香根草的引种及抗逆性栽培试验

香根草Vetiver zizanioides发达的网状根系,以及净化水体、抗污染的生物学特性使其成为水土保持、改善环境的先锋植物。湖北省林业科学研究院于2003年开始对该草种进行了引种栽培试验。笔者从香根草的生物学特性及抗逆性方面阐述了香根草的推广利用价值。     

小肽对大黄鱼仔鱼生长和小肠发育的影响及其在低温胁迫下的抗氧化应激效应

本试验分为生长试验和低温胁迫试验2部分.先分别投喂大黄鱼(Larimichthys cro-cea)仔鱼经不同浓度(0、0.5、1.0、2.0和3.0 mL/m3)小肽营养强化后的轮虫和卤虫12 d,以探讨小肽对大黄鱼仔鱼生长和小肠发育的影响;再将大黄鱼仔鱼暴露在温度为12℃的水体中24 h,以探讨小肽对低温胁迫下大黄...     

Microsatellite marker isolation and cultured strain identification in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Carassius auratus gibelio</Emphasis>

Microsatellites have become the preferred molecular markers for strain selection and genetic breeding in fish. In this study a total of 105 microsatellites were isolated and identified in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) by microsatellite sequence searches in GenBank and other databases and by screening and sequencing of positive clones from the genomic library enriched for AG and GATA repeats. Moreover, nineteen microsatellites were randomly selected to design locus-specific primer pairs, and these were successfully used to identify and discriminate different cultured strains of gibel carp including strains A, D, L, and F. Three different types of microsatellite pattern were distinguished by the number and length of fragments amplified from the 19 primer pairs, and some microsatellite primer pairs were found to produce different microsatellite patterns among strains and strain-specific fragments. In addition, some duplicated alleles were also detected in two microsatellite patterns. Therefore, the current study provides direct molecular markers to discriminate among different cultured strains for selective breeding and aquaculture practice of gibel carp.     

Effect of dietary vitamin B6 supplementation on growth and intestinal microflora of juvenile golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus)

In order to investigate the dietary vitamin B₆ (VB₆) requirement for juvenile golden pompano, an experiment of six different diets with six dietary VB₆ levels (0, 3.75, 7.47, 10.6, 13.7 and 18.5 mg/kg) was conducted. The results indicated that the content of dietary VB₆ significantly increased weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR; p < 0.05). Golden pompano fed diet containing 7.47 mg/kg VB₆ achieved the maximum ALT, AST, GPx, hepatic VB₆ concentrations as well as the minimum MDA, however, the ALT, AST, GPx and hepatic VB₆ concentrations decreased while MDA increased with a further increase in dieatry VB₆. The highest values of GR and POD occurred at the 10.6 and 13.7 mg/kg dietary VB₆ (p < 0.05) respectively. A diet supplemented with 7.47 mg/kg VB₆ increased intestinal Na⁺, K⁺‐ATPase, Chymotrypsin, γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase, creatine kinase and amylase activities (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Tenericutes and Bacteroidetes decreased while Proteobacteria and Firmicutes improved with an increase in dietary VB₆ levels up to 7.47 mg/kg. Quadratic regression analysis on WGR, hepatic VB₆ concentrations, AST and ALT indicated that the optimum dietary VB₆ levels for juvenile golden pompano were 8.84–9.28 mg/kg.     

三种环棱螺形态学比较研究

为了快速准确鉴别梨形环棱螺(Bellamya purificata)、铜锈环棱螺(B.aeruginosa)与角形环棱螺(B.angularia),本研究采用多种形态度量法,对梨形、铜锈与角形环棱螺的外部形态可量性状进行研究与分析。结果显示:三种环棱螺成体中,梨形环棱螺的体高和体宽均大于铜锈环棱螺和角形环棱螺,而铜锈环棱螺和角形环棱螺在体高上差异不大,但在体宽上角形环棱螺显著大于铜锈环棱螺。主成分分析结果显示,前三个主成分累积贡献率高达92.62%,这三个主成分主要反映躯体外部轮廓、体高和体宽,第一主成分贡献率为75.06%,表明躯体外部轮廓是区分三种环棱螺类的主要依据。判别分析结果显示,角形环棱螺、梨形环棱螺、铜锈环棱螺判别函数的综合判别率高达99.3%。     

中国大陆沿海六水系绒螯蟹(中华绒螯蟹和日本绒螯蟹)群体亲缘关系:RAPD指纹标记

用 4 8个具有丰富多态性的 10碱基随机引物对辽河、黄河、长江、瓯江、珠江和南流江的中华绒螯蟹和日本绒螯蟹的 6个群体进行RAPD分析。结果发现 :(1)两个引物具有群体特异性带 ,其中Z2扩增的 880bp片段为珠江蟹和南流江蟹群体中所特有 ,而 70 0bp片段为长江蟹、辽河蟹、黄河蟹和瓯江蟹所特有 ,可作为区别日本绒螯蟹和中华绒螯蟹的分子遗传标记 ;(2 )Opp17扩增的 94 7bp片段的出现频率 ,在长江、黄河和辽河群体显著地从南到北递减 ,长江蟹 87.50 %、黄河蟹4 1.66%、辽河蟹 10 .83%。这一遗传渐变的度量可作为区别这三个水系的中华绒螯蟹种群的判据 ;(3) 6水系群体内的平均遗传相似度依次为 :辽河蟹 0 .90 8>南流江蟹 0 .897>瓯江蟹和珠江蟹 0 .895>黄河蟹 0 .890 >长江蟹 0 .850 ;6群体间遗传距离及其UPGMA、NJ聚类分析进一步表明 ,南流江蟹、珠江蟹同长江蟹、辽河蟹及黄河蟹在基因组之间存在明显的歧化。     

Regeneration of adventitious shoots from mature stored cotyledons of Japanese plum (Prunus salicina Lind1)

Adventitious shoot regeneration from mature stored cotyledons of Japanese plum (Prunus salicina Lind1) was achieved in vitro. The influences of the presence and absence of the light, different concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ) and benzyladenine (BA) in the culture media, TDZ pretreatments and different basal salts on shoot regeneration were evaluated. TDZ was more effective in inducing shoot regeneration from mature stored cotyledons than BA. Dark incubation significantly increased the regeneration frequencies. Quoirin/Lepoivre (QL) basal salts stimulated shoot regeneration more than woody plant (WPM) or B5 salts did. The frequency of adventitious shoot formation varied among the varieties and the regeneration ability appeared to be genotype depended. The frequency of regeneration under the optimum tested conditions for ‘Bruce’, ‘Shiro’, ‘Redheart’, ‘Gladstone’ and ‘Early Golden’ cotyledons were 66.7%, 46.7%, 43.3%, 26.7% and 6.7%, respectively.     

林改宗地数据的网络共享与管理

随着集体林权制度改革的全面展开,宗地信息的网络共享与管理成为一个急需解决的问题。以昆明市宜良县林权制度改革宗地数据为例,基于ASP+HTML+Microsoft SQL Server,采用B/S结构设计实现了宗地数据的网络共享与管理。ASP开发简单而且直观,开发过程易于HTML集成。系统操作简单,维护方便,可让不同用户通过网络获取所需的宗地信息,以及对数据进行管理与维护。     

中国主栽水稻品种微卫星标记数据库的初步构建

以前期筛选的微卫星标记为基础,并在4个染色体上增加新标记,进一步检测了63个主栽常规稻品种和杂交稻亲本,推荐了24个微卫星标记（每条染色体2个）作为水稻品种鉴别的标记;除了63个常规稻品种和杂交稻亲本外,这24个标记还应用于检测41个主栽杂交稻组合,并确定了各个标记在试验材料中检测到的等位基因类型。通过杂交稻组合与其亲本的标记匹配性检验,确认了杂交稻母本的高真实性,提高了恢复系数据的可靠性,剔除了1个假杂交稻,建立了103个水稻材料×24个标记的主栽水稻品种微卫星标记数据库,并分析了数据库中各个标记、各组材料的多态性表现。此外,还讨论了材料真实性和典型性对数据库构建的影响,提出了水稻品种间差异判别标准的建议及其应用风险和解决途径。     

硼肥在水稻生产上应用效果对比试验

通过在水稻苗期、初花期、齐穗期和灌浆期喷施不同种类的硼肥与空白对照进行对比试验,结果表明:喷施硼肥可增强植株的抗逆性,有利于减少水稻病害的发生,还可改善株型,增强抗倒伏能力;喷施硼肥可以增加水稻的株高、穗长、分蘖数、穗粒数、结实率和千粒重,可以提高水稻产量,各处理的产量均高于对照,增产55.2～93.4 kg/667 m2,增产率12.4%～17.6%,其中产量最高的是速乐硼30 g/667 m2,实际产量达624.1 kg/667 m2,增产率17.6%,增产效果显著。