Microbial and enzyme activity in soils amended with a natural source of easily available carbon

The addition of sugar beet to soils as a source of C led to an increase in the availability of easily utilizable C (glucose), which in turn markedly increased numbers of soil bacteria and of the yeast Williopsis californica. Nitrification, P solubilization, urea hydrolysis (and the subsequent nitrification of liberated NH _inf4 ^sup+ ) were stimulated by this amendment. The stimulation of nitrification may have been a result of increased heterotrophic nitrification. In contrast, the concentration of sulphate in S^o-amended soils declined following amendment, presumably as the result of enhanced S immobilization. Activity of the enzymes amylase, aryl sulphatase, invertase, phosphatase, dehydrogenase, and urease were all stimulated by the sugar beet amendment. These results suggest that sugar beet amendment could be used to increase the rate of release of plant-available ions from fertilizers such as insoluble phosphates. Problems may arise, however, from a subsequent increase in nitrification and reduced sulphate availability.     

新型生物制剂“易丰收”对大豆产量促生效应及根际微生物影响研究

通过大豆‘辽豆20’盆栽试验,研究新型生物制剂“易丰收”对大豆的促生效应以及对根际微生物的影响,并结合芸薹素内酯、复合肥料与其进行对比。此文调查了大豆株高、茎粗、根瘤数等生长指标以及产量构成因素,另外还有根际细菌、放线菌和真菌数量。通过SPSS 13.0统计软件分析数据,可以得出结论。“易丰收”较之芸薹素内酯,更能明显促进大豆的生长发育和产量,显著提高大豆根瘤数量,增加根际细菌数量,尤其配合肥料效果更好。     

矿质肥料对杉木苗根区土壤生化性的影响

矿质肥料地施用显著地增加了杉木苗根区土壤的微生物数量，微生物总数３个处理氮，磷钾氮磷钾分别是对照２．２９倍，１．１４倍和２．８９倍，其中细菌增加幅度最大，其次是真菌。矿质矿料对非根区土的微生物数量无明显影响，矿质肥料对杉木苗根区土壤酶活性影响较复杂。脲酶和蔗糖酶的活性不受矿质肥料影响，磷钾和氮磷钾处理均能显著提高蛋白酶活性，单施氮肥能很激活磷酸酶，而氮磷钾混施特别是磷钾混施不仅不能增强其活性，反而     

EM活性菌泥对苹果树腐烂病的防治效果

中国各苹果主产区果农长期使用有机砷等化学制剂防治腐烂病,对土壤、水质等环境造成的污染已引起人们的关注,寻求无公害的方法防治腐烂病,对苹果业可持续发展具有重要意义;设EM活性菌泥涂抹、EM活性菌液涂抹、40%福美砷可湿性粉剂50倍液刮涂和对照(只刮除腐烂病疤,不涂药)4个处理,3次重复,进行了苹果树腐烂病的防治研究;结果表明,EM活性菌泥在防治效果、病疤复发率和促进病疤愈合效果方面均优于其它处理,其当年和第二年4月的防治效果分别为92.7%、93.5%,病疤复发率分别为1.8%、2.8%,促进病疤愈合效果也最好(50.4%);因此,作者提出,将EM活性菌融入粘泥载体中制成菌泥,涂抹在腐烂病疤上,以菌治菌,是防治苹果树腐烂病的新途径。     

不同质地土壤玉米根际生物活性研究

【目的】明确不同质地土壤（砂壤、中壤、重壤）玉米生育期间根际微生物（细菌、放线菌、真菌）数量与酶（脲酶、蛋白酶、磷酸酶、转化酶、过氧化氢酶）活性的变化。【方法】采用池栽方式，以掖单22为材料，研究不同质地土壤的玉米根际微生物数量和酶活性变化，并进行相关分析。【结果】玉米播种前，砂壤中的微生物数量最多，重壤中最少；重壤中的酶活性最高，砂壤最低。3种土壤玉米根际生物活性的动态变化呈抛物线，吐丝期达最大值，此后逐渐下降。吐丝期，3种质地土壤玉米根际微生物数量均表现为中壤最多，重壤最少；5种酶活性均表现为中壤最大，砂壤最小。成熟期，玉米根际土壤细菌与放线菌表现为中壤中数量最多，重壤最少，真菌则表现为中壤最多，砂壤最少; 过氧化氢酶活性表现为重壤最高，砂壤最低，脲酶、蛋白酶、磷酸酶、转化酶表现为中壤中活性最高，砂壤最低。【结论】玉米根际生物活性受玉米生长发育进程和土壤质地的双重影响。     

不同水分条件下磷细菌肥施用效果的研究

在不同水分条件下,施用磷细菌肥料进行盆栽玉米试验,研究表明:菌肥在适宜的水分条件下可显著增加玉米产量、土壤生物量碳和细菌数量,菌肥发挥作用的最适宜土壤水分是15 5%～16 5%。发挥作用的土壤水分下限是10 5%～11 5%。     

舟山市白沙岛海洋牧场建设现状分析及发展对策研究

指出了海洋牧场建设成为引领世界新技术革命、发展低碳经济的一个重要载体、阐述了国内外海洋牧场的发展状况,并探讨了舟山市白沙岛海洋牧场的建设现状和未来发展趋势。     

EM活菌制剂在甘蔗上应用效果

以EM活菌水剂、粉剂等,对甘蔗进行应用效果试验,结果表明：施用菌剂比对照（不施用菌剂）出苗率提高3.2%～5.9%,对构成甘蔗产量的有效茎数、株高、茎径等有较好的促进作用,可提高甘蔗产量5100～9400㎏/hm2,增产7.3%～13.5%。锤度比CK增0.27%～1.12%。从经济效益分析看,菌剂浸种、菌剂稀释喷种、菌剂拌肥处理比对照分别增3312、2376、2370元/hm2。建议有条件的地方,可用菌剂浸种的方法;在缺少水源的旱坡地,可用菌剂稀释喷种或菌剂拌肥的方法,在甘蔗上推广应用EM活菌制剂。     

Cell-Associated Adsorption of Thorium or Uranium from Aqueous System Using Various Microorganisms

The cell-associated adsorption of thorium or uranium from the solution containing each metal only at pH 3.50 using various microorganisms was examined. Among the species tested, high thorium adsorption abilities were exhibited by strains of the gram-positive bacteria Arthrobacter nicotianae IAM12342, Bacillus megaterium IAM1166, B. Subtilis IAM1026, Micrococcus luteus IAM1056, Rhodococcus erythropolis IAM1399, and Streptomyces levoris HUT6156. And high uranium adsorption abilities were found in some gram-positive bacterial strains S. albus HUT6047, S. levoris HUT6156, and A. nicotianae IAM12342. Among these highly efficient thorium and uranium adsorbing microorganisms, S. levoris, which could adsorb the largest amount of uranium from the aqueous solution at pH 3.50, could adsorb about 383 mol thorium and 390 mol uranium per gram dry weight of microbial cells from the solution containing thorium or uranium at pH 3.50. The amount and time course of thorium adsorbed were almost unaffected by co-existing uranium; however, the adsorption of thorium was faster when carried out after the adsorption of uranium. Thorium adsorption also became faster when uranium was added after thorium adsorption. The effect of pH on thorium adsorption was also discussed.     

土壤频繁应用杀虫剂的降解动力学统一模型

This paper deduces a kinetic model for microbial degradation of pesticides in soils:x=x0(M/[M-m0 m0exp(μt)])^kM/μ where x is the concentration of pestcide at time t,x0 the initial concentration of the pesticide,m0 the initial number of pesticide-degrading microogranisms,M the carrying capacity for the microorganisms,μ the specific growth rate of the microorganisms,and k the rate constant for the pesticide degradation.In periodic applications of pesticides,this model can be used to continumously describe every degradation curve.Whether a lag phase occurs or not,we can obtain the minimum residue of the pesticide(xe): xc=xdexp(-kMτ)/[1-exp(-kMτ)]where τ the regular time intervals between applications ,and xd the dosage of the pesticide.