DEHP对土壤脱氢酶活性及微生物功能多样性的影响

选用肥熟旱耕人为土(黄棕壤),设置了在土壤中施加100 mg kg-1 DEHP与不施加DEHP两个水平,盆栽试验研究了DEHP对土壤脱氢酶活性以及土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响,以及植物在污染土壤中的修复作用。结果表明,施加DEHP显著抑制了土壤脱氢酶活性,30 d时与对照相比降低了约30%, 第60 d时尽管有缓慢的回升,但仍明显低于对照(p<0.05)。从BIOLOG反应的结果可以看出,DEHP也显著影响土壤微生物的功能多样性,土壤微生物群落的Shannon指数、Simpson指数、McIntosh指数和均度均显著低于无污染的对照,说明DEHP的污染导致了土壤微生物群落功能多样性的下降。种植植物对土壤脱氢酶和微生物活性有很明显的促进作用,并且在一定程度上缓解了DEHP的毒害作用,但并未消除DEHP对土壤微生物的影响。     

猪粪便污水PSB液肥化及其对绿豆插条不定根发生的促进作用

研究结果表明,用猪粪便污水培养光合细菌(简称PSB)生产PSB液肥是可行的,但须进行预酸化处理;猪粪便污水发酵液(CODcr2 173 mg/L)通过8 d培养获得的光合细菌液肥PSB含量可达4.5×108MPN/mL。采用蒸馏水、“绿泉”植物营养液和光合细菌液肥(分别稀释50、100、200和400倍)等6种供试液进行绿豆不定根发生生物试验。结果表明:光合细菌液肥能明显促进绿豆插条不定根发生,其中稀释200倍液的绿豆不定根数量、长度和生物量与蒸馏水处理相比,分别增加24%、57%和73%,而且不定根出现时间比蒸馏水提早3 d。猪粪便污水光合细菌液肥化技术,可为农业循环经济的实施提供很好的技术支持,有助于禽畜养殖业的可持续发展。     

小豆SSR-PCR反应条件的优化

笔者对小豆SSR-PCR扩增体系的反应条件进行了优化,分析了Mg2+浓度、dNTP浓度、DNA模板浓度、引物浓度、Taq聚合酶浓度对PCR扩增结果的影响。结果表明:在10 μL的PCR反应体系中,Mg2+的最适浓度为2 mmol/L,dNTP最适浓度为0．25 mmool/L,反应体系中Taq聚合酶宜加入1 U,引物的最适浓度为 0．15 mmol/L,DNA模板加入量为20 ng。     

A possible critical dosing period of p-cumylphenol for development of cystic kidneys in rat neonates

In accordance with a previous report on cystic kidneys induced in rat neonates when dosed with p-cumylphenol (PCP) for 18 days from postnatal day (PND) 4, 3 rat neonates were dosed with PCP once a day for 14 days, either from PND 14, 21, 28, 35, or 42 as W2, W3, W4, W5, and W6 groups, respectively, to investigate whether dosing periods in different PNDs influenced the development of cystic renal tubules. The lesion was striking in the W2 group and at a lesser magnitude in the W3 group, whereas either kidney was unaffected when dosing was initiated beyond PND 28. These findings, together with the results from the previous study, suggested that PND 14-28 is a critical dosing period for PCP to develop cystic kidneys in rat neonates. The lining epithelium of the cystic tubules was immunohistochemically positive for AQP2. This finding and the anatomical location indicated that the cystic tubules were of collecting duct origin. Either obstruction, fluid accumulation, or reparative hyperplasia of the lining epithelium was unlikely to be involved in the formation of cystic tubules lined with a monolayer of cuboidal or columnar epithelium with a high nuclear density. Thus, the follow-up investigation on PCP suggested a critical dosing period of PND 14-28 in rat neonates for the development of cystic dilation of renal collecting ducts. This study further supports that additive hyperplasia of the lining epithelium is a fundamental basis of this unique lesion.     

双低菜籽粕对草鱼和鲤甲状腺、肝、肾组织结构的影响

以组织学方法,研究了投喂不同含量双低菜籽粕对草鱼和鲤甲状腺、肝、肾组织的影响。结果表明:在试验的前28 d,双低菜籽粕各不同含量的日粮(17%、34%、51%、68%)对草鱼甲状腺、肝脏组织没有影响,但菜籽粕含量为68%的试验组草鱼肾小管上皮出现颗粒变性。第42天后,菜籽粕含量为68%的试验组草鱼甲状腺滤泡上皮轻度增生,滤泡结构不规则;菜籽粕含量等于或大于51%的试验组草鱼肝脏出现颗粒变性和空泡变性,肾小球有透明变性,肾脏轻度淤血。在试验的第28天,双低菜籽粕含量等于或大于52.2%的试验组鲤甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞的高度增加,肝细胞空泡变性,有轻微的肾小球透明变性。第42天后菜籽粕含量等于或大于34.8%的试验组鲤甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞的高度增加,滤泡胶质的边缘出现缺刻;肝脏出现淤血,部分肝细胞坏死;肾小球透明变性,肾脏淤血。     

复合涂膜保鲜剂对番荔枝模拟贮运期间品质的影响

研究大黄与五倍子复合涂膜保鲜剂涂膜对番荔枝模拟贮运期间贮藏品质的影响,明确该保鲜剂的保鲜效果。将保鲜剂涂膜的番荔枝作为处理组、未涂膜的果实作为对照(CK),分别置于加冰的泡沫箱中贮藏20 h模拟当地贮运技术,之后开箱放置于常温下贮藏,考察复合涂膜保鲜剂对番荔枝感官品质及其生理生化的影响。结果表明,与CK组比较,经涂膜处理后番荔枝果实的裂果、烂果、霉果和失重情况明显改善,褐变指数和乙烯释放量显著降低;有效延缓了果实软化,延迟了呼吸高峰第1次出现的时间,抑制呼吸高峰的第2次出现, 可显著降低淀粉酶活性、减缓淀粉转化为可溶性固形物的速度。该保鲜剂可有效延缓番荔枝模拟贮运期间果实的衰老,起到较为理想的保鲜效果。     

口服盐酸特比萘芬对幼犬血液常规及生化指标的影响

试验表明,盐酸特比萘芬不同饲喂剂量均可导致犬淋巴细胞百分比、中性粒细胞百分比、白细胞数等血常规检测指标异常。盐酸特比萘酚在幼犬肝脏和肾脏中的毒性是慢性累积的,临床应用中推荐使用盐酸特比萘芬剂量为 5 mg/kg.d进行口服,连续给药不能超过 21d。     

Strategy to identify resistance to white mould associated with high yield for irrigated common bean in Brazil

Development of common bean cultivars with partial white mould resistance through breeding techniques has been a challenge in Brazil. As yet, lines/cultivars from breeding programmes have not been investigated for resistance; therefore, this study screened 107 lines/cultivars for their reactions to white mould in 14 preliminary trials conducted under irrigation. Thirteen resistant lines/cultivars (three of Andean origin) and six Mesoamerican cultivars (three intermediately resistant and three susceptible) were selected for further investigation. These lines/cultivars and the resistant control A195 were evaluated in six advanced trials and two straw tests to assess the effectiveness of the screening procedure. In 11 preliminary trials, screenings were performed under moderate/high or higher disease pressure. These pressures occurred in two advanced trials in which, when yields were averaged across moderate/high and high pressures, 10 Mesoamerican lines/cultivars selected for resistance yielded 14%, 23%, and 38% more than intermediately resistant cultivars, A195, and susceptible cultivars, with median disease ratings (1–9 scale) of 4.5, 5.7, 5.7, and 6.7, respectively. In the straw test, three Andean lines/cultivars (A195 included) and two susceptible cultivars in the field were among those with the highest levels of physiological resistance. Thus, field rating under high disease pressure and greenhouse rating did not correlate significantly, suggesting that field trials are critical to evaluating resistance and to identifying high-yielding beans. Therefore, lines/cultivars from breeding programmes assessed in field trials may provide a low cost and fast way to identify high-yielding bean cultivars with partial resistance to white mould in the subtropical southern hemisphere.     

基于单克隆抗体的南方菜豆花叶病毒血清学检测技术

为建立南方菜豆花叶病毒(southern bean mosaic virus,SBMV)的快速、简便、高通量检测技术,加强该病毒的口岸检验检疫,以提纯的SBMV粒子为免疫原免疫BALB/C小鼠,利用杂交瘤技术获得3株杂交瘤细胞株19C3、19H9和20G4,其分泌的SBMV腹水单抗效价均达到10-7,且3个单抗与感染SBMV大豆叶片组织粗提液有强烈的特异性免疫反应,而不与感染南方豇豆花叶病毒(southern cowpea mosaic virus,SCPMV)的豇豆、健康的大豆、毛豆、豌豆、蚕豆和菜豆叶片组织粗提液发生免疫反应。以制备的单抗为核心,建立了检测植物中SBMV的ACP-ELISA和dotELISA两种血清学方法。3个单抗中19H9单抗的检测灵敏度最高,以其建立的ACP-ELISA和dot-ELISA方法检测大豆病叶粗提液的灵敏度分别达到1∶163 840和1∶10 240稀释浓度。利用建立的dot-ELISA方法可从上海口岸截获的大豆种子中检测出SBMV,且该检测结果得到RT-PCR方法验证。表明制备的SBMV单抗及建立的SBMV血清学检测技术可有效用于我国SBMV的口岸检验检疫。     

外源ABA对低温胁迫下小豆幼苗生理及产量的影响

在盆栽条件下,以耐冷性不同的2个小豆(Vigna angularis）品种龙小豆4号（耐冷型）和天津红（冷敏型）为材料,于苗期在人工气候室进行低温（4℃,持续12 h）及预喷施外源脱落酸（abscisic acid,ABA）处理,旨在研究苗期低温胁迫下外源ABA对小豆叶片逆境生理指标（H₂2O₂2、丙二醛（MDA）、抗氧化酶活性、可溶性物质）和产量因子的调控效应。结果表明：幼苗期低温处理12 h后,龙小豆4号和天津红小豆叶片H₂2O₂2含量分别提高34.82%和27.10%;MDA含量分别提高65.56%和83.79%;SOD和POD活性分别提高6.67%和18.48%、45.53%和102.44%;脯氨酸含量分别提高33.12%和24.41%。低温处理导致龙小豆4号百粒重下降2.58%,与喷施清水相比,低温处理12 h后天津红的单株荚数和百粒重分别下降18.55%和10.61%(P＜0.05）。喷施外源ABA具有抵御低温的作用,外源ABA促进龙小豆4号和天津红叶片脯氨酸含量提高9.13%和19.76%;H₂2O₂2含量降低7.63%和8.36%;MDA含量降低10.18%和20.27%;SOD和POD活性分别提高9.06%和13.57%、8.26%和28.51%,同时百粒重分别提高8.56%和8.92%。低温胁迫下,不同品种小豆的生理应激存在显著差异;喷施外源ABA能够有效缓解低温胁迫对小豆的伤害。