引进美国玉米自交系在我国的耐旱适应性分析

对210份引进美国解密玉米自交系在正常灌溉和干旱胁迫两种水分处理下进行耐旱适应性分析。通过对美国自交系和国内主要自交系耐旱相关农艺性状调查发现,在两种水分处理下,美国自交系产量略高于国内自交系,其中,行粒数是造成产量差异的主要因素。从育种角度来看,虽然美国自交系株高高于国内自交系,但其穗位高明显低于国内自交系,有利于培育品种的抗倒性。利用耐旱选择系数对自交系耐旱性进行评价,从美国自交系选出LH149、PHBA6、S8326等26份极强耐旱性自交系,耐旱性超过国内自交系豫12和齐319等。     

鳗弧菌感染对日本鑚部分免疫活性因子的影响

对日本蟳(Charybdis japonica)进行鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)悬液和生理盐水(对照)注射感染,研究其血清免疫因子超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的变化,并对试验结果进行统计学分析。结果表明,注射鳗弧菌悬液组SOD活性12、24、48h均高于对照组,48h达到最高;CAT活性12、24h增加非常明显,12h达最高;AKP活性5、12、24h都有增加,均高于对照,24h最高;ACP活性12h开始上升,24h达最高。在人工感染鳗弧菌48h内,日本蟳体内的免疫因子发生了明显的变化,血清中SOD、ACP、AKP、CAT活性在不同时间段均有显著升高趋势,高于对照组水平。     

用灰色局势决策法多因素综合评估甘蓝型油菜早代自交系的一般配合力

运用灰色局势决策法多因素综合评估对信阳市农科所选育的10个早代（S2代）自交系一般配合力测定试验结果进行分析。结果表明：测交种12个性状（单株产量、株高、分枝部位、一次有效分枝数、主花序长度、主花序角数、主花序角长、主花序结角密度、全株总角数、角粒数、千粒重、生育期）的权系数分别为：0.11、0.09、0.08、0.07、0.09、0.08、0.08、0.08、0.08、0.09、0.08、0.07；测交种的综合效果测度值大小顺序为：K1> K2> K9> K5> K10> K3> K7> K4> K8> K6；其中K1的综合效果测度值是0.9376，综合表现最大，其次是K2，它的综合效果测度值为0.8933，K6综合效果测度值是0.8226，综合表现最差。此排序值与以产量性状进行方差分析的位次排序值高度相关，以此来对评估早代自交系的一般配合力是一种较为简便的、有效的测定方法。     

万年青炭疽病病原菌分离与鉴定

万年青炭疽病是万年青的重要病害之一,其病原菌的分类说法不一,本文按照柯赫氏法则的要求进行了分离培养和鉴定,鉴定结果为丛刺胶盘孢属Vermicularia的万年青炭疽刺盘孢菌Vermicularia （Colletotrichum） montemartinii Togn.Var.rhodeae Trav.。文中对病害的症状、病原菌分离培养及形态特征等作了描述。     

Spatial association between northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) and potential prey distribution during the wintering period in the northern Sea of Japan

Elucidating the response of marine predators to oceanographic features helps in understanding their foraging strategies and the cause of their spatial overlap and interference with fishery activities. Northern fur seal is a highly pelagic species during the wintering period. In recent years, fur seals have consistently been found distributed near the coast of southwest Hokkaido, Japan. Because interference by fur seals with coastal fishery activities has become a serious concern, an understanding is sought as to why fur seals come ashore in this area. We conducted ship‐based observations and estimated fur seal density. To elucidate the spatial and seasonal association of fur seal distribution and ocean environments, we constructed statistical models to describe how potential prey distribution and oceanographic features influenced the fur seal spatial distribution during the wintering period. Fur seal distribution corresponded markedly to potential prey distribution, and they tended to aggregate along the narrow continental shelf that is the main geographic feature of this area, which is 2000 m deep and approximately 10 km from the coast. Walleye pollock [Gadus chαlcogrαmmα (Theragra chαlcogrαmmα)] and arabesque greenling (Pleurogrammus azonus), which are one of the main prey for fur seals, move to the shallow area to spawn on the continental shelf seasonally, so potential prey abundance could be higher in coastal areas than offshore. Moreover, the absence of a mesopelagic biotic community may be one of the main factors in the coastal distribution of the fur seal.     

超低温冷冻对日本鳗鲡精子酶活性的影响

研究超低温冷冻保存(-196℃)对日本鳗鲡精子内总ATP酶、肌酸激酶(CK)、琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)等酶活性的影响。运用试剂盒分别测定了冷冻前后日本鳗鲡精子内酶活性的变化。结果表明,经过超低温冷冻保存后,日本鳗鲡精子的活力下降,精子内GR活性显著升高(P<0.05),酶活性从冻前的358.52±45.65 U/L上升到646.30±70.30 U/L;其它几种酶的活性均显著下降(P<0.05),总ATP酶、CK和SDH的活性分别从冻前的3.14±0.61 U/ml、17.10±3.51 U/ml和32±5.94 U/ml下降到1.83±0.43 U/ml、7.33±1.74 U/ml和21±1.41 U/ml,LDH、SOD和CAT活性分别从冻前的2 266.67±313.25 U/L、220.47±32.94 U/ml和48.51±5.94U/ml下降到1 195.91±198.51 U/L、84.16±22.11 U/ml和21.8±4.14 U/ml。超低温冷冻对日本鳗鲡精子酶活性和精子活力均有较大影响。     

不同品系杜洛克后代商品猪胴体性状的比较分析

为研究不同品系杜洛克作为终端父本对其后代商品猪胴体性状的影响,选取214和108头分别由美系和加系杜洛克公猪配种、出生时间相近(±2 d)和体重相近(35±5 kg)的后代三元商品猪进行育肥饲养,结束饲养后开展屠宰试验,测定背膘厚度、眼肌厚度、瘦肉率和肋骨数.结果显示:加系杜洛克商品后代的背膘厚度、眼肌厚度显著(P<0...     

61份玉米DH系的SSR标记分析及性状遗传研究

采用SSR标记对由玉米自交系四-287×PHBIM组配的杂交F1经"吉高诱3号"诱导以及秋水仙素加倍后筛选所得的61份DH系进行进一步鉴定,并运用NCⅡ设计,将61份DH系与优良自交系L98与PH6WC组配成122个杂交组合,对DH系以及杂交组合的7个性状进行配合力及遗传力分析。结果表明,经SSR分子鉴定,61份DH系未发现偏分离现象;以单穗粒重、百粒重为目标,筛选出9个表现优良的DH系;以单穗粒重为目标,筛选出(M45×PH6WC、M42×PH6WC、M47×PH6WC)3个优良杂交组合。遗传力分析表明,株高、穗长可在早代选择,穗位高和秃尖长在晚代选择。     

Regulation of root-to-leaf Na and Cl transport and its association with photosynthetic activity in salt-tolerant soybean genotypes

ABSTRACT

Soil salinity is a major constraint to sustainable crop production. Genetic improvements are needed for growing soybean in salinity-prone environments. Salt-tolerant soybean genotypes alleviate a reduction in photosynthesis and growth under saline conditions; however, the detailed mechanisms involved remain unclear. Here, we aimed to clarify how Na and Cl root-to-leaf transport is quantitatively regulated, and to identify whether photosynthetic tolerance depends on traits associated with either stomata or with mesophyll tissues. Two pairs of pot-grown soybean near-isogenic lines (NILs) consisting of tolerant and susceptible counterparts, derived from a cross between salt-tolerant FT-Abyara and salt-sensitive C01, were subjected to salinity treatment in a rainout greenhouse. Comparison of photosynthetic responses between genotypes indicated that genotypic differences in salinity tolerance depended on the ability for sustained CO₂ assimilation in mesophyll tissues, rather than stomatal conductance. The ratio of photosynthetic rate to intercellular CO₂ concentration (A/Ci) declined exponentially with increasing Na and Cl concentration regardless of genotype, but tolerant genotypes effectively kept both elements at significantly low levels. Under saline conditions, tolerant genotypes reduced Na and Cl content at the two transport pathways: from root to stem, and from stem to leaf, but the reduction of Cl at each pathway was only minor. These results suggest that integrating genetic capacity for Cl transport regulation and osmotic adjustment should be an important target in salinity-tolerance soybean breeding.