液相色谱-电喷雾质谱联用检测蜂蜜中四种硝基呋喃类代谢物

介绍了高效液相色谱电喷雾多级质谱(LC/MSn) 同时快速、准确测定蜂蜜中呋喃西林、呋喃唑酮、呋喃它酮和呋喃妥英4种硝基呋喃类抗生素代谢物。硝基呋喃类代谢物在酸性条件下经过邻硝基苯甲醛衍生化, 液相萃取后经色谱分离, 利用二级质谱进行定性和定量。加标样品平均回收率达到64% ~79%, 定量下限(LOQ) 为0 1~1μg·kg-1, 检测限(LOD) 达到0 05~0 5μg·kg-1。该方法测定结果满足欧盟(EU)对进口动物源性食品中硝基呋喃类抗生素的残留要求。     

一株蓝麻黄拮抗内生真菌的分离鉴定及代谢物的初步分析

[目的]分离获得对农作物致病菌有高效拮抗作用的植物内生菌,并对其进行系统鉴定和代谢成分分析.[方法]用研磨法从蓝麻黄中分离内生真菌,并用琼脂扩散法筛选具有抗农作物致病菌活性的内生真菌;利用菌株形态特征和ITS-5.8S rDNA序列分析进行拮抗菌鉴定,经酚硫酸法测定多糖含量.[结果]从蓝麻黄中分离得到5株内生真菌,其中XJEG-GF-79对葡萄白腐病菌的抑菌圈直径为23 mm.经形态学观察和分子分类学分析鉴定,内生拮抗真菌XJEG-GF-79与Pleosporaceae sp. SN-2008同源性达到100;,该菌株代谢产物中含有生物碱和多糖,其经测定,发酵液中多糖含量为1.914 mg/mL.[结论]蓝麻黄内生真菌XJEG-GF-79对葡萄白腐病菌有明显的拮抗作用,最终鉴定为链格孢霉 Pleosporaceae sp..     

银杏离体培养生产次生代谢物研究进展

银杏是原产我国的重要药用植物,主要含黄酮类和银杏内酯类等药用成分.由叶片提取药用成分受到含量低、提取工艺复杂、成本高等问题的限制.通过离体培养生产黄酮和银杏内酯近年取得了一定进展,对影响愈伤组织诱导、固体继代培养和液体悬浮培养愈伤组织生长和代谢产物含量的因素,如基本培养基、植物激素、矿质元素、有机营养和有机附加物、褐变抑制剂、培养条件等有了较深入了解.银杏的发根培养也在近年取得了成功.该文从上述几个方面对银杏的组织和细胞培养进行了评述.     

骆驼蓬提取物对松材线虫的生物活性及生理效应

 为寻找创制新型生物合理杀线虫剂提供活性模板化合物和理论基础，首次报道广泛分布于中国西北地区的荒漠抗逆植物骆驼蓬对松材线虫的生物活性及生理效应。松枝水培试验结果表明，骆驼蓬种子正丁醇萃取物250 ?g·ml-1处理后，松枝蒸腾强度、流脂量级别和病情指数均与清水对照差异不显著，对松材线虫病害的控制效果明显优于石油醚萃取物、氯仿萃取物和水萃取物。从正丁醇萃取物中分离获得骆驼蓬总碱、骆驼蓬碱、去氢骆驼蓬碱和馏分A1～A8。毒力测定表明，骆驼蓬碱、馏分A1和A6是骆驼蓬杀线虫的主要活性成分，处理后48 h，对松材线虫(混合虫龄)LC50分别为135.74、160.40和86.02 ?g·ml-1。正丁醇萃取物、骆驼蓬总碱、骆驼蓬碱、去氢骆驼蓬碱、馏分A1和A6均能显著抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶和酸性磷酸酯酶活性，但对碱性磷酸酯酶活性无显著影响，对 -和 -乙酸萘酯羧酸酯酶活性有不同程度的抑制作用，以100 ?g·ml-1处理松材线虫后6 h，乙酰胆碱酯酶比活力抑制率为50.15%～73.14%，对酸性磷酸酯酶活性的抑制率为38.56%～48.37%。抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶活性可能是骆驼蓬提取物主要杀线虫机理之一。     

Effects of Bacillus amylolyticus on Rumen Dry Matter Digestibility,Fermentation Parameters and Metabolites of Dairy Cows北大核心CSCD

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of Bacillus amylolyticus on rumen dry matter digestibility, fermentation parameters and metabolites of dairy cows. Experiment 1: six dairy cows with permanent fistula and had the similar parity (2 to 3 fetuses), body weight [(662 ±57) kg], lactation days [(160 ± 22) d] and milk yield [(36.1 ±3.8) kg / d], were randomly divided into 3 groups with 2 cows per group. Using 3 ×3 Latin square design, each group was extra fed 0 (control group), 5 ×109 and 5 ×1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus, the trial period was 3 periods, 13 days for each period, including 10 days for the pre-trial period and 3 days for the trial period. At the beginning of the trial period, the rumen dry matter digestibility of cows was measured by nylon bag method. Experiment 2: thirty dairy cows with similar parity [(2.5 ±0.3) fetuses], initial body weight [(559.2 ± 7. 4) kg], milk yield [(35. 2 ± 1. 5) kg / d] and lactation days [(99 ± 22) d] were randomly divided into three groups with 10 cows in each group. Cows in the 3 groups were extra fed with 0 (control group), 5 ×109 and 5 ×1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus, respectively. The pre-trial period was 10 days and the trial period was 42 days. The rumen fluid was collected on the last day of the trial period, and the rumen fermentation parameters and metabolites were determined. The results showed as follows: compared with the control group, 1) supplementary feeding of 5 × 1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly improve the rumen dry matter digestibility of dairy cows at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h (P <0.05), supplementary feeding of 5 ×109 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly improve the rumen dry matter digestibility of dairy cows at 36 and 48 h (P <0.05); 2) supplementary feeding of 5 ×109 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly increase the contents of isobutyric acid, butyric acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid, total volatile fatty acid and microbial protein in the rumen of dairy cows (P < 0. 05), supplementary feeding of 5 × 1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly increase the contents of isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid in the rumen of dairy cows and significantly reduce the rumen acetic acid / propionic acid (P < 0. 05), supplementary feeding of 5 ×109 and 5 ×1010 Bacillus amylolyticus had no effects on rumen pH and ammonia nitrogen content (P >0.05); 3) eleven metabolic pathways related to differential metabolites were detected, and ascorbic acid and alginate metabolism were significantly enriched (P < 0. 05) . In conclusion, Bacillus amylolyticus can increase the rumen dry matter digestibility, and improve the rumen fermentation function of dairy cows by affecting the content of rumen metabolites. By comprehensive analysis, supplementary feeding of 5 × 109 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus can achieve better effect. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.     

The Immune System of Marine Organisms as Source for Drugs against Infectious Diseases

The high proliferation of microorganisms in aquatic environments has allowed their coevolution for billions of years with other living beings that also inhabit these niches. Among the different existing types of interaction, the eternal competition for supremacy between the susceptible species and their pathogens has selected, as part of the effector division of the immune system of the former ones, a vast and varied arsenal of efficient antimicrobial molecules, which is highly amplified by the broad biodiversity radiated, above any others, at the marine habitats. At present, the great recent scientific and technological advances already allow the massive discovery and exploitation of these defense compounds for therapeutic purposes against infectious diseases of our interest. Among them, antimicrobial peptides and antimicrobial metabolites stand out because of the wide dimensions of their structural diversities, mechanisms of action, and target pathogen ranges. This revision work contextualizes the research in this field and serves as a presentation and scope identification of the Special Issue from Marine Drugs journal “The Immune System of Marine Organisms as Source for Drugs against Infectious Diseases”.     

Plant secondary metabolites, biphenyl, and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin effects on aerobic polychlorinated biphenyl removal and microbial community structure in soils

Biphenyl and several plant secondary metabolites (PSM) (carvone, isoprene, limonene, naringin, and coumarin) and surfactant (hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, (HP-β-CD)) have been shown to improve aerobic polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) removal by several bacterial species. The objective of this study was to determine whether these treatments also affect PCB removal and microbial community structure in a high organic matter soil (Pahokee soil series with 67% organic matter) and low organic matter soil (Woolper soil series with 6% organic matter), as determined by monitoring changes in PCB levels and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) profiles in laboratory microcosms amended with these compounds. Biphenyl enhanced di-chlorinated and tri-chlorinated biphenyl removal in both soils, but PSM did not improve removal of these congeners. On the contrary, HP-β-CD decreased PCB removal when used in combination with biphenyl. Two-way analysis of variance indicated that HP-β-CD significantly increased tetra- and penta-chlorinated biphenyl removal from the high organic matter soil, but not from the low organic matter soil. Principal components analysis of PLFA data indicated that HP-β-CD increased proportions of 18:1ω7c associated with Gram-negative bacteria, but decreased 10me16 and 10me17 lipid associated with Gram-positive bacteria, while biphenyl and PSMs had no detectable effects on soil microbial communities. PCB removal was not correlated to any PLFA. In conclusion, PSM previously shown to enhance PCB removal in soil-free systems were not effective in two divergent soils evaluated in this study, and HP-β-CB had increase, decrease, or no effect on PCB removal depending on types of PCB congeners, soils, and co-amendments.     

生态条件和种质因素对初烤烟叶次生代谢产物含量的影响

【目的】分析生态条件和种质因素对烤烟次生代谢产物含量的影响,为低危害烟叶生产提供理论依据。【方法】从贵州道真县、威宁县、盘县和天柱县采集K326、云烟87和贵烟1号3个烟草品种的C3F和B2F等级烟叶初烤样品,测定不同烟叶样本有机酸类、生物碱、多酚类、甾醇类物质等主要次生代谢产物含量,分析烤烟次生代谢产物含量的品种和地区差异性。【结果】同一地区3个品种(系)间的有机酸和生物碱含量差异不显著;道真县和盘县不同品种间烟叶多酚类物质含量、威宁县和盘县不同品种间烟叶甾醇类物质含量的差异均不显著;威宁县、天柱县不同品种间烟叶多酚类物质含量和道真县、天柱县不同品种间烟叶甾醇类物质含量的差异达显著或极显著水平。不同地区不同品种烟叶间的有机酸、生物碱、多酚和甾醇类物质含量差异明显,地区间烟叶主要次生代谢产物总含量的差别明显大于品种间。【结论】生态条件对烟叶次生代谢产物含量影响明显,种质因素对烟叶次生代谢产物含量影响较小。     

Neuroprotective Metabolites from Vietnamese Marine Derived Fungi of Aspergillus and Penicillium Genera

Low molecular weight secondary metabolites of marine fungi Aspergillus flocculosus, Aspergillus terreus and Penicillium sp. from Van Phong and Nha Trang Bays (Vietnam) were studied and a number of polyketides, bis-indole quinones and terpenoids were isolated. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by 1D and 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS techniques. Stereochemistry of some compounds was established based on ECD data. A chemical structure of asterriquinone F (6) was thoroughly described for the first time. Anthraquinone (13) was firstly obtained from a natural source. Neuroprotective influences of the isolated compounds against 6-OHDA, paraquat and rotenone toxicity were investigated. 4-Hydroxyscytalone (1), 4-hydroxy-6-dehydroxyscytalone (2) and demethylcitreoviranol (3) have shown significant increasing of paraquat- and rotenone-treated Neuro-2a cell viability and anti-ROS activity.     

棉籽中敌草隆及其代谢产物残留量的测定方法

为解决传统方法检测棉籽中敌草隆及其代谢物残留量时存在受杂质干扰强烈的弊病,采取将敌草隆及其代谢物全部转化为3,4-DCA后,用气谱法进行测定。结果表明,这个方法可准确测得敌草隆及其代谢物的残留量,精密度高,重现性好,杂质干扰极好。