定位误差,实现五坐标机床旋转轴转角定位误差的辨识和测量。同时,将该方法与传统检测方法进行对比,实验结果表明,所提出的检测方法简单、高效,可以实现机床旋转轴误差的快速检测,并为五坐标机床旋转轴误差的补偿提供了计算依据。