海南尖峰岭大果紫檀心材比例及精油成分组成

大果紫檀最早于20世纪60年代引种至我国,是南方地区近年来推广种植的重要珍贵用材树种之一,其心材在医药、家具制作等行业具有重要应用,目前生长良好,然而心材形成方面的信息则鲜见报道。本文采用标准木的调查方法,分析了海南尖峰岭47年生大果紫檀心材形成情况、心材比例、心材精油含量及成分组成。研究结果表明,所有标准木均已自然形成了心材,30 cm高度处心材比例范围为58.77%~69.14%,精油含量范围为1.51%~1.85%;从心材精油中共分离出42种成分,鉴定30种。醇类是心材精油成分中含量最高的类别,约占总含量的92.78%,其次是烷烃类,约占总含量的0.70%。心材精油中含量最高的成分是β-桉叶醇,其相对含量为55.68%,其次是α-桉叶醇,相对含量为11.14%,再次是金合欢醇和反式橙花叔醇,相应的相对含量依次为9.64%和7.46%。大果紫檀能在我国自然形成心材,并且心材精油含有多种珍贵药用成分,该研究结果为大果紫檀心材资源的综合利用提供了科学依据。     

不同施肥条件下不同作物对重金属土壤铜的修复效果及作用

为了研究植物对重金属Cu污染土壤的修复作用,采用盆栽试验,在不同的施肥条件下,对玉米、蓖麻、高粱、向日葵4种作物成熟期根、茎、叶、穗中Cu的富集量以及修复后土壤中重金属Cu的含量进行测定。结果表明,对于玉米、高粱、向日葵3种作物来说,最好的修复方式是施腐殖酸(F),而蓖麻最好的施肥方式是施菌肥(J);4种作物对重金属Cu富集量从高到低依次为:玉米>高粱>向日葵>蓖麻,相应地土壤中剩余的重金属Cu含量从高到低依次为:蓖麻>向日葵>高粱>玉米;4种作物修复重金属Cu污染土壤效果较好的处理为玉米(Cu+F)、高粱(Cu+F)、向日葵(Cu+F)、蓖麻(Cu+J)。     

兰州市高校校园绿地群落物种组成及多样性分析

初步尝试采用天然群落样带调查法对兰州市几所具有代表性高校校园绿地群落进行调查,分析其物种组成、重要值及多样性等特征,为城市生态学研究及校园绿化建设提供理论根据。调查结果表明:5所院校绿化树种中被子植物种类数量均占绝对优势,裸子植物偏少,以蔷薇科、杨柳科、蝶形花科植物为主,显示出北方地域植被的特点;除甘肃农业大学外,其它4所院校绿化树种中的乡土种比例均高于栽培和外来种;甘肃省委党校校园物种种类丰富,均匀度指数较大,多样性较高;其它4所院校绿地群落多样性水平均不高。5所院校校园乔木层、灌木层Shannon-Weiner指数(H’)和Simpon指数的统计结果基本一致。     

印度Leh地区沙棘籽油中脂肪酸测定

本文分析了印度Leh地区沙棘籽油中脂肪酸各成分的含量,结果显示沙棘种子含油量为17.61%,籽油富含油酸(23.012%)和亚油酸(30.162%).     

21个粮饲兼用型青贮玉米在河南的品种比较试验

为选出适合河南地区种植的青贮玉米品种,采用随机法对21个玉米品种(每个玉米品种5个重复)进行分区组种植,以研究其生物学产量、籽粒产量、抗倒伏性和品质,及其各农艺性状的相关关系。结果表明:1)以京科青贮932、伟科106的生物学产量和籽粒产量最高,且具有良好的抗倒伏性能。2)伟科106、京科青贮932有较高的粗蛋白、粗脂肪和淀粉含量,而中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的含量较低,品质较优。3)生物学产量与绿叶数、绿叶重、株高、茎粗和茎重、穗重呈极显著正相关,籽粒产量与绿叶数、绿叶重、茎粗和茎重、穗重呈极显著正相关,生物学产量与籽粒产量也呈极显著正相关。因此,选用绿叶多和绿叶重、茎重和茎粗、穗部产量均优且有一定植株高度的品种有利于获得高产;粗蛋白与粗脂肪、淀粉含量呈正相关。从生物学产量、籽粒产量、品质、抗倒伏性能和农艺性状方面综合考虑,京科青贮932和伟科106表现最佳,适宜作为全株青贮玉米品种和粮饲兼用品种在河南地区推广种植。     

Growth, slaughter performance and feeding behaviour of young bulls belonging to three native cattle breeds raised in the Alps

Most studies on lactation curves only consider milk yield and describe a standard lactation curve of dairy cows, showing a peak or maximum daily yield occurring between 4 and 8 weeks after calving, followed by a daily decrease in milk yield until the cow is dried off. Wood's model is a widely used lactation curve function. Wood's model was fitted to test-day records of 95,405 lactations of parities lower than 5. Milk traits were milk yield (MY), fat percentage (F%), protein percentage (P%), fat yield (FY) and protein yield (PY), and the lactation curve was individually considered as a cluster of five linked curves. Milk trait and parity influence the goodness of fit of Wood's model. In 19.3% of the lactations, the shape of the MY, FY and PY curves follows the standard lactation curve while F% and P% have the reversed standard shape. The initial phase of lactation with the FY and PY curves contributes to the high variability of shapes.     

甜菜碱对生长肥育猪胴体组成的影响及其机理研究进展

甜菜碱是一种广泛存在于动植物体内的天然化合物,无毒、无害、无残留、无污染,性质稳定。在动物体内,甜菜碱是高效的甲基供体物质,参与蛋白质和脂肪代谢。日粮中添加甜菜碱可提高猪的生长性能、改善胴体组成和肉质。本文就甜菜碱对生长肥育猪胴体组成的影响及其机理研究作一综述。     

Nutritional approaches to slow late finishing pig growth: implications on carcass composition and pork quality

Although pork producers typically aim to optimize growth rates, occasionally it is necessary to slow growth, such as when harvest facility capacity is limited. In finishing pigs, numerous dietary strategies can be used to slow growth so pigs are at optimal slaughter body weights when harvest facility capacity and/or access is restored. However, the impact of these diets on pork carcass quality is largely unknown. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of dietary strategies to slow growth in late finishing pigs and evaluate their effects on carcass composition and pork quality. Mixed-sex pigs (n = 897; 125 ± 2 kg BW) were randomly allotted across 48 pens and assigned to 1 of 6 dietary treatments (n = 8 pens/treatment): (1) Control diet representative of a typical finisher diet (CON); (2) diet containing 3% calcium chloride (CaCl₂); (3) diet containing 97% corn and no soybean meal (Corn); (4) diet deficient in isoleucine (LowIle); (5) diet containing 15% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) from soybean hulls (15% NDF); and (6) diet containing 20% NDF from soybean hulls (20% NDF). Over 42 d, pen body weights and feed disappearance were collected. Pigs were harvested in 3 groups (14, 28, and 42 d on feed) and carcass data collected. From the harvest group, 1 loin was collected from 120 randomly selected carcasses (20 loins/treatment) to evaluate pork quality traits. Overall, ADG was reduced in CaCl₂, Corn, and 20% NDF pigs compared with CON pigs (P < 0.001). However, ADFI was only reduced in CaCl₂ and 20% NDF pigs compared with CON (P < 0.001). Feed efficiency was reduced in CaCl₂ and Corn pigs compared with CON (P < 0.001). Hot carcass weights were reduced in CaCl₂ pigs at all harvest dates (P < 0.001) and were reduced in Corn and 20% NDF pigs at days 28 and 42 compared with CON pigs (P < 0.001). In general, CaCl₂ and 20% NDF diets resulted in leaner carcasses, whereas the Corn diet increased backfat by 42 d on test (P < 0.05). Loin pH was reduced and star probe increased in CaCl₂ pigs compared with CON pigs (P < 0.05); no treatments differed from CON pigs regarding drip loss, cook loss, color, firmness, or marbling (P ≥ 0.117). Overall, these data indicate that several dietary strategies can slow finishing pig growth without evidence of behavioral vices. However, changes to carcass composition and quality were also observed, indicating quality should be taken into consideration when choosing diets to slow growth.     

红色荷斯坦牛与西改牛杂交一代产奶性能的研究

为提高西改牛产奶量，选用外表与其相似的红色荷斯坦牛精液对西改牛进行杂交改良，结果表明，杂一代牛一、二、三胎泌乳期平均产奶量达到4010.33 kg；乳脂、非脂、蛋白质、乳糖含量分别为3.54%、8.52%、2.72%、4.70%，说明，红杂牛完全可作为奶牛的后备资源，加以开发利用。     

牦牛和藏羊夏季划区轮牧对高寒草甸3种植物凋落物分解的影响

为深入理解放牧牦牛和藏羊及放牧强度对青藏高原高寒草地凋落物分解的分异影响,在天祝高寒草甸夏季牧场,采用凋落物袋法研究了牦牛和藏羊轮牧强度对垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)、矮生嵩草(Kobresia humilis)和珠芽蓼(Polygonum viviparum)凋落物损失率及碳(C)、氮(N)和磷(P)含量的影响。结果表明:3种植物凋落物损失率随处理时间的增加和放牧强度的增大均呈增大趋势。处理15个月后,垂穗披碱草、矮生嵩草和珠芽蓼凋落物损失率分别为24.71%~32.70%,30.56%~38.83%和32.27%~42.96%。放牧藏羊草地上的3种凋落物损失率小于牦牛放牧草地。在同一放牧家畜及放牧强度下,垂穗披碱草的损失率显著小于矮生嵩草和珠芽蓼。3种植物凋落物C含量随着放牧强度的增加依次呈降低趋势,C含量大小依次为:垂穗披碱草矮生嵩草珠芽蓼,但C含量的变化大小依次为:垂穗披碱草矮生嵩草珠芽蓼。3种植物凋落物N含量随放牧强度增加呈现降低趋势;随着时间的增加凋落物N呈现先降低再增加后又降低的趋势。随着放牧强度的增加,珠芽蓼凋落物的P含量总体呈降低趋势;随着放牧时间的增加,珠芽蓼凋落物P含量总体呈增加趋势。藏羊和牦牛对P含量的富集均有抑制作用,并且牦牛的抑制作用大于藏羊。