枯草芽孢杆菌CAB-1抑菌蛋白对黄瓜白粉病的防治作用

采用子叶喷雾法分别测定了枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis CAB-1所产抑菌蛋白粗提物对黄瓜白粉病的保护和治疗生物活性。结果表明该抑菌蛋白粗提物能显著降低黄瓜白粉病的病情指数,其保护和治疗作用的效果分别为73.33%和76.85%;EC50分别为175μg.mL-1和125μg.mL-1。利用曲利苯兰染色法检测抑菌蛋白粗提物对黄瓜白粉菌Sphacrotheca fuliginea生长的影响,结果表明该抑菌蛋白粗提物能有效降低白粉菌分生孢子的萌发率及萌发的芽管个数,造成菌丝顶端畸形膨大呈球状并减少新生分生孢子的个数。接菌3 d后,对照的孢子萌发率为36.98%,而经抑菌蛋白粗提物处理后的孢子萌发率仅为4.8%;接菌7 d后对照每个分生孢子梗上串生孢子个数最多为7个,多数5～6个;而抑菌蛋白粗提物处理后每个分生孢子梗上串生孢子个数最多为2个,大部分为1个。     

脂溶性茶多酚中的主要活性组分及对人卵巢癌HO-8910细胞株的体外抑制活性

利用高速逆流色谱对脂溶性茶多酚中的主要活性组分进行分离和纯化,获得了一种新的单取代的长碳链脂溶性儿茶素表没食子儿茶素-3-O-没食子酸-4'-棕榈酸酯,并对其分子结构进行了元素分析、IR、MS和1H-NMR等表征。药理学实验考察并比较了脂溶性的表没食子儿茶素-3-O-没食子酸-4'-棕榈酸酯、水溶性的绿茶多酚和脂溶性茶多酚对人卵巢癌HO-8910细胞株的体外抑制活性。结果表明,单取代的EGCG棕榈酸酯的活性比脂溶性茶多酚强,而与绿茶多酚相当。     

一株茶树根际细菌的鉴定与生防效果研究

炭疽病是茶树的重要病害之一,对茶叶的生长和产量造成严重的危害.目前该病的防治主要依靠化学药剂,开发生物防治产品是推广茶树绿色防控技术主要措施之一.用生理生化特征分析和分子生物学技术鉴定一株茶树根际生防菌JT68,评估其对茶炭疽病菌的抑菌效果以及菌液对菌丝生长和孢子萌发的影响.用对扣法检测该菌株的挥发性有机物对茶炭疽菌的...     

Inhibitory and promotive allelopathy in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Studies on allelopathic rice, which inhibits the germination and development of weeds such as barnyardgrass ( Echinochloa spp.) and ducksalad [ Heteranthera limosa (Sw.) Wild.], have been strongly conducted in the USA, the Philippines, Japan, Korea, and other countries since the 1980s. Weed-suppressing rice plants can compete with weeds for light and mineral nutrients by their rapid and thick growth characteristics, and probably also by their allelopathic effects. It was suggested that allelopathic properties were inherited from parents. Different screening methods for finding allelopathic rice simply and rapidly have been proposed. In contrast, stimulative allelopathy in rice, which promotes germination of the dormant and dormancy-awakened seeds of Monochoria vaginalis (Burm. f.) Kunth var. vaginalis , has been investigated by the authors since the 1990s. Rice seeds promoted the germination in the dark and in light under submerged conditions. Our experiments suggested that rice seeds, hulls, plants and straw contain stimulative substance(s) that promote seed germination of M. vaginalis .     

Denitrification characteristics of pond sediments in a Chinese agricultural watershed

Ponds are widely distributed in rice-based agricultural watersheds, particularly in southern China, and may play an important role in nitrate (     ) removal. However, the denitrification rate of pond sediment, measured using the acetylene (C₂H₂) inhibition technique, indicated that the amount of nitrogen removed by denitrification accounted for <1% of the total nitrogen applied. The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of sediment depth and temperature on denitrification of pond sediment using the C₂H₂ inhibition technique. The highest denitrification potential was found in the upper 5 cm of sediment, but this only accounted for approximately 34% of the total denitrification of the upper 0–30 cm of sediment, suggesting that sediment denitrification potential would be underestimated if only the upper 5 cm of sediment was measured. The denitrification potential was low and showed a weak response over a temperature range of 6–18°C, whereas denitrification increased significantly from 18 to 30°C, indicating that denitrification may play an important role in the removal of     in warm seasons. A comparison of the     disappearance and C₂H₂ inhibition methods showed that they were significantly ( P  < 0.01) and positively correlated. However, the C₂H₂ inhibition method gave only approximately 25% of the values determined by the     disappearance method.     

Semi-Synthesis,Cytotoxic Evaluation,and Structure—Activity Relationships of Brefeldin A Derivatives with Antileukemia Activity

Brefeldin A (1), a potent cytotoxic natural macrolactone, was produced by the marine fungus Penicillium sp. (HS-N-29) from the medicinal mangrove Acanthus ilicifolius. Series of its ester derivatives 2–16 were designed and semi-synthesized, and their structures were characterized by spectroscopic methods. Their cytotoxic activities were evaluated against human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cell line in vitro, and the preliminary structure–activity relationships revealed that the hydroxy group played an important role. Moreover, the monoester derivatives exhibited stronger cytotoxic activity than the diester derivatives. Among them, brefeldin A 7-O-2-chloro-4,5-difluorobenzoate (7) exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on the proliferation of K562 cells with an IC₅₀ value of 0.84 µM. Further evaluations indicated that 7 induced cell cycle arrest, stimulated cell apoptosis, inhibited phosphorylation of BCR-ABL, and thereby inactivated its downstream AKT signaling pathway. The expression of downstream signaling molecules in the AKT pathway, including mTOR and p70S6K, was also attenuated after 7-treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, molecular modeling of 7 docked into 1 binding site of an ARF1–GDP-GEF complex represented well-tolerance. Taken together, 7 had the potential to be served as an effective antileukemia agent or lead compound for further exploration.     

啶氧菌酯对辣椒炭疽病菌室内抑制与田间防效

为探究啶氧菌酯对辣椒炭疽病原(Collerotrichum gloeosporioides)的活性抑制效果和田间防效,采用室内孢子萌发法和生长速率法分别测定啶氧菌酯对辣椒炭疽病菌丝生长、孢子产生和孢子萌发的抑制作用;采用大田药剂试验分别测定啶氧菌酯对辣椒炭疽病发病率的抑制作用及对辣椒的增产效果。结果表明,25%啶氧菌酯SC可显著抑制辣椒炭疽病菌丝生长、孢子产生和孢子萌发,抑制效果最好。药后3、7和14 d对辣椒炭疽病的大田防效显著。对辣椒经济产量（辣椒红果）增加率最明显,红果干鲜重、产量增加率、单株红果干鲜重增加率,均为最高,对辣椒红果干鲜产量增加率幅度表现一致。建议在栽培管理应用中,在辣椒结果期的初期,喷施25%啶氧菌酯SC,预防辣椒炭疽病,且促进辣椒红果的转化,提高红果数。在结果期的中期,可再次喷施25%啶氧菌酯SC,提高辣椒红果的生物量,进一步提高辣椒经济产量。     

提取剂对大蒜鳞茎提取液抑制黄瓜枯萎病的效应

为反映提取剂类型对大蒜鳞茎提取液抑菌能力的影响,用水、乙醇,丙三醇作为大蒜鳞茎杀菌物质的提取剂,采用孢子萌发法对黄瓜镰刀菌枯萎病菌孢子抑杀.研究结果表明,3种提取溶剂制成的大蒜鳞茎提取液对枯萎病菌孢子抑制的EC50值分别为0.2884%、0.2818%和0.2454%,较低的提取液浓度达到了较好的抑菌效果.水、乙醇、丙三醇都可以作为大蒜鳞茎的提取剂,3种提取溶剂的大蒜鳞茎提取液毒力相当,孢子抑制萌发率随着大蒜鳞茎提取液浓度增加而升高.     

基于酶抑法的农产品农药残留快速检测系统及影响因素分析

为快速检测农产品农药残留,开发了基于酶抑制法的农产品农药残留快速检测系统。该检测系统由固体光源、样品池、单片机测量电路板及微机等组成,通过测量经酶抑制反应后样品液的吸光度值实现农产品中农药残留的快速检测。研究了吸光度随反应时间的变化关系、温度对酶活性的影响及农药残留浓度与酶抑制率的关系。结果表明吸光度随反应时间逐渐增加,反应前期增速快,线性度好,适合测量;酶在20～40℃时具有最佳的活性,灵敏度高;农药残留对酶的抑制作用明显,当抑制率高于70%时可判定农药残留超标。