复方柴胡散治疗鸡尿酸盐沉积效果初探

鸡尿酸盐沉积病是由多种病因引起的肾脏机能障碍的总称。发病时间长,死亡率高。主要表现为肾尿酸盐沉积,肿胀、充血、出血。轻者使雏鸡生长受阻、成鸡生长性能降低,重者导致大量死亡。尿酸盐沉积为一种慢性疾病。日粮中蛋白质含量过高、高钙日粮或高钙低磷日粮、维生素缺乏、药物慢性中毒、某些传染病及其它若干因素都可引发本病。目前临床上尚无特效的治疗方法,而且治愈率较低,治疗操作不便等因素,给养鸡业带来一定的经济损失。此项实验以柴胡方剂为主要药物,以清热、通便、理气为治疗原则。试验药物具有操作简便、治愈率高、经济实惠的优点。通过人工复制病例和鸡场自然病例的试验,表明试验药物对该病治愈率达到90%以上。     

Experimental Study of Multifunctional Acid to Deliquesce Stratum-jam

Aiming at the oneness of acid to deliquesce stratum-jam applied in scene at the present time,which is incapable of deliquescing complex dirty simultaneously,this article confects a new multifunctional O/W acid.This acid is an emulsified mixture containing 15% hydrochloric acid as its extro-posture,high dissolved oil as its internal state under the function of some proper exterior active reagent.It is composed of 0.5%OP-10,0.5%Span80,0.2%Tween80,0.06%imidazole and 0.01%twelve-alcohol,and the content of oil is equal to the acid content.It can be indicated that this acid has good ability of resolving mineral(CaCO_3,MgCO_3) and organic compound(mainly colloidal bitumen) when it was poured into the stratum,so that it can deliquesce oleic stratum-jam,resume and improve the penetrability of stratum,boost the ability of liquid flowing up.     

微波加热对米糠储藏性能和蛋白质溶解性的影响

研究了微波加热对于米糠5周储藏期间酸值和过氧化值及米糠蛋白溶解性的影响。结果表明，利用微波加热稳定米糠，可以有效降低酸值，防止水解酸败，同时也能降低过氧化值。     

JAZ蛋白介导的茉莉酸信号传递

当植物受到生物或非生物因素胁迫时,体内会合成茉莉酸类物质,启动自身的防御反应。茉莉酸途径的抑制因子JAZ(Jasmonate ZIM-domain)蛋白近期被确认,该文对JAZ蛋白在茉莉酸信号传递中的作用作一综述。     

甘蓝型油菜两种纯合中芥酸基因型的分离和鉴定

本研究从中国高芥酸甘蓝型油菜品种华油8号与加拿大无芥酸品种Altex杂交的后代中,分离和鉴定出了两种不同的纯合中芥酸基因型,它们在一个基因座位上具有纯合的有芥酸基因E.在另一座位上具有纯合的无芥酸基因c,其基因型组成可分别用E_AE_Ae_Ce_C和e_Ae_AE_CE_C表示。二者的芥酸含量均为27%左右,基本上等于双亲的平均值。这两种基因型的杂交后代和回交后代的分离结果表明,其遗传行为与无芥酸和高芥酸杂交后代的结果相同,这再次证实了芥酸的遗传假说,同时也证实了这两种基因型的遗传组成。文后讨论了这两种基因型的可能用途。     

Assessing Repeated Oxalic Acid Vaporization in Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Colonies for Control of the Ectoparasitic Mite Varroa destructor

The American beekeeping industry continually experiences colony mortality with annual losses as high as 43%. A leading cause of this is the exotic, ectoparasitic mite, Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman (Mesostigmata: Varroidae). Integrated Pest Management (IPM) options are used to keep mite populations from reaching lethal levels, however, due to resistance and/or the lack of suitable treatment options, novel controls for reducing mites are warranted. Oxalic acid for controlling V. destructor has become a popular treatment regimen among commercial and backyard beekeepers. Applying vaporized oxalic acid inside a honey bee hive is a legal application method in the U.S., and results in the death of exposed mites. However, if mites are in the reproductive stage and therefore under the protective wax capping, oxalic acid is ineffective. One popular method of applying oxalic is vaporizing multiple times over several weeks to try and circumvent the problem of mites hiding in brood cells. By comparing against control colonies, we tested oxalic acid vaporization in colonies treated with seven applications separated by 5 d (35 d total). We tested in apiaries in Georgia and Alabama during 2019 and 2020, totaling 99 colonies. We found that adult honey bees Linnaeus (Hymenoptera: Apidae), and developing brood experienced no adverse impacts from the oxalic vaporization regime. However, we did not find evidence that frequent periodic application of oxalic during brood-rearing periods is capable of bringing V. destructor populations below treatment thresholds.     

Functional polymorphism among members of abscisic acid receptor family(ZmPYL) in maize

Pyrabactin resistance 1-like proteins(PYLs) are direct receptors of abscisic acid(ABA). For the redundant and polymorphic functions, some members of the PYL family interact with components of other signaling pathways. Here, 253 positive colonies from a maize cDNA library were screened as interacting proteins with the members of ZmPYL family. After sequencing and function annotation, 17 of 28 interaction combinations were verified by yeast two-hybrid(Y2 H). The germination potential, taproot length and proline content of a quartet mutant of Arabidopsis PYL genes were significantly deceased comparing to the wild type(WT) under alkaline stress(pH 8.5) and 100 μmol L–1 methyl jasmonate(MeJA) induction. The malondialdehyde(MDA) content was significantly increased. After germinating in darkness, the characteristics of dark morphogenesis of the quartet mutant seedlings were more obvious than those of the WT. The differential expression of the related genes of photomorphogenesis in the mutant was much more than that in the WT. Three light and two JA responsive cis-affecting elements were identified during the promoter sequences of the AtPYL1 and AtPYL2 genes. These results suggested that functional polymorphism has evolved among the members of ZmPYL family. In response to developmental and environmental stimuli, they not only function as direct ABA receptors but also interact with components of other signaling pathways mediated JA, brassinosteroid(BR), auxin, etc., and even directly regulate downstream stress-related proteins. These signaling pathways can interact at various crosstalk points and different levels of gene expression within a sophisticated network.     

艾纳香脱氢酶基因家族的生物信息学分析

采用RT-PCR和RACE（Rapid amplification of cDNA ends）技术,从艾纳香（Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC.）叶片中克隆到4条编码艾纳香脱氢酶（BbADH1、BbADH2、BbADH3、BbADH4）基因的cDNA序列,并对4条核苷酸及其编码的氨基酸序列进行生物信息学分析。结果显示:4条艾纳香脱氢酶序列开放阅读框均在900 bp左右,蛋白质等电点（pI）值在5.0~9.0之间,含量最多的氨基酸为亮氨酸（Leu）,最少的为色氨酸（Try）,具有明显的疏水区和亲水区,N端未发现信号肽,且无跨膜区;同源性比对结果显示,艾纳香BbADH蛋白与其他植物中ADH蛋白具有高度的相似性,且具有脱氢酶的特征功能域;系统发育分析表明,艾纳香（B. balsamifera (L.) DC.）BbADH1和BbADH3同处于一个分支,且与胡杨（Populus euphratica Oliv.）PeADH物种亲缘关系较近,而艾纳香BbADH4和BbADH2处于不同分支,且分别与葡萄（Vitis vinifera）VvADH和烟草（Nicotiana tabacum）NtADH物种亲缘关系较近。     

菠萝酸性转化酶基因家族初步生物信息学及表达分析

酸性转化酶（acid invertase, AIN）在菠萝采后蔗糖降解过程中起着重要作用,基于菠萝全基因组数据库,预测菠萝AIN家族基因并进行生物信息学分析,解析其在采后菠萝不同贮藏温度下的表达变化情况,为阐明AIN基因在采后菠萝果实贮藏特性中的作用奠定基础。以水稻AIN家族基因为探针,在菠萝全基因组中鉴定到2个菠萝细胞壁酸性转化酶基因（cell wall acid invertase, CWIN）和2个液泡酸性转化酶基因（vacuolar acid invertase, VIN）,分别命名为AcCWIN1、AcCWIN2、AcVIN1、AcVIN2,设计编码区引物进行测序验证,并进行生物信息学分析。进化分析结果表明,AcCWIN1、AcCWIN2和AcVIN1、AcVIN2蛋白分别归于细胞壁酸性转化酶和液泡酸性转化酶2个进化支上,且均属于糖基水解酶家族GH32,基因结构、保守域和保守基序均一致。荧光定量分析结果表明,菠萝果肉中AcVIN1和AcVIN2在果实采后贮藏过程中表达量升高,且AcVIN1在发生黑心病的部位大量表达,而AcCWIN1和AcCWIN2在采后贮藏过程中表达量逐渐降低,且随着贮藏温度的升高其表达量降低,预示AcVIN1、AcVIN2较AcCWIN1、AcCWIN2在菠萝采后蔗糖降解和黑心病的发生方面发挥着更为重要的作用。