Relationships Between Barley Hordeins and Malting Quality in a Mutant of cv. Triumph I. Genotype by Environment Interaction of Hordein Content

The genetic (G), environmental (E) and G×E effects on total grain protein and hordein fractions, have been studied in a mutant (TL43) and its parent cultivar, the malting barley Triumph, in various seasons at Dundee (E Scotland) and Lleida (NE Spain). The grain protein content of TL43 was consistently about 2% higher than that of Triumph across environments. Differences in hordein composition were shown by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. TL-43 had three B-hordein bands not present in Triumph which had a further three bands of the same hordein group not present in TL43. TL43 showed higher B-hordein content than Triumph in Scotland but lower in Spain, whereas the mutant showed consistently higher C- and D-hordein content than Triumph across environments, i.e. there was crossover G×E interaction for B-hordein and non-crossover for C- and D-hordein content. There were also differences in grain ultra-structure between the two lines, as TL43 showed a more dense protein matrix than Triumph, together with thinner pericarp, testa and aleurone layers. It was concluded that the mutation in TL43 had a significant effect on storage protein composition.     

魔芋精粉与瓜尔豆胶等稳定剂的协同增效作用及配比分析研究

对魔芋精粉与瓜尔豆胶、CMC-Na、海藻酸钠等增稠剂互混时协同增效作用进行了研究。结果发现：魔芋精粉和瓜尔豆胶之是存在着良好的协同增效作用，二者之间的最佳质量比为3:2，并据此应用于冰淇淋生产中。     

Is plant breeding science objective truth or social construction? The case of yield stability

This article presents a holistic framework for understanding the scienceof plant breeding, as an alternative to the common objectivist andconstructivist approaches in studies of science. It applies thisapproach to understanding disagreements about how to deal with yieldstability. Two contrasting definitions of yield stability are described,and concomitant differences in the understanding and roles ofsustainability and of selection, test, and target environments areexplored. Critical questions about plant breeding theory and practiceare posed, and answers from the viewpoint of the two contrastingdefinitions of yield stability are analyzed, based on key publicationsin the field. Differences in answers to these questions appear to resultboth from the contingencies of plant breeders' experiences withparticular crop varieties and growing environments, and from differencesin social and institutional settings – plant breeding science isboth objective truth and social construction. The goal of using aholistic framework is to encourage discussion among plant breeders,farmers, social scientists, and others, of the bases for disagreementswithin plant breeding, in order to facilitate plant breeding'scontribution to a more environmentally, economically, and sociallysustainable agriculture.     

棉花黄萎病菌与品种的互作研究

以23个棉花品种接种18个黄萎病菌株的抗感表现(病情指数)为分析对象,介绍了广义线性模型分析无重复试验互作效应的方法,并对其结果与AMMI模型分析、常规的方差分析及数据转换后的分析结果进行了比较.结果表明:常规方差分析不能对无重复试验资料分析其互作效应,广义线性模型和AMMI模型能分析无重复试验的互作效应,但广义线性模型方法是更为简便而有效方法.     

计算机实现正交试验设计的研究

本文对计算机实现正交试验设计的方法进行了研究。在此基础上,设计了正交表生成、交互作用列寻找、因素位置安排及方差分析的算法和程序结构。     

植物杀虫剂苦皮藤素Ⅳ和V混用研究

以粘虫为试虫，采用载毒叶碟法，根据不同症状指标研究了苦皮藤素Ⅳ和V的互作毒力。结果表明，苦皮藤素Ⅳ与V混用(体积比)比例在3：1～1：3时，苦皮藤素Ⅳ对苦皮藤素V的毒杀作用具有增效作用，苦皮藤素V对苦皮藤素Ⅳ的麻醉作用无明显影响。在此基础上，提出了当研究在症状学指标上有显著差异的杀虫剂间的相互作用时，应用“互作比值”的概念。     

居住区园林景观与居民之间的互动分析

调查了居住区园林景观与居民之间的相互影响,结果显示园林景观的优劣不仅能从居民的感知中得到真实的反映,且会直接影响居民的活动热情和定居意识,因而提出了建立良性互动的重要性和途径,希望能促进现代居住家园的景观营造对居民需求与主动性的关注     

萝卜胞质不结球白菜雄性不育系叶片黄化现象的研究

用2个 ogura 萝卜细胞质不结球白菜雄性不育系的衍生株系为母本,99个不结球白菜品种为父本,配组198个测交 F_1代。秋冬栽培期安排田间随机区组试验。试验发现了在 ogura 细胞质背景下不结球白菜叶片的黄化规律,其黄化程度与细胞核基因型、植株生长时期和环境温度有密切关系。方差分析表明,测交 F_1代间、父本间和母本间的平均黄化指数存在极显著差异。试验虽未筛选到叶片完全不黄化的测交组合,但发现有一些组合的黄化很轻微,有进一步研究的价值。试验还发现了几个对 Ogura 胞质黄化敏感性弱的父本好材料,其中绝大多数为青梗品种。文章讨论了进一步改良这类不育材料黄化现象的可行途径。     

简支梁式斜交矩形渡槽槽身结构受力分析

分析了简支梁式斜交矩形渡槽的结构特性,推导出了其内力及支反力的计算公式,并与正交渡槽的受力特性进行了比较。结果表明,斜交渡槽槽身正弯矩较同等跨径的正交渡槽要小,在斜支承处还会产生负弯矩,且反力分布不均匀,钝角处反力大于锐角处反力;随着斜度增大,正弯矩在减小,而扭矩却在增大,具有弯扭耦合作用的特性,建议其截面型式以抗扭能力大的箱形截面为佳。     

CRISPR/Cas9-Targeted Knockout of Rice Susceptibility Genes OsDjA2 and OsERF104 Reveals Alternative Sources of Resistance to Pyricularia oryzae

Rice genes OsDjA2 and OsERF104, encoding a chaperone protein and an APETELA2/ ethylene-responsive factor, respectively, are strongly induced in a compatible interaction with blast fungus, and also have function in plant susceptibility validated through gene silencing. Here, we reported the CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of OsDjA2 and OsERF104 genes resulting in considerable improvement of blast resistance. A total of 15 OsDjA2 (62.5%) and 17 OsERF104 (70.8%) T₀ transformed lines were identified from 24 regenerated plants for each target and used in downstream experiments. Phenotyping of homozygous T₁ mutant lines revealed not only a significant decrease in the number of blast lesions but also a reduction in the percentage of diseased leaf area, compared with the infected control plants. Our results supported CRISPR/Cas9-mediated target mutation in rice susceptibility genes as a potential and alternative breeding strategy for building resistance to blast disease.