复合矿物纤维增强制动衬片的力学及摩擦磨损性能研究

为了从环保角度设计新型摩擦材料,选用复合矿物纤维和无公害填料,采用热压工艺制备制动衬片,并通过力学性能、摩擦磨损性能对其进行表征。结果显示,摩擦材料的冲击强度为2 383.9 J/m2,洛氏硬度值为71.3;摩擦因数随摩擦盘温度的升高呈下降趋势,摩擦因数稳定,且偏差较小,衰退率为38.4%;比磨损速率随盘温升高则呈上升趋势。复合矿物纤维增强制动衬片的力学性能及摩擦磨损指标均已达到国家标准。     

木塑复合材料热膨胀性能与弯曲性能研究

以高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）为基体,松木粉为增强项,MAPE为偶联剂,采用注塑法制备WPC,研究其热膨胀性能与弯曲性能,结果表明：木塑复合材料的弯曲强度和弯曲模量较单纯的HDPE有所提高,且随着木粉含量增加而增加;线性热膨胀系数随着木粉含量增加而降低;随着木粉的加入,对WPC长度方向上的热膨胀的限制较宽度方向上更大。     

Role of organic fractions on C decomposition and N mineralization of animal wastes in soil

The relative contributions of water-soluble, water-non-soluble, Van Soest-soluble, and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) fractions of pig slurry (PS), cattle slurry (CS), cattle farmyard manure (FYM), and composted cattle farmyard manure (CFYM) to the overall C and N mineralization of the raw wastes were studied by incubating treated soil for 107 days at 15°C under non-limiting N conditions. The C or N mineralization of soluble fractions was calculated from the difference between C or N mineralization of the raw and non-soluble fractions. The organic N content of raw wastes ranged from 15 to 32 mg N g⁻¹ dry matter and organic C to organic N ratio from 13 to 29. The water-soluble fraction (SOL_W) was close to 100 mg C g⁻¹ raw waste C for CS, FYM, and CFYM but reached 200 mg C g⁻¹ for PS. The Van Soest-soluble fraction (SOL_VS) was the main fraction for PS, CS, and CFYM (>500 mg C g⁻¹ raw waste C) but only 303 mg C g⁻¹ raw waste C for FYM. Both soluble and non-soluble fractions contributed to C decomposition of slurries, with half to more than half of the decomposed C derived from the degradation of soluble compounds. Most of the C decomposed from FYM was derived from the large NDF fraction, but the contribution from the water-soluble C to the decomposition was also significant. Carbon mineralization of CFYM was due to the degradation of the NDF fraction, whereas soluble C did not contribute. Amounts of N mineralized or immobilized by raw wastes and non-soluble fractions at the end of incubation were significantly correlated (P < 0.01) with their organic C to organic N ratio. The contribution of the Van Soest-soluble fraction to N mineralization varied greatly between the four wastes. Finally, large differences in the C degradability and N availability of the water and Van Soest-soluble fractions were demonstrated.     

转反义GhADF1基因对陆地棉纤维品质的影响

 【目的】将反义的棉花GhADF1基因导入陆地棉基因组,进一步了解抑制GhADF1基因对棉花纤维品质的影响。【方法】构建了GhADF1基因的反义植物表达载体,通过农杆菌介导法转化陆地棉（Gossypium hirsutum L.）品种Coker312。【结果】通过PCR检测卡那霉素抗性选择和系统选育获得3个不同转基因事件纯合系（A5、A9、A20）,Southern blot显示：反义GhADF1基因已整合到受体基因组中,且能稳定遗传。转基因纯合系连续3代纤维品质分析显示,它们的纤维比强度和长度与对照相比都显著提高。【结论】转反义GhADF1基因可以提高棉花纤维比强度和长度,改善棉纤维品质。     

以乙酸木素和二次纤维为原料制备聚氨酯复合材料

以乙酸木素、二次纤维为原料添加异氰酸酯及聚乙二醇400,制备聚氨酯纸基复合材料.聚氨酯处理使纸张纤维间的氢键连接转变为共价键连接,从而使复合材料的抗张强度、环压强度、抗水性质均有很大程度提高;并且,随着预聚体中乙酸木素含量的提高,复合材料的强度指标均先上升后下降,吸水率先降低后提高.     

不同鸭品种肌纤维的发育规律研究

[目的]研究不同品种鸭在不同发育时期肌纤维的发育规律。[方法]采用电子显微镜观察相同条件下饲养10周的樱桃谷鸭、金定鸭、白羽番鸭、苏牧麻鸭（樱桃谷♂×金定♀）的胸肌肌纤维的超微结构,并测定肌原纤维的直径和肌节长度。[结果]随着日龄的增加,肌原纤维直径越来越粗,8周龄时达到高峰,然后保持稳定或有所下降;6周龄时,苏麻鸭的肌原纤维直径与其余3个品种差异显著（P〈0．05）;10周龄时苏麻鸭和白羽番鸭的肌节长度显著高于其他2个品种。各鸭品种肌纤维超微结构基本特征一致。[结论]该结果对鸭的选种及选育有着重要意义。     

镉硫交互作用对茭白膳食纤维含量的影响

[目的]探求镉硫交互作用对茭白产品器官膳食纤维含量的影响。[方法]以茭白（Zizania latifolia Turcz．）的单季茭品种蒋墅茭和双季茭品种葑红早为试材,比较在有机肥、无机肥处理下,镉硫交互处理对2个品种茭白产品器官中膳食纤维及粗纤维含量的影响。[结果]随硫处理浓度的增加,2个茭白品种产品器官中膳食纤维、不溶性膳食纤维、粗纤维的含量呈持续下降的变化趋势,而可溶性膳食纤维的含量则持续上升,各浓度硫处理间差异显著。肥料处理闷以无机肥处理时茭白产品器官中的总膳食纤维、不溶性膳食纤维、粗纤维含量高于有机肥处理,而可溶性膳食纤维则低于有机肥处理。[结论]硫肥的施用能促进茭白可溶性膳食纤维含量的增加。     

木质纤维缓冲材料的缓冲性能

对不同密度的环保型木质纤维缓冲材料的缓冲性能进行了初步研究.针对在缓冲包装设计中普遍应用的缓冲材料的缓冲系数-最大应力(C-σm)曲线,通过试验绘制出不同密度木质缓冲材料的压缩应力-应变(σ-ε)曲线,再通过该σ-ε曲线计算出各种密度下不同最大应力(σm)对应的最小缓冲系数(C),并绘制出不同密度环保型木质纤维缓冲材料的C-σm曲线.通过将不同密度木质纤维缓冲材料的C-σm曲线与目前各种常用缓冲材料的C-σm曲线进行比较,进一步说明环保型木质纤维缓冲材料具有良好的缓冲性能,可以部分替代泡沫塑料作为新型环保的缓冲材料.     

Effect of two bounding walls on the rotational motion of a fiber in the simple shear flow

The effect of two bounding walls on the rotational motion of a freely suspended non-Brownian fiber in the simple shear flow at low Reynolds number was investigated numerically using the lattice-Boltzmann method. Data were reported for the fibers with aspect ratios of 8, 10, and 15 under various ratios of wall gap (2h) to fiber length (L). For 2h/L≥3.0, the time-dependent orientation of the fiber is shown to be in quantitative agreement with the Jeffery’s theory for ellipsoids suspended in an unbounded linear shear flow, and the effect of the walls on the rotational period of the fiber is insignificant for all fibers with different aspect ratios. For 1.8≤2h/L<3.0, the results reveal that the walls have different effects on the rotation of fiber. For 2h/L<1.8, the complete periodical motion of the fiber is suppressed. The fiber rotates to nearly aligning with the flow direction, and then ceases to rotate. In this orientation, the walls have a stabilizing effect on the fiber and this effect is more pronounced for the fibers with large aspect ratio. The fiber finally does not orient with the flow direction, but with a small angle with the flow direction, and the angle is an increasing function of the fiber aspect ratio and dependent on the wall gap.     

Effects of lipase on poly(lactic acid) fibers

Two types of lipases, L3126 and Lipex 100L, were used to modify the surface of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) fiber by measuring weight loss percentage and wettability of the fiber in this work. The influence factors were discussed and optimized based on single-factor experiments. The optimal conditions for the modification of poly(lactic acid) fiber with lipases were determined as follows: incubation with lipase L3126 of 0.5 g/l at 45 °C and pH 8.5 for 8 hours and incubation with lipase of 10 ml/l at 40 °C and pH 7.5 for 10 hours. Lipase L3126 showed higher biodegradation ability to poly(lactic acid) fiber than lipase Lipex 100L. The scanning electron microscopy confirmed that both of the two lipases could lead to the formation of etching characters on treated poly(lactic acid) fibers in comparison with the blank samples. Furthermore, the wettability of the fibers treated with the lipases was evidently improved, especially Lipase L3126.