小麦玉米带田高产平衡施肥研究

研究采用土壤养分状况系统研究法,根据土壤养分亏缺状况,平衡微量元素后确定氮磷钾的适宜用量,研究小麦玉米带田的平衡施肥方案。试验结果表明,氮、磷、钾及微量元素的平衡施用改善了小麦、玉米的经济性状,提高了小麦千粒重、玉米的穗粒数、穗粒重和千粒重;平衡微量元素后带田中限制小麦产量的主要因子是氮、磷,限制玉米产量的主要因子是氮、磷、钾;平衡施肥处理的产量、产值与纯收入均增加,其中处理N2P2K2的产值与纯收入最高,分别为17085元/hm2和15240元/hm2。综合分析结果说明,小麦玉米带田高产平衡施肥配方应为N2P2K2。     

珠芽魔芋组培快繁技术

为探索出一套适于珠芽魔芋的组培快繁技术体系,本研究以珠芽黄魔芋不同发育时期的叶片为外植体,开展组培快繁技术研究。结果表明：以开始伸出鳞片叶片作为外植体材料,75%酒精消毒30 s后,0.1% HgCl₂溶液中浸泡15 min为宜,其成活率达到96.7%;最优愈伤组织诱导培养基配方为MS+TDZ 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L+蔗糖30.0 g/L+琼脂6.0 g/L,其诱导率达到95.6%;最优不定芽诱导培养基配方为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L+蔗糖30.0 g/L+琼脂6.0 g/L,不定芽诱导率达到71.1%,单位接种质量愈伤组织分化芽数达到2.88;全展叶片苗在MS+NAA 0.25 mg/L+蔗糖15.0 g/L+琼脂 6.0 g/L培养基的生根率达到100.0%,平均根数达到1.36。以开始伸出鳞片叶片为外植体建立的珠芽黄魔芋组培快繁技术体系,达到了魔芋种苗的规模化生产技术水平,对解决珠芽魔芋产业发展中种芋供不应求的问题具有积极意义。     

栽培措施对狼尾草生长发育的影响

通过田间小区实验,研究了栽培措施(遮荫强度、移植时间和修剪时间)对观赏植物狼尾草生长的影响.结果表明:狼尾草株高和冠幅随着遮荫强度的增加而增加,但花序数却明显减少;不同移植时间对狼尾草的成活率均无影响,成活率可达100%;越冬前修剪后覆土的养护措施显著降低株高与花序数,延迟了生育期.     

Creation of two hyperactive variants of phytochrome B1 for attenuating shade avoidance syndrome in maize

Increasing the planting density of maize is an effective measure to improve its yield. However, plants under high planting density tend to trigger shade avoidance syndrome (SAS), reducing lodging resistance and ultimately yield drop. Phytochrome B (phyB) plays a dominant role in mediating shade avoidance response. This study constructed two hyperactive mutated alleles of maize PHYB1: ZmPHYB1^Y98F (mimicking Y104F of AtPHYB) and ZmPHYB1^Y359F (mimicking Y361F of AtPHYB). Ectopic expression of ZmPHYB1^Y98F and ZmPHYB1^Y359F under the control of the ZmPHYB1 promoter in the Arabidopsis phyB-9 background rendered enhanced activity on complementing the phyB-9 related phenotypes compared with ZmPHYB1^WT. Moreover, similar to the behavior of ZmPHYB1^WT, ZmPHYB1^Y98F and ZmPHYB1^Y359F proteins are localized to the nucleus after red light exposure, and could interact with PIF proteins of maize. In addition, expression of ZmPHYB1^Y98F and ZmPHYB1^Y359F variants under the control of the native ZmPHYB1 promoter attenuated SAS of maize seedlings subjected to simulated shade treatment. It effectively reduced mature maize's plant height and ear height in field conditions. The results combined demonstrate the utility of ZmPHYB1^Y98F and ZmPHYB1^Y359F for attenuating SAS and breeding high density-tolerant varieties of maize.     

生理生化法评价黄精属种质资源的耐荫性和抗寒性

研究旨在筛选出耐荫性、抗寒性较强的黄精属种质,为后续黄精耐荫、抗寒育种栽培提供合适的材料和理论依据。以来自不同地区的24份多花黄精和10份黄精为材料,测定遮荫前后的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量和4℃低温胁迫下黄精植物叶内的可溶性糖、游离蛋白质、脯氨酸、丙二醛含量,并利用隶属函数法对2种黄精的耐荫性、抗寒性进行综合评价。遮荫处理对多花黄精和黄精叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量、总叶绿素含量和叶绿素a/b值均无显著影响。隶属函数法分析发现,来自安徽青阳和广西宜州的多花黄精种质耐荫性最优,综合评定值为0.65。黄精的可溶性糖、游离蛋白、脯氨酸含量平均值为1.42%、2.20%、8.13%;多花黄精的可溶性糖、游离蛋白、脯氨酸含量平均值为1.03%、1.64%、6.28%,表明黄精抗寒性比多花黄精更强;其中河南灵宝寺河村地区的黄精种质抗寒性最强,云南大理地区的多花黄精抗寒性次之,综合评定值分别为0.62、0.56。可将安徽青阳、广西宜州地区的种质作为耐荫品种选育栽培的良好材料,河南灵宝寺河村、云南大理地区的种质作为抗寒品种选育栽培的良好材料。