大豆粒形性状主效QTL、环境互作和上位性检测

【目的】定位大豆粒形性状的主效QTL、环境互作和QTL间上位性。【方法】以栽培大豆晋豆23为母本,半野生大豆灰布支黑豆（ZDD2315）为父本所衍生的447个RIL构建的SSR遗传图谱及混合线性模型分析方法,对3年大豆粒形性状进行主效QTL、环境互作和QTL间上位性检测。【结果】共检测到7个与粒长、粒宽、粒厚以及长宽比、长厚比和宽厚比相关的QTL,分别位于D2、C2、J_2和O连锁群上,其中粒长、长厚比和宽厚比均表现为遗传正效应,说明增加其等位基因来源于母本晋豆23。同时,检测到3对影响粒宽和宽厚比的加性×加性上位性互作效应及其与环境互作的QTL。【结论】主效QTL对粒形性状遗传产生的影响最大,上位性次之,环境互作最小,说明加性效应、加性×加性上位性互作是大豆粒形性状的重要遗传基础。     

利用cDNA-AFLP分析内生解淀粉芽胞杆菌 Fy11诱导辣椒差异表达基因

【目的】分析内生解淀粉芽胞杆菌（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens）Fy11诱导辣椒（Capsicum annuum）幼苗差异表达基因,了解辣椒与内生芽胞杆菌互作的分子机制。【方法】利用cDNA-AFLP技术,采用256对引物,分析辣椒幼苗接种内生解淀粉芽胞杆菌Fy11后5个时间点的基因表达谱;利用qRT-PCR分析差异基因表达模式,验证cDNA-AFLP表达谱。【结果】256对引物共产生18 620个转录本（TDF）,筛选获得353条差异表达条带,占扩增条带总数的1.89%。经克隆、测序分析,最终获得257个差异TDF,聚类分析得到229个独立基因（EST,unigenes）,其中144个基因上调表达,85个基因下调表达。经Blastx比对和功能分类分析,其中65条EST（28.38%）未找到同源性匹配,8条（3.49%）与未知功能蛋白同源性较高。其余156条EST主要涉及基础代谢基因（10.92%）;与能量和抗病与防御类相关基因,各占8.73%;信号转导基因占7.42%;转运子或转座子基因占6.99%;与细胞结构相关基因占6.55%;参与转录调控基因占5.68%;细胞生长类基因占3.93%;参与蛋白质运输和储存有8个基因,占3.49%;蛋白质合成类基因占2.18%;次生代谢类和胞间运输类基因,其数量相对较少,各占1.75%。选取与抗病防御、转录调控及信号转导类等相关的10个差异基因,qRT-PCR分析结果显示其表达模式符合cDNA-AFLP表达谱。【结论】内生细菌与植物互作的分子机制涉及植物多方面生理生化反应,包括抗病防御、转录调控、蛋白质代谢、信号转导、以及非生物胁迫等多种途径相关基因的协同控制。     

A standardized behavior test for potential guide dog puppies: Methods and association with subsequent success in guide dog training

An early understanding of behavioral suitability for guiding work in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) would be useful for organizations which train dogs as mobility aids, such as the Guide Dogs for the Blind Association. We explored the potential for a standardized test of behavior in young dogs to reflect subsequent success in guide dog training. Five hundred eighty-seven potential guide dogs were exposed to a series of eight stimuli at 6-8 weeks of age. The responses of dogs were scored on a 7-point scale according to either responsiveness to human assessor or to environmental stimuli, on stimuli comprising following when called; retrieve; gentle restraint; noise; stroking; a moving toy squirrel; encouragement to go through a tunnel; and encouragement to go over a ramp. Five of these stimuli showed some association with success in guide dog training, and three of these stimuli could be usefully combined in a logistic regression model of success in training. There is potential for this test to be used to predict suitability for guiding work but adjustments to the scoring protocol are recommended.     

协商理念视角下的微博和微视频英语教学研究

信息化时代,以传播即时、时间碎片化为特征的微博互动交流平台能够为大学英语教学注入新的活力.文章以协商理念为指导,探讨微博微视频课外教学的可行性,指出该教学模式能够将学生与学习紧密相联,师生之间能够形成一种相互信任与尊重的氛围,从而激发学生的英语学习兴趣和积极性.     

Coincidence of maximum severity of powdery mildew on grape leaves and the carbohydrate sink‐to‐source transition

Grapevine leaves infected with powdery mildew are a source of inoculum for fruit infection. Leaves emerging on a single primary shoot of Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon were exposed to average glasshouse temperatures of 18°C (0·23 leaves emerging/day) or 25°C (0·54 leaves emerging/day). All leaves on 8–10 shoots with approximately 20 leaves each were inoculated with Erysiphe necator conidia to assess disease severity after 14 days in the 25°C glasshouse. Two photosynthetic ‘source’ leaves per shoot on the remaining 8–10 shoots were treated with ¹⁴CO₂ to identify, by autoradiography, the leaf position completing the carbohydrate sink‐to‐source transition. There was a clear association between the mean modal leaf position for maximum severity of powdery mildew (position 3·7 for 18°C; position 4·4 for 25°C) and the mean position of the leaf completing the sink‐to‐source transition (position 3·8 for 18°C; position 4·7 for 25°C). The mean modal leaf position for the maximum percentage of conidia germinating to form secondary hyphae was 4·2 for additional plants grown in the 25°C glasshouse. A higher rate of leaf emergence resulted in a greater proportion of diseased leaves per shoot. A Bayesian model, consisting of component models for disease severity and leaf ontogenic resistance, had parameters representing the rate and magnitude of pathogen colonization that differed for shoots developing in different preinoculation environments. The results support the hypothesis that the population of leaves in a vineyard capable of supporting substantial pathogen colonization will vary according to conditions for shoot development.     

Effects of boron and lime on boron concentration and growth of forage legumes under greenhouse conditions

Abstract

Maximum yields of red clover, alfalfa, and birdsfoot trefoil were obtained when 0.25 to 1.0 ppm B was added to the soil. An application of lime to raise the soil pH to 5.8–6.3 improved yields, while at pH 6.8 a decline in yield in the first and second cuts of birdsfoot trefoil was noted. There was a marked B x lime interaction on the yield of all cuts of birdsfoot trefoil and first cut of red clover, with much higher yields with high rates of lime at high rates of added B.

Levels of 4 to 9 ppm B in the leaf tissue of the three crops were in the deficiency range. Boron concentrations of 21 to 45, 39 to 52, and 30 to 45 ppm in the first cuts of red clover, alfalfa, and birdsfoot trefoil were indicative of sufficiency and were associated with maximum yields, while levels of >59, >99, and >68 ppm, respectively, in the three crops were in the toxicity range. Sufficiency levels of soil B for legumes appeared to be related to pH since B deficiency was more severe at higher pH than at lower pH. Liming of soil from pH 5.3 to 6.8 resulted in decreased concentration of B in all the three crops with the smallest decreases in alfalfa. There was a marked B x lime interaction on the B concentrations of the three crops, with much higher B concentrations in high B treatments at low soil pH than at high pH values.     

鲐鱼软骨糖胺聚糖的硫酸软骨素的结构及其与生长因子的相互作用

为了开发具有药用价值的硫酸软骨素(chondroitin sulfate,CS)的新资源,从鲐鱼(Pneumatophorus japonicus Houttuyn)软骨蛋白聚糖(proteoglycan,PG)制备了糖胺聚糖(glycosaminoglycan,GAG),用酶降解和阴离子交换HPLC法测定了GAG的CS的组成及其含量,用凝胶层析法测定了GAG的分子量,用表面等离子体谐振(surface plasmon resonance,SPR)法测定了其与多效生长因子(PTN)、中期因子(MK)和肝细胞生长因子(HGF)相互作用的动力学参数结合速率常数(ka)、解离速率常数(kd)和平衡解离常数(KD)。结果显示,鲐鱼软骨GAG含量约为651μg/mgPG或1.09μmol/mgPG(按照二糖单位计算),主要含CS(1.03μmol/mgPG,按照二糖单位计算),CS酶解产生的主要二糖单位是ΔDi-6S(38.8%)和ΔDi-4S(46.3%),有少量的ΔDi-0S(8.4%)和ΔDi-diSD(6.5%)。GAG(CS)的分子量为78kD。GAG(CS)与生长因子的相互作用的动力学参数ka((mol/L)-1.s-1)、kd(s-1)和KD(nmol/L)分别为(2.77±0.17)×105、(7.74±1.56)×10-5和(0.28±0.06)(MK),(1.05±0.22)×104、(4.16±0.80)×10-3和(417±131.3)(PTN),(7.04±0.94)×105、(7.84±2.82)×10-3和(11.1±3.80)(HGF)。该GAG同MK、HGF和PTN有高的或较高的亲和性,暗示鲐鱼软骨GAG的CS有可能通过调节生长因子的信号转导途径而对某些疾病发挥治疗作用,具有潜在进一步药用开发价值。     

氮磷钾配施对花生产量的影响及效应分析研究

为探寻大花生新品种‘青花7号’的最佳施肥方案,采用三因素二次回归通用旋转组合设计方法,建立了氮、磷、钾施肥量与产量关系的效应方程。通过对回归方程的检验及效应分析,探讨了氮、磷、钾肥的单因子效应、互作效应和最佳施肥量。结果表明,施氮、磷、钾肥对花生产量具有明显的增产作用,其肥料效应顺序为钾肥>磷肥>氮肥;氮磷互作对花生产量的影响为极显著。对于试验地块种植的花生新品种‘青花7号’获得高产的最佳施肥组合为：氮肥106.08~133.92 kg/hm²,磷肥159.12~200.88 kg/hm²,钾肥为138.28~161.72 kg/hm²。     

GGE双标图对抗寒烤烟品种区域试验的分析

利用2012年南平市抗寒烤烟品种区域试验中各品种在3个不同试验点上的平均产量和平均产值,经过环境中心化后的数据,以GGE双标图的图谱形式阐述了参试品种在各试验点的表现、各试验点环境间关系、各试验点的区分力和代表性及各参试品种平均表现和稳定性。结果表明：（1）‘CB-1’在延平试验点平均产量、平均产值最高,‘NF-1’在邵武、浦城试验点平均产值最高;（2）邵武和浦城试验点之间存在紧密正相关,且与延平试验点均表现为负相关;（3）延平、浦城、邵武各试验点对参试品种均具有较强的区分能力,作为抗寒品种筛选的试验点,浦城和邵武具有较强代表性;（4）5个参试品种中‘NF-2’表现既高产量、高产值又稳定的品系,‘NF-1’表现相对高产和稳定的品系。     

虚拟变电站设计交互技术研究

通过对沈阳市供电公司东陵分公司上伯关变电站真实模拟,构建虚拟变电站系统。利用VRP虚拟现实平台实现变电站虚拟自由漫游,用户可以自行选择漫游模式。对VRP-SDK的二次开发设置脚本触发,可进行操作漫游及根据实际需求对系统中可控的电气元件进行虚拟操作,实现系统的培训功能。