氮肥水平对冬大麦产量、品质和氮肥利用效率的影响及其相关分析

以扬饲麦3号、港啤1号、扬农啤2号和Frankin等4个品种为试材,分析施氮水平对冬大麦产量、品质和氮肥利用效率的影响及其相关性。结果表明:随着施氮量的增加,各品种产量、单位面积有效穗数、每穗粒数、地上部含氮量及籽粒蛋白质含量增加,千粒重下降,各品种氮肥利用效率亦下降。不同氮肥处理水平下,大麦产量与千粒重呈极显著负相关,与籽粒蛋白质含量呈显著正相关,与氮肥偏生产力呈显著负相关。地上部氮积累量与氮肥生产效率、氮肥偏生产力和氮肥生理效率呈极显著负相关,千粒重与籽粒蛋白质含量呈显著负相关。氮肥生产效率与氮肥生理效率呈极显著正相关,氮肥农学效率与氮肥偏生产力呈显著正相关,氮肥偏生产力与氮肥生理效率呈显著正相关。     

山西省冬性大麦育种策略探讨

大麦作为早期驯化的谷类作物,因其早熟和高度抗逆性在世界范围内被广泛种植。作为工农业生产的重要谷类作物,其新品种的选育对人们生活的改善及国民经济的发展具有重要作用。通过对大麦育种与栽培的回顾,结合多年的大麦育种实践,对山西省冬性大麦育种技术和策略进行了初步探讨,展望了未来冬大麦的发展趋势,旨在对山西省冬大麦育种与栽培起到促进作用。     

麦类作物化感作用种质资源筛选与评价

以来自国内外的289份大麦品种和90份小麦品种为材料,进行室内化感潜力评价和田间试验考察其抗草性能,结果表明,供试大麦材料中有36个品种（占总数12.5%）显示出较强的化感作用潜力;22个品种（占总数的7.9%）显示较弱或无化感作用潜力.54个田间抗草性能较好的大麦品种中37个品种在室内化感潜力评价中对莴苣根长的抑制率（inhibitoryrate,IR）〉50%.从供试小麦材料中筛选出5个特强化感潜力品种,分别为81-214、115/青海麦、百泉3199、92L89和92H31,对莴苣根长的IR依次为69.1%、68.5%、68.7%、69.1%和65.2%;13个品种（占总数的14.4%）显示出较弱或无化感作用潜力.抗草性能较强的36个小麦品种中,有13个品种室内对莴苣IR≥50%.大麦、小麦品种间都存在化感作用潜力的基因型差异,且其化感作用特性会受环境因素的影响.     

青稞籽粒灌浆特性研究

对三个青稞品种（系）籽粒灌浆特性进行观察和分析，结果表明相同栽培条件下裸大麦籽粒干物质积累过程与品种有关，其中两个品系籽粒干物质积累过程符合“S”型曲线变化，而另一个品种籽粒干物质积累出现“双高峰”现象。裸大麦籽粒体积和水分含量变化呈抛物线。抽穗后20-30d是裸大麦产量形成关键时期，籽粒含水量相对平稳，籽粒干物质积累量约占粒重的75％。各个地区应因地制宜选用适宜品种及相应的栽培技术措施来获得青稞高产。     

青稞LTP蛋白基因bltl4．2的克隆及其在低温下的表达

为了解LTP蛋白基因bltl4．2在青稞中的功能,以青稞品种“昆仑12号”为实验材料,克隆得到编码该基因的eDNA序列全长470bp,其中包括249bp的开放阅读框,编码82个氨基酸残基,相对分子质量7709．8,理论p16．52,不稳定系数27．36,是一个稳定的蛋白质。LTP蛋白有2个跨膜区,1-19位置的是从膜内到膜外,57-76位置的是从膜外到膜内,总平均亲水性0．522,是一个高度亲水的小分子蛋白质。序列比对显示编码该蛋白的基因与大麦bltl4．2基因具有较高的同源性（98．9％）。通过RealtimePCR检测得到blH4．2基因在4℃下处理48、24和12h的表达量分别是0h的14．6、13．6和8．3倍,SPSS分析显示bltl4．2基因在不同低温胁迫时间下表达差异显著,说明该基因对青稞的耐寒性起到一定的作用。     

青稞秸秆对生长期藏绵羊体增重及免疫指标的影响

本试验用青稞秸秆替代燕麦干草作为唯一粗饲料来源,研究其对生长期藏绵羊体增重及免疫功能的影响。选择18只4~5月龄健康河谷型藏绵羊,随机分为2组,即:青稞组(青稞秸秆300 g/d+精料300 g/d)和燕麦组(燕麦干草300 g/d+精料300 g/d)。试验期4周,第1周为预试期,第2~4周为正试期。正试期结束后,按公母各占1/2原则,各组分别选取6只羊屠宰采样。结果发现:青稞组与燕麦组藏绵羊的体重、日增重、脾脏重和脾脏指数均差异不显著(P0.05);青稞组与燕麦组藏绵羊血清中免疫球蛋白(Ig)G、Ig A、Ig M、溶菌酶含量和酸性磷酸酶活性均差异不显著(P0.05),但青稞组中溶菌酶含量有高于燕麦组的趋势(P=0.083);青稞组与燕麦组血清、胸腺和脾脏白细胞介素(IL)-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10和干扰素γ(IFN-γ)含量均差异不显著(P0.05)。综合来看,与燕麦干草相比,饲喂青稞秸秆不会降低生长期藏绵羊的体增重及免疫性能,且有提高机体非特异性免疫因子(溶菌酶)含量的潜力,可作为藏绵羊的粗饲料来源。     

高寒藏区巴青1号青稞开花习性的研究

研究表明:巴青1号青稞在青海高寒地区种植,大部分在抽穗之后开花,小花开放顺序通常由中部向上下两端开放,单个花序开花持续时间为5~8d,群体开花时间可达到10d。一日开花高峰在上午09~11时和下午13~15时。青稞开花的适宜温度为17.2℃~22.6℃,相对湿度55%~65%,结实率为85.7%。     

Mechanical transmission of maize rayado fino marafivirus (MRFV) to maize and barley by means of the vascular puncture technique

Maize rayado fino marafivirus (MRFV) was mechanically transmitted to kernels of three Costa Rican maize cultivars by the vascular puncture technique. A transmission rate of up to 43.2% was obtained for cultivar HC-57. The rate of MRFV transmission to maize was possibly affected by the morphology of the kernel, which may influence physical access to the vascular tissue after water imbibition. Transmission to maize was confirmed by western blot and immunosorbent electron microscopy. By slight modifications of the procedure, MRFV was also transmitted to barley. This is the first report of MRFV infecting a species outside the supertribe Andropogonodae. Virus infection and replication in barley were confirmed by RT-PCR detection of MRFV RNA and by detection of the virus by ELISA.     

Morphological Basis of Resistance in Cotton to the WhiteflyBemisia Tabaci

The morphological basis of resistance to the whiteflyBemisia tabaci Genn. (Aleyrodidae: Hemiptera) was studied. The plant characters examined were leaf area, thickness of leaf lamina, hair density, hair length, angle of insertion of leaf hair, and density of gossypol glands. Hair density and leaf thickness were positively correlated with the population ofB. tabaci, and a positive correlation was obtained between the adult whitefly population and gossypol glands on stem internodes. Cotton genotype USA-22 (sparsely hairy) was found to be more tolerant toB. tabaci than was genotype USA-13 (velvety hairy). The use of thinner and glabrous leaved cotton varieties is suggested to minimize the whitefly menace in cotton.     

Demonstration of Heterogeneous Genotypes of Taylorella equigenitalis Isolated from Horses in Six European Countries by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis

Forty-six isolates of Taylorella equigenitalis were analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) after separate digestion of the genomic DNA with ApaI and with NotI. The isolates had been obtained from horses in six European countries and were classified into 18 genotypes. In Belgium, 2 genotypes were detected in 2 isolates, in England 9 among 15, in Finland 2 in 2, in France 2 among 10, in Sweden 3 among 5, and in Switzerland 3 among 12. Two English isolates and 4 French isolates gave identical PFGE profiles to those of Kentucky 188 from the United States. A common genotype was found in 5 isolates from Belgium and England and also in 10 isolates from France and Switzerland. The analysis of genomic DNA from 12 isolates of T. equigenitalis obtained from male horses in France, Sweden and Switzerland gave no evidence of a sex-related difference in the genomic DNA. Genomic DNA from 11 streptomycin (STM)-susceptible isolates obtained in Sweden and Switzerland were classified into four genotypes by PFGE. Each of the six genotypes determined among the 17 isolates from these two countries had single phenotypes for resistance or susceptibility to STM.