策勒戈壁盐生草种群特征的初步研究

通过对策勒戈壁分布的盐生草种群特征、水分利用效率的研究 ,得到策勒地区盐生草种群的平均盖度为2 .4 8% ,平均密度为 7.1株 /m2 ,平均株高为 6 .17cm ,生物积累量为 4 .6 2 g/m2 。种群分布格局类型呈典型成群分布 ,植株水分利用效率约为 0 .5 86kg/mm·hm2 ,平均根茎长度比为 2 .0 ,平均根茎重量比为 0 .0 5 6。盐生草株高与地上现存量之间的数量关系为 y =0 .0 6 77e0 .2 568x(0 7cm)。     

我国市售学生乳粉营养素含量分析

分析市售不同品牌学生乳粉的营养强化情况和能量及营养素含量分布。根据包装标示的营养成分表和食用方法计算出各产品每日可提供能量和营养素的量,与中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量中学龄儿童人群的推荐量进行比较。结果表明：不同品牌学生乳粉VC、VE、VB6、叶酸、二十二碳六烯酸、膳食纤维和亚油酸含量差异较大,VA、VD、VC、牛磺酸和矿物质钙、铁、锌的强化比例超过2/3;以学生乳粉产品营养素含量的中位数计算,以7～10 岁男性学龄儿童为例,学生乳粉提供了需要量约12%的能量,约30%的蛋白质、VC、VD和铁,约40%的VB6、钙和锌以及近50%的VA和VB2。学生乳粉作为一种方便、易获得的乳制品,总体上有其营养优势。     

Supplementation of Selenium Nanoparticles-Loaded Chitosan Improves Production Performance,Intestinal Morphology,and Gut Microflora in Broiler Chickens

The current study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), combined or loaded with chitosan (COS), in broiler chickens reared under standard management protocols. The parameters under investigation were production performance, organ development, components of the intestinal barrier, and ileal microbial count. Two hundred and forty day-old chicks were raised in five groups, with each group containing eight replicates (n=6/replicate). The control group received a basal diet whereas the other four groups received basal diets supplemented with SeNPs (0.5 mg/kg), COS (200 mg/kg), SeNPs+COS (0.5 mg/kg SeNPs + 200 mg/kg COS), and SeNPs-loaded COS (SeNPs-L-COS) (200 mg/kg) respectively. On day 35, two birds/replicate were sampled to collect the viscera under investigation. The results revealed that dietary inclusion of SeNPs-L-COS increased (p<0.05) the body weight gain and improved (p<0.05) feed conversion ratio. Similarly, SeNPs-L-COS supplementation increased (p<0.05) the small intestinal villus surface area as well as the count of acidic goblet cells and intraepithelial lymphocytes when compared with the control group. Whereas the total goblet cell count was higher (p<0.05) in the small intestines of both the SeNPs+COS and SeNPs-L-COS groups. Microbial analysis of ileal contents also revealed an increase (p<0.05) in Lactobacilli species count with a concurrent decrease (p<0.05) in Escherichia coli count in the SeNPs-L-COS group when compared with the COS and control groups. Based on the results of the current trial, we can conclude that supplementation with SeNPs-L-COS is a superior combination for promoting the gut health and performance of broilers.     

细菌-矿物互作及其复合体在重金属修复中的应用

利用功能细菌辅助植物固定重金属是目前农田土壤污染修复中高效且环境友好的方式,其中细菌与矿物间相互作用广泛存在,包括细菌对矿物的溶解作用、矿物对细菌活性的影响以及细菌-矿物复合体的形成等,并贯穿整个修复过程。一方面,细菌与矿物互作会影响细菌的活性和表面特性,如带电性、表面官能团位点类型及浓度等,进而影响细菌对重金属的生物吸附行为以及辅助植物修复作用的发挥;另一方面,细菌-矿物结合形成的复合体较单一细菌、矿物组分对重金属的固定行为不同,在重金属修复过程中发挥不可忽视的作用。本文综合分析细菌与矿物的结合作用、细菌对矿物的溶解作用以及矿物对细菌活性的影响,阐述细菌-土壤矿物(矿物材料)复合体在重金属污染修复中的应用潜能,为复合体应用于重金属污染土壤环境提供理论依据。     

Interactions of organic phosphorus with soil minerals and the associated environmental impacts: A review

As an important part of the soil phosphorus(P) pool, organic P(OP) is widely found in terrestrial and aquatic environments(e.g., soils and sediments).The interfacial behavior of OP on natural minerals affects the transport, transformation, and bioavailability of P in the environment. This paper reviews the processes involving adsorption-desorption, dissolution-precipitation, and enzymatic/mineral-mediated hydrolysis of OP at the mineral-water interface, and their subsequent effects on OP speciat...     

功能性低聚糖或糖醇促进大鼠肠道内矿物质吸收的研究进展

功能性低聚糖或糖醇具有益生元性质,在食品和营养研究中受到特别的关注。作为盲肠发酵剂,功能性低聚糖或糖醇摄入后不受小肠消化酶的分解,进入盲肠被微生物发酵,产生短链脂肪酸,降低肠腔内pH值,促进肠黏膜上皮细胞的增殖,提高矿物质在大肠中的吸收率。综述了近年来功能性低聚糖或糖醇在大鼠肠道内对矿物质吸收的促进作用及其相关机理,以期为功能性低聚糖或糖醇在食品和饲料生产上的应用提供参考。     

和田多胎红羊屠宰性能及6月龄羊肉成分分析

【目的】研究新疆和田多胎红羊的屠宰性能及羊肉成分,为其开发利用提供参考。【方法】选取6月龄羔羊、12月龄周岁羊、2岁成年羊3个阶段的和田多胎红羊公羊各6只,对其屠宰性能及6月龄羔羊羊肉成分进行测定。【结果】6月羔羊的屠宰率与成年羊之间差异性极显著（P<0.01）,与周岁羊之间差异性显著（P<0.05）;是否将脂尾作为净肉,6月龄羔羊的净肉率和骨肉比都与周岁羊及成年羊之间差异性极显著（P<0.01）;除周岁羊骨肉比外,脂尾对不同年龄阶段和田多胎红羊的净肉率及骨肉比均造成显著性差异（P<0.05）;6月龄和田多胎红羊羊肉水分足、粗脂肪含量（98.00±0.95 g/kg）,氨基酸、矿物质种类丰富,其中磷元素（1 600.00±2.66 mg/kg）、油酸（41.30±1.71 g/kg）、硬脂酸（17.40±1.30 g/kg）,含量水平相对较高。【结论】周岁羊及成年羊的胴体品质要优于6月龄羊,6月龄和田多胎红羊有待加强管理;脂尾对和田多胎红羊的屠宰性能影响较大;6月龄和田多胎红羊羊肉成分较为全面,营养价值较高。     

Potassium sources,microorganisms and plant nutrition: Challenges and future research directions

Until recently, potassium(K) has not received considerable attention because of the general belief that soils contain ample amounts of this element. In addition, low rates of K fertilizer application in agriculture have led to rapid depletion of K in the rhizosphere soil in many underdeveloped countries. This results in various negative impacts, including preventing optimum utilization of applied nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. To compensate for these losses,massive use of K fertilizers in ...     

磁性黏土颗粒对污染土壤中镉去除作用的初步研究

农田土壤中镉（Cd）污染备受关注，亟需开发出可以在土壤中快速去除Cd的修复材料与方法。磁性黏土矿物吸附材料因具有重金属吸附容量高和便于回收再利用等特点已成为当前土壤修复净化方面的研究热点。本研究使用了一种毫米级磁性黏土颗粒吸附材料测试其对土壤Cd的去除性能，材料记为巯基改性凹凸棒@沸石（MSAZ）。通过对不同类型人工模拟Cd污染土实验表明，材料最佳施用量为MSAZ:土壤质量比1:5，此时在人工模拟污染红壤中0.43 mol/L HNO3提取态Cd的单次材料施用去除率高达95%，在人工模拟的棕壤和黑土也可达75%-80%。通过对实际的Cd高背景旱地土壤和Cd污染水稻土的去除实验表明，MSAZ对这两种土壤中0.43 mol/L HNO3提取态Cd的首次施用去除率均约40%；经过五次重复利用后，MSZA对污染水稻土中0.43 mol/L HNO3提取态Cd的累积去除率可达98%，并且该材料依然保持着85%的吸附能力，回收率仍高于80%。本研究的磁性黏土颗粒具有较强的土壤Cd去除性能和应用潜力，可为农田土壤Cd污染的原位修复提供材料及技术支持。     

冻融干湿循环条件下压砂砾石损伤过程

为了解冻融干湿循环条件下压砂砾石损伤过程,该研究模拟当地自然气候环境,探讨压砂砾石粒径、盐度及冻融干湿循环次数对压砂砾石田间风化的作用效果.测定压砂砾石质量损失量,采用扫描电镜试验和X射线粉末衍射试验观察压砂砾石的微观结构及矿物组成的变化,初步分析了当地压砂砾石损伤机理.结果表明:1)小粒径(2、10 mm)处理的压砂...