Substrate composition determines emergence success and development of European nase larvae (Chondrostoma nasus L.)

European nase (Chondrostoma nasus) is a specialist riverine fish, characterised by a complex life cycle making it vulnerable to habitat degradation. Recent findings indicate that, analogously to salmonids, the interstitial zone quality may pose a serious bottleneck for successful recruitment of this species. In this study, nase eggs were exposed to different substrate qualities. First, standardised substrate mixtures with differing fine sediment additions were used. Second, we tested different homogenous gravel fractions for their influence on egg development and emergence success. In both setups, substrate composition significantly affected emergence success, timing of emergence and larvae size at emergence. In the substrate mixtures, emergence was most successful in substratum with no fine sediment addition (98%) and decreased to 55% in substratum with 20% fine sediment addition. Emergence was most successful in the coarsest fraction (93%) and decreased to 47% in the finest fraction. Over all treatments, the time between hatching and emergence from substrate differed by up to 156 degree days, thereby indicating that free embryos of nase use the shelter of the interstitial zone for early ontogeny. These results suggest that a loose and porous stream bed can positively contribute to the development success of eggs and larvae and thereby potentially improve the recruitment of nase populations. It is thus important to consider the substrate and interstitial conditions in the conservation and restoration management of this rheophilic cyprinid.     

磷在富营养化湖泊沉积物-水界面的循环

沉积物中部分固定的磷可通过分解或溶解作用而释放磷酸盐到沉积物间隙水中;再生的磷可能释放到上覆水体中,或在沉积物中作为一种自生相而再沉淀,或被沉积物的其它组分所吸附。本文描述了磷在沉积物-水界面的迁移过程,并对影响磷循环的因子及其磷自沉积物释放的机制作一简要概述。     

Expression and modulation of connective tissue growth factor in renal interstitial fibrosis

CTGF, a member of the CCN family of immediate early genes, is a recently discovered profibrotic growth factor, which is involved in many pathophysiologic procedures. CTGF acts as a downstream effector of TGF-β acting on interstitial cells to enhance the progression of fibrotic renal diseases. It has been shown that CTGF gene expression can be induced or blocked by some kinds of cytokine and drugs. It is an interesting candidate target for future intervention strategies of renal interstitial fibrosis.     

水稻植质钵育栽植技术的探讨

本文对传统的水稻栽植方式存在的缺点进行了剖析,介绍了植质水稻栽植技术研究的目的、意义、国内外现状,该技术研究的基本方案、工艺路线,并对该项技术所带来的经济效益和发展前景进行了全面论述。     

柔性机械臂辅助大负载空间舱段对接的阻抗控制研究

介绍了柔性机械臂辅助大负载空间舱段对接阻抗的几种方式,即：力控制、位置控制、力位混合控制、顺应控制以及阻抗控制,在此基础上,具体阐述了柔性机械臂辅助大负载空间舱段对接的阻抗控制及所产生的价值,期望能够为空间舱升级优化工作提供一定的参考与指导。     

新疆枸杞种植的气候分区

通过比较得出,新疆精河县的气候条件最适合枸杞生长,当地的枸杞不但产量高而且品质好,因此,以精河县枸杞生产期间的主要气候指标为标准,利用模糊优选比方法将新疆分为3个气候区,提出了各区的发展策略。     

液氮充注气调厢开门时O2体积分数预测模型研究

为掌握液氮充注气调厢开门时厢内O2体积分数的变化规律,在分析热压作用下气调厢开门渗风特性的基础上,建立了O2体积分数预测模型,并进行了试验验证。研究结果表明:气调厢开门期间,开门时间越短则气调厢内外空气交界面的平均温度上升越快;在气调厢内相对湿度为90%~95%情况下,气调厢内外空气交界面的相对湿度在开门后60 s内即迅速上升至100%,并且开门期间平均相对湿度均在97%以上;开门时气调厢内O2体积分数上升速度随着开门时间的延长而逐渐降低,通过对比计算数据和试验数据发现气调厢内O2体积分数试验值和理论值存在一定误差,开门时间为3 min以上时,相对误差均在10%以内。     

湖泊沉积物中磷释放的研究进展

沉积物是湖泊营养物质的重要蓄积库,也是湖泊内源性P的主要来源。沉积物中部分固定的P可通过分解或溶解作用而释放磷酸盐到沉积物间隙水中,然后通过扩散作用或表层沉积物的再悬浮作用而释放到上覆水体中。本文就目前对沉积物P释放的影响因素及释放机制的研究进展作一简要概述。     

六味地黄汤对5/6肾切除大鼠肾组织中细胞外基质的影响

目的观察六味地黄汤对慢性肾衰大鼠肾组织细胞外基质的影响,探讨其防治肾间质纤维化的可能机制。方法用5/6肾切除大鼠复制慢性肾衰模型,分空白对照组、假手术组、模型组和六味地黄汤组。术后8周,检测各组肾功能指标;HE染色观察肾脏组织病理变化,Masson染色检测肾脏中胶原纤维沉积;免疫组化法检测ColⅠ、ColⅢ、FN在肾组织中的表达;Western blot法检测PDGF-A、PDGF-B在肾组织中的蛋白表达水平。结果与假手术组比较,模型组24 h尿蛋白、血尿素氮和血肌酐明显升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,六味地黄汤组24 h尿蛋白(P<0.01)、血尿素氮(P<0.01)和血肌酐(P<0.05)均明显降低。模型组HE和Masson染色显示大鼠肾间质纤维化明显,大量胶原纤维沉积,六味地黄汤组肾间质纤维化程度明显减轻,少量胶原纤维沉积。免疫组化法显示,与假手术组比较,模型组肾组织中ColⅠ、ColⅢ、FN蛋白水平均明显升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,六味地黄汤组肾组织中ColⅠ、ColⅢ、FN蛋白水平均明显降低(P<0.05)。Western blot法显示,与假手术组比较,模型组肾组织中PDGF-A、PDGF-B蛋白水平均明显升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,六味地黄汤组肾组织中PDGF-A、PDGF-B蛋白水平均明显降低(P<0.01)。结论六味地黄汤可能通过下调PDGF-A、PDGF-B表达,从而减少肾组织中细胞外基质的积聚而抑制肾间质纤维化。