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为了对寄主植物介导的间接病虫互作机理研究奠定基础,采用光度分析法研究白粉菌侵染中国月季植株对植物体内糖类和蛋白质含量的影响.结果表明:中国月季(Rosa chinensis)感染白粉菌(Sphaerotheca pannosa)后,随着感病时间的延长,蛋白质含量逐渐下降,而总糖含量则呈先升高后降低的趋势;白粉菌侵染对中国月季叶片蛋白质和总糖含量的影响均存在明显的时间效应,随着感病程度增加,蛋白质和总糖的含量均明显降低,蛋白质含量从73.52 mg/g降低至59.92 mg/g,总糖含量从17.84 mg/g降低至8.94 mg/g.     

Functional traits associated with nitrogen use efficiency in wheat

The association between functional traits and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) was investigated to assist the breeding of nitrogen (N) use-efficient bread wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. aestivum) varieties. This study combined results from a climate chamber experiment involving 41 spring wheat varieties and a field experiment involving six winter and six spring wheat varieties grown with and without the application of mineral N fertiliser. The climate chamber experiment was analysed by partial least squares (PLS) regression, with several predictors and NUE as response, to identify traits related to NUE. Specific hypotheses were then tested in the field experiment. The PLS indicated six traits of particular importance for overall NUE: leaf chlorophyll (SPAD value) of the top leaf at stem elongation, grains ear^?1, ears pot^?1, straw biomass pot^?1, days between emergence and anthesis, and days between emergence and completed senescence. In the field experiment, the SPAD value of flag leaves of winter wheat around anthesis was positively correlated with NUE and total grain N, at both N levels. Fast development was positively correlated with high NUE and N uptake efficiency in spring wheat. Early senescence of the flag leaf was positively correlated with grain N concentration and negatively correlated with grain-specific N efficiency in winter wheat at low N fertilisation levels. The results indicate that high SPAD value of the top leaf might be a candidate trait that could be used in wheat breeding for improved NUE, while genetic variation in senescence could possibly be used to tailor varieties for different end-use quality when grown at low N. More studies are needed to validate these findings in other environments and for other genotypes.     

Co-application of molybdenum and selenium fertilizers increase uptake,recovery and harvest index of molybdenum and selenium in pepper crop

A pot trial was conducted to clarify the interactions of molybdenum (Mo) and selenium (Se) fertilizers on uptake, harvest index and recovery of Mo and Se by pepper crop (Capsicum frutescens L.). Mo was applied at three rates (0, 0.15 and 0.3 mg kg^?1) and Se at three rates (0, 0.4 and 0.8 mg kg^?1) in soil. Appropriate application of Mo increased Se concentrations in pepper fruit, stem, leaf and root especially in the presence of Se fertilizer. Appropriate application of Se increased Mo concentrations in pepper fruit, stem, leaf and root particularly in the presence of Mo fertilizer. Both Mo and Se had beneficial effects on harvest index and recovery of Mo and Se. These results indicated that there is significant synergetic effect on Mo and Se absorption and translocation, and co-application of these two elements is necessary to produce Mo and Se-rich pepper.     

Nitrogen and vermicompost interaction on soil and leaf nutrient status of kinnow mandarin in vertisols of Jhalawar district

A field experiment entitled “nitrogen and vermicompost interaction on soil and leaf nutrient status of kinnow mandarin in vertisols of Jhalawar district” was conducted at the Fruit Research Farm, Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar (Rajasthan) during 2012–13 to study the effect of different levels of nitrogen and vermicompost on physico-chemical properties of soil and leaf micro and macro nutrient contents of Kinnow mandarin. The result indicated that application of T₁₅ treatment i.e. nitrogen at 350 g/plant + vermicompost 20 kg/plant was found best with regard to improvement in soil physico-chemical properties like organic carbon content (0.44%), available nitrogen (N) (379.36 kgha^?1), available phosphorus (P) (25.56 kgha^?1), available potassium (393.29 kgha^?1) and reduces electrical conductivity (0.34 dSm^?1), soil pH (7.42) and calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) content percentage (15.20) of soil.     

柱失效方程中荷载相关特性对承载力抗震设计可靠度的影响

以竖向荷载和水平地震作用组合下的钢筋混凝土柱和钢柱为对象,研究了失效方程中荷载相关特性对柱承载力抗震可靠性的影响。根据现行《混凝土结构设计规范》和《钢结构设计规范》分析了不同柱弯矩轴力相关曲线的特性。结合多个框架结构实例,对比了柱失效方程中荷载相关曲线与规范考虑情形的异同。实例分析表明:水平地震和竖向荷载组合作用下,小偏压RC柱和工字型钢柱的荷载相关曲线与规范考虑的情形较为符合,均近似为负相关的直线;水平地震和竖向荷载组合作用下,大偏压RC柱的荷载相关曲线则与规范考虑的情形有较大出入,存在明显的正相关段部分。在此基础上,考虑失效方程复杂特性,依据已有的荷载和抗力变量概率模型,采用Monte Carlo法分析了水平地震和竖向荷载组合作用下柱的可靠性。结果表明:钢柱和小偏压RC柱的承载力抗震可靠度随轴压力荷载效应比值的变化幅度较小,与规范模式计算结果较接近;大偏压RC柱的承载力抗震可靠度随轴压力荷载效应比值的变化会有较大幅度波动,与规范模式计算结果差异较大;当轴压力荷载效应比值为负时,大偏压RC柱的承载力抗震可靠度会低于规范计算值较多,现行柱可靠性设计方法会偏于不安全。     

轻小型喷灌机组能耗分析与多元回归模型

为了研究配置参数对轻小型喷灌机组能耗的影响,在基于遗传算法的喷灌机组能耗计算模型基础上,以机组4.4CP-45为例,采用四因素三水平考虑交互作用的正交设计,就管道管径、喷头间距、喷头数、喷头工作压力及其交互作用对机组单位能耗的影响进行了对比分析,在此基础上建立了机组能耗的多元回归模型.研究结果表明,喷头工作压力对能耗的影响最显著,其次为管道管径,喷头数的影响也很明显,喷头间距对能耗的影响体现在与其他参数的交互作用中.4组主要的交互作用因素中,喷头间距与喷头数的作用最敏感,其后依次为管径与喷头数、喷头间距与管径、喷头间距与喷头工作压力,因而在机组配置参数的选择中,参数间交互作用不可忽略.经综合比较,机组配置参数最优组合方式为喷头间距为15 m、管径为80 mm、喷头数9个、管道末端喷头工作压力为0.25 MPa,此时机组单位能耗为4.53 kW·h/(mm·hm²),比优化前降低了22.6%,比只考虑单因素作用得到的最优组合方式降低了1.0%,且配置参数的选择更能为用户所接受.机组能耗多元回归模型复相关系数达0.88,确定性系数为0.774,比较可靠,能为喷灌工程设计及性能评价提供一定的借鉴作用.     

多级潜水泵内部压力脉动特性

为研究多级潜水泵的瞬态运行特性,基于Fluent软件,采用标准k-ε湍流模型,SIMPLEC算法,在滑移网格技术的基础上,对两级模型泵进行三维非定常数值模拟.得到了潜水泵的水力性能并与试验进行对比,计算了不同位置处的压力脉动情况,并对其结果进行了时域和频域分析.结果表明:不同位置点处压力脉动均呈现周期性变化,其周期接近叶轮叶片数,频率接近叶频,而导叶叶片数对压力脉动周期影响较小;叶轮内的脉动频率从叶轮进口到叶轮出口逐渐增加,且在叶轮出口处达到极大值,导叶中则与之相反;压力脉动最剧烈的地方在叶轮出口处,各监测点的主频几乎都为叶频;次级流道叶轮和导叶各监测点压力脉动系数幅值高于首级流道各监测点;次级流道导叶内仍存在2个波峰,压力脉动并未完全消除,两级导叶内监测点主频不同.     

基于反馈力浸入边界法的水轮机双列叶栅动态绕流特性

为了解决柔性结构体或刚性结构体与黏性流体相互作用产生的影响,采用网格生成简单,计算效率较高,适用于复杂结构外形浸入边界法进行处理,避免了贴体动网格生成的困难,相比传统的浸入边界法主要适用于柔性体,对于刚性边界问题Lai和Peskin使用反馈力近似处理.文中基于此方法对水轮机双列叶栅动态绕流特性进行数值模拟.在整个流场中使用笛卡儿自适应加密网格,利用有限差分法进行离散求解.通过数值计算,得到水轮机双列叶栅的流场分布特性以及导叶尾迹区内各流向断面压力、速度以及涡量分布的不均匀度指标.计算成果为进一步研究导叶动态绕流形成的不均匀流场对水轮机叶片流激振动的影响提供参考.     

硅磷配施对水稻土中不同磷组分含量及有效性的影响

为探明硅磷互作与土壤中磷有效性的关系,盆栽试验条件下研究不同比例硅磷配施对水稻土中不同形态磷含量及其有效性的影响。试验中硅肥和磷肥分别设3个水平,共9个处理。结果表明,硅磷配施能够对水稻土中磷组分的含量产生不同影响。中磷水平下增施硅肥可提高磷肥的有效性,减少土壤中磷的固定,但在高磷高硅水平下,可能会降低土壤磷的有效性和土壤中有效磷含量,并抑制水稻植株对水稻土中有效磷的吸收,降低其他形态磷向有效态磷的转换。在该试验条件下,中硅水平的水稻产量随着磷肥水平的提高而增加,但高硅水平水稻干物质重和穗重却在高磷的水平下降低;与对照相比,中硅高磷水平下的水稻生长和产量提高幅度最大。