广东海洋产业发展分析及结构优化对策

广东海洋经济凭借优越的资源和区位条件得到了快速发展,对国民经济的贡献愈来愈高,已成为新的经济增长点.本文深入考察了广东海洋产业发展现状尤其是存在的问题;应用灰色系统理论对主要海洋产业进行了关联度分析,认为广东海洋产业结构优化,必须充分发挥市场和产业、政府和政策的正面功能.提出了坚持产业自发转型、政府积极推动和政策强效支撑的组合型对策.     

A Marine Sulfate-Reducing Bacterium Producing Multiple Antibiotics: Biological and Chemical Investigation

A marine sulfate-reducing bacterium SRB-22 was isolated by means of the agar shake dilution method and identified as Desulfovibrio desulfuricans by morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA analysis. In the bioassay, its extract showed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity using the paper disc agar diffusion method. This isolate showed a different antimicrobial profile than either ampicillin or nystatin and was found to produce at least eight antimicrobial components by bioautography. Suitable fermentation conditions for production of the active constituents were determined to be 28 day cultivation at 25 °C to 30 °C with a 10% inoculation ratio. Under these conditions, the SRB-22 was fermented, extracted and chemically investigated. So far an antimicrobial compound, mono-n-butyl phthalate, and an inactive compound, thymine, have been isolated and characterized.     

Total Synthesis and Absolute Configuration of the Marine Norditerpenoid Xestenone

Xestenone is a marine norditerpenoid found in the northeastern Pacific sponge Xestospongia vanilla. The relative configuration of C-3 and C-7 in xestenone was determined by NOESY spectral analysis. However the relative configuration of C-12 and the absolute configuration of this compound were not determined. The authors have now achieved the total synthesis of xestenone using their developed one-pot synthesis of cyclopentane derivatives employing allyl phenyl sulfone and an epoxy iodide as a key step. The relative and absolute configurations of xestenone were thus successfully determined by this synthesis.     

不同菌种对甘草渣降解的影响研究

率达到38.52;、52.36;和59.59;.     

产纤维素酶菌株的分离·筛选及酶活性测定

[目的]寻找更多高效降解纤维素的新菌种及其科学利用方法。[方法]利用“采样－培养－分离单菌落－初筛－复筛－测OD值”的方法筛选出分解纤维素能力较强的菌株。[结果]经反复培养和划线分离从80份样品中初选出35株具有分解纤维素能力的菌株。其中10株由白转绿,长势较好;6株深绿色,长势一般;4株绿色,长势较好。这20株都产孢子,被初步鉴定为绿色木霉。用刚果红培养基进行复筛选,得到9株透明圈较大的菌株。将这9株菌株再进行发酵培养,用DNS法进行酶活测定得到2株酶活较强的菌株。这2株菌株被鉴定为棘孢木霉。通过滤纸崩解测试筛选出20株降解纤维素能力较强的菌种。DNS法酶活测定结果表明采自甘蔗堆积处和甘蔗地的2个菌株的产酶活性最高。[结论]采自甘蔗堆积处和甘蔗地的2个菌株可以作为降解纤维素的新菌种。     

海洋酵母培育仿刺参Apostichopus japonicus浮游幼体研究

采用海洋酵母（Rhodotorula sp.）作为单细胞藻类的替代饵料培育仿刺参（Apostichopus japonicus）浮游幼体。从生长速度（G）、浮游期成活率（SRP）、变态成活率（SRM）、特定生长率（SGR）和40%樽形幼体出现时间（T）等5个指标比较了海洋酵母组（Z9）与不同种类和比例单胞藻混合饵料组（8个组合,Z1~Z8）的投喂效果;并确定了不同发育阶段海洋酵母的最佳投喂组合。结果表明：海洋酵母能够促进刺参幼体的正常发育和变态。ANOVA分析表明,不同饵料组间的生长和变态率等指标差异显著,Z2和Z9两组间差异不显著,但显著优于其他单胞藻混合组。投喂不同数量的海洋酵母对浮游幼体也有显著影响。     

几种海洋多糖在搅拌型酸乳中增稠特性比较研究

海洋多糖因其凝胶性、增稠性、稳定性等特点,可以作为搅拌型酸乳的增稠剂应用.实验比较卡拉胶、海藻酸钠、速溶琼脂和普通琼脂作为增稠剂对搅拌型酸乳指标的影响.通过比较酸乳的黏度、酸度、发酵状态及风味的分析,观察海洋多糖的应用效果.结果表明:速溶琼脂能有效提高酸乳的黏度,增加耐剪切性,改善口感和风味释放性,减少乳清析出,产品口感细腻爽滑,口溶性和吞咽感好,有良好的低温稳定性,延长产品的货架期,当速溶琼脂单独添加量为0.15％时,搅拌型酸乳具有最佳的口感.     

Effect of various microorganisms on phosphorus uptake from insoluble Ca‐phosphates by cucumber plants

Rhizospheric microorganisms can increase P availability to plants. The objective of this work was to elucidate the effects of two plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and biocontrol agents (Bacillus subtilis QST713 and B. Amyloliquefaciens FZB24), a biocontrol agent (the fungus Trichoderma asperellum T34), and Aspergillus niger CBS513.88 on P uptake from insoluble Ca‐phosphates by plants. An experiment involving microbial cultivation in liquid media and three involving cultivation of cucumber plants in a siliceous growing medium fertilized with 40 mg P kg^?1 as phosphate rock (PR), a calcareous medium supplied with the same fertilizer, and one fertilized with KH₂PO₄ or PR at 200 mg P kg^?1 were conducted. In spite of the observed PR solubilization in liquid culture, not all the microorganisms improved P uptake by plants from this P source. The effect of each microorganism also differed depending on the plant‐growing medium, revealing that its P‐solubilizing activity was affected by pH and P concentration in the medium. Overall, best results were obtained with Bacillus subtilis QST713 which increased P uptake from the siliceous growing medium and the calcareous medium fertilized with 200 mg P kg^?1. Improved P nutrition of plants was the result not only of increased P solubilization, but also of enhanced ability of plants to absorb P. The other microorganisms studied provided less promising results despite the P mobilizing strategies they exhibited in the liquid culture (acidification and organic anion exudation). Therefore, these cannot be the only mechanisms contributing to P uptake by plants. Our results support the ability of B. subtilis QST713 to enhance the use of PR as a P source for calcareous soils or to improve uptake of residual P in the form of sparingly soluble Ca‐phosphates.     

不同物料水分对有机肥发酵过程中微生物数量的影响

开展不同初始水分物料在有机肥发酵过程中微生物数量的影响研究,寻求有机肥发酵最佳物料水分。对3种不同初始水分物料进行有氧发酵,于3次翻堆和成品时取样检测微生物数量。不同处理发酵过程中真菌、霉菌、大肠杆菌和蛔虫卵数量总体呈下降趋势,而细菌数量在第2次翻堆前呈下降趋势,其后呈增加趋势;T3处理前3次分离到的真菌、霉菌数量明显大于T1和T2处理,而前2次翻堆分离到的细菌数量低于T1和T2处理。T2处理细菌数量在整个发酵期间维持相对较高水平;3个处理间蛔虫卵数量差别很小。发酵结束时,T2处理真菌、细菌含量最高,3个处理分离到的霉菌数量、大肠杆菌、蛔虫卵数量都很少,符合有机肥标准(NY 525-2012)。有机肥生产过程中,采用初始物料水分55%,在第1次翻堆时补足水分到65%,最有利于有机肥的发酵。