基于AMMI模型分析大菱鲆选育家系基因型与环境互作效应

为选育具有普适性的优良家系和适于某一特定环境的优良大菱鲆家系,实验以大菱鲆选育F2的10个优良家系为材料,利用随机区组设计,将其推广到5个不同的实验点进行养殖实验,采用主效可加互作可乘模型(AMMI)分析方法,分析大菱鲆选育家系基因型与环境互作效应。结果显示,家系和环境互作效应(G×E)的平方和占总平方和的10.82%,达到极显著水平(P0.01),其对产量差异的影响大于家系基因型间对产量差异的影响,为家系效应的1.44倍;综合双标图AMMI模型分析和稳定性参数分析,家系G5和G8的产量较高,分别为844.796和868.888 g,稳定性参数也最小,分别为1.154 975和2.668 016,属于高产、稳产、广适应性较好的家系,其基因型适于新品系(或新品种)选育;通过双标图分析,5个实验点可被分为3组,E3为一组,E5为一组,E1、E2和E4为一组。家系G6的产量为851.768 g,在环境E3条件下最高产,适于在E3条件下推广;家系G10的产量为911.664 g,在环境E5条件下最高产,适于在E5条件下推广;而G2的产量为784.764 g,在环境E1、E2和E4条件下最高产,适于在环境E1、E2和E4条件下推广。     

Host‐specificity of the endangered thick‐shelled river mussel (Unio crassus,Philipsson 1788) and implications for conservation

相似文献   

水杨酸(SA)诱导植物对病虫害产生抗性及作用机制研究

水杨酸(SA)作为一种新型的抗病性诱导剂,其对植物病虫害的抗性诱导作用已成为研究的热点。本研究从水杨酸的基本性质及其在植物病虫害中的诱导抗性特点、水杨酸与水杨酸结合蛋白的相互作用、水杨酸介导的信号传导途径等方面初步探讨水杨酸诱导植物抗病性和抗虫性的作用机制及应用前景。     

大麦开颖性状的遗传分析Ⅲ.大麦开颖基因的等位性及非等位基因间的互作

为了探讨大麦开颖基因数、基因之间的等位性以及非等位基因间的互作,以闭颖亲本91单2与4个开颖亲本(沪1154、1430R、99-7122、扬0187)的杂种F2群体、回交BC1、BC2群体及4个开颖品种(系)互交杂种F2群体为材料,于2004年大麦开花期测量各群体内植株的开颖角度,统计分析各群体内开、闭颖植株的分离情况.结果表明:(1)沪1154、1430R、扬0187的开颖角度分别由1对、2对和3对基因控制,扬0187基因间的互作为重叠作用;99-7122遗传比较复杂,可能有2对或3对基因控制;(2)扬0187与沪1154有一对开颖等位基因,且此基因的效应较大;1430R和99-7122与其他2个开颖亲本均存在各自的非等位基因;(3)开颖性状均是由主基因控制的,同时存在多基因的修饰,闭颖表现为显性.     

Identification and multi-environment validation of resistance to Botrytis fabae in Vicia faba

The aim of this work was to find new sources of resistance to chocolate spot disease, and to validate their stability across different environments. In order to do so, a collection of 307 accessions of Vicia faba was screened for resistance to Botrytis fabae under field conditions; stability of resistance of the 40 most-resistant accessions was tested in a multi-location experiment in Austria, Chile, Egypt, France and Spain over two field seasons. Although complete resistance was not found, nine accessions showed interesting levels of incomplete resistance (ranging from 10 to 20% of average severity across environments, maximum average severity being 47.9%). Genotype × environment interaction accounted for 22% of the sum of squares of the multi-environment evaluation, revealing instability of the phenotypic expression across environments. This usually hampers the efficiency of selection and reduces the adaptability of the plant material. Three accessions stand out for their consistent resistance, both in terms of reduced disease severity and high stability, which make them good candidates for breeding programs. As for environments, those with the highest total severity mean were the most discriminant between accessions. In contrast, those with lower severity means were the most representative of the whole range of environments. It can be concluded that validation of resistance to chocolate spot in different environments is an essential step when screening for material of interest and should be taken into account for further works.     

硒与汞在冬小麦苗期的相互作用

以冬小麦为试验对象,通过盆栽试验,研究了施用不同量的外源硒、汞条件下小麦苗期硒、汞之间的相互作用.结果表明:低硒(Se1)处理对抑制小麦地上部和地下部汞的吸收优于高硒处理;汞对硒的作用取决于汞和硒的施入量,在低硒时,汞对硒表现促进作用,而在高硒时表现抑制作用.     

查尔酮合酶基因重复-歧化的遗传学效应

基因的重复-歧化是生物进化的重要机制。查尔酮合酶（CHS）是类黄酮途径的第一个关键酶,影响植物的多种性状。本文综述了CHS基因经重复-歧化后的假基因化、亚功能化、新功能化、基因互作这4种遗传学效应的表现和发生原因,并从系统发生的角度综述了亚功能化和新功能化的成员在分子进化树上的聚类式样。     

An invertebrate harmfulness scale for research on plant pest diversity and impacts

Traditional methods of quantifying the harmful effects of invertebrates on plants require time-consuming identification of large numbers of individuals at species level. Collected specimens usually are killed; this may be unacceptable for some strictly protected species and may bias the results of subsequent surveys at the same site.

We developed a “harmfulness scale” for quick, non-invasive assessment of invertebrate impacts on plants, and used the scale to test differences in invertebrate attack on species of Balsaminaceae, Polygonaceae and Asteraceae growing in lowland and mountains in Poland. In 2010–2011, we recorded 9190 invertebrates and identified them in situ to family or superfamily level. Among them were 7593 pests, accounting for 82.6% of all recorded organisms. Pests were three times more numerous in the mountains than in the lowland. Balsaminaceae were most heavily attacked by pests (92.9% of all organisms detected on them). Aphidoideae were the most numerous pests.

This method can help reduce the costs and labour required for this type of research, facilitating progress in theoretical biology and in the development of practical phytosanitary measures.     

光谱分析Q型烟粉虱化学感受蛋白CSP1与β-紫罗兰酮的相互作用

为明确烟粉虱在入侵过程中的寄主选择性与其化学感受系统对寄主植物挥发物的分子识别之间的相互作用和化学机理,通过荧光、紫外光谱和圆二色谱等技术分析了烟粉虱化学感受蛋白Bt CSP1与一种重要的植物挥发物成分—β-紫罗兰酮之间的相互作用。结果表明,β-紫罗兰酮与Bt CSP1在不同温度时的猝灭机理不同,300 K(27℃)时二者的亲和力较弱,表观结合常数KA为2.44×105L/mol,较低温290 K(17℃)和高温310 K(37℃)时的3.22×105L/mol和3.23×105L/mol均要低,表明Bt CSP1与β-紫罗兰酮在不同的温度下呈现不同的结合机理,低温时为静态猝灭,而高温时为动态猝灭。通过热力学参数和非辐射能量转移理论分析,β-紫罗兰酮与Bt CSP1蛋白结合时发生了荧光共振能量转移,结合距离为5.2 nm。圆二色谱结果显示,随着β-紫罗兰酮浓度的升高,Bt CSP1蛋白中α-螺旋比例逐渐减少,由纯蛋白时的63%下降到55.9%,二级结构发生了变化。     

基于流固耦合的隔舌位置对双流道泵综合性能的影响

为了研究隔舌位置对双流道泵水力性能与结构性能的影响,针对3种不同隔舌安放角的双流道泵进行双向流固耦合计算,结果表明:水力性能方面,隔舌位置对扬程的影响较小,而对效率的影响较大,3种方案的最大扬程差仅为0.09 m,而最大效率差达1.1%;隔舌位置主要影响隔舌圆角及往第1断面方向附近与叶轮间隙处的压力脉动程度,隔舌安放角越大,压力脉动越强;叶轮旋转1周,蜗壳所受径向力呈现周期性变化规律,叶片扫过隔舌圆角时,蜗壳所受径向力最小,转过90°时径向力达到最大值.增大隔舌安放角可显著减小蜗壳所受径向力.结构性能方面,叶轮应力集中出现在出口吸力面,蜗壳应力集中出现在隔舌圆角附近靠后盖板处,增大隔舌安放角会增加蜗壳的最大应力值,但振幅减小;双流道泵发生10^-5m量级的位移,最大位移出现在蜗壳出口处,主要受叶片通过频率的影响,呈周期变化趋势,且随着隔舌安放角的增大,蜗壳最大变形量增大,振幅减小;隔舌位置对泵的振动速度影响比较明显,增大隔舌安放角,有助于减小振动.