TGF β1 inhibits the maturation of dendritic cells and down-regulates TLR4 expression

AIM: To investigate the effects of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) on murine-derived dendritic cells (DC). METHODS: Murine bone marrow cells were cultured with GM-CSF and TGF-β1 to develop TGF β-DC. Then they were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Their phenotypes were assessed by flow cytometry (FCM). The allogeneic stimulating capacity of DC was measured by mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) using BrdU ELISA method. IL-12 p70 protein was detected by ELISA and the expressions of Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) on DCs were measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and FCM. RESULTS: Compared to immature DC (imDC) cultured with GM-CSF alone, the expressions of CD80, CD86, I-Ab and CD40 in TGF β-DC were lower. The TGF β-DC was resistant to maturation by LPS. Maturation resistance was evident from a failure to up-regulate CMs, to stimulate larger T cell proliferation and to increase secretion of IL-12 p70. Down-regulation of TLR4 expression on TGF β-DC was also found. CONCLUSION: TGF-β1 inhibits the expression of co-stimulatory molecules on DC. It is resistant to maturation stimulus (LPS) and might be linked with TLR4 down-regulation.     

无角陶赛特羊与陶寒F2代羔羊生长发育对比简

为客观评价无角陶赛特羊产肉性能,及对小尾寒羊杂交改良的实际效果,于2012年7月～2012年11月对90日龄断奶纯种无角陶赛特羊和陶寒F2代羔羊（DHF2）的体重及体尺指标进行测定并进行差异性分析.结果表明：三月龄断奶陶寒F2代体重与纯种无角陶赛特羔羊差异不显著;陶赛特羊与陶寒F2代的公母羔体高、胸围均差异显著（P＜0.05）;公羔尻宽、胸深差异显著（P＜0.05）;母羔尻宽、胸深差异不显著（P＞0.05）;公羔体长差异不显著（P＞0.05）,母羔体长差异极显著（P＜0.01）;管围公母羔差异均不显著（P＞0.05）.可见从杂交育种到羔羊肉生产方面,杂交效果明显.     

甘氨酸铁对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

试验选用72头杜长大断奶仔猪,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复8头。试验分为对照组Ⅰ(基础日粮含100 mg/kg无机铁)、对照组Ⅱ(基础日粮+50 mg/kg无机铁)、试验组(基础日粮+50 mg/kg甘氨酸铁),试验结果表明:对照组Ⅰ、对照组Ⅱ和试验组3个组之间差异不显著,试验组的日增重比对照组Ⅰ和对照组Ⅱ分别提高2.67%(P>0.05)和2.18%(P>0.05);从料肉比来看,试验组和对照组Ⅰ差异显著,但与对照组Ⅱ相比差异不显著。分别比对照组Ⅰ和对照组Ⅱ降低1.4%(P<0.05)和0.7%(P>0.05);在腹泻率方面,试验组与对照组Ⅰ之间差异显著(P<0.05),但与对照组Ⅱ之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验组比对照组Ⅰ和对照组Ⅱ分别降低93.3%和83.3%;育成率3组之间差异不显著;血清微量元素铁增加的趋势试验组均高于对照组Ⅰ和对照组Ⅱ,组间差异均不显著(P<0.05);试验组粪中微量元素铁的含量比对照组Ⅰ和Ⅱ分别降低30.02%和30.47%,且试验组和对照组Ⅰ、对照组Ⅱ之间差异极显著(P<0.01),但对照组Ⅰ和对照组Ⅱ之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。由此可见,在基础日粮中添加50 mg/kg(含二价铁)甘氨酸铁不仅能提高断奶仔猪生产性能,还能减少粪中微量元素铁的排放量。     

外源性RFRP-3和MLT对雄鼠初情期生长及繁殖性能的影响

【目的】探究外源性RF-酰胺相关肽3(RF-amide related peptide 3,RFRP-3)和褪黑素(melatonin, MLT)对雄性昆明小鼠初情期生长、繁殖性能的影响及两者之间的关系。【方法】以初情期雄性昆明小鼠为研究对象,单独给予雄鼠生理盐水、外源性RFRP-3或MLT以及混合给予RFRP-3、MLT,检测其对雄鼠平均增重、平均采食量、料重比、睾丸发育情况,血清生长激素(growth hormone, GH)、黄体生成素(luteinizing hormone, LH)水平,以及生长、生殖相关基因表达的影响。【结果】外源性RFRP-3能抑制雄鼠GH基因表达,并抑制体重增长,提高料重比;而外源性MLT促进雄鼠GH基因表达,使体重增长较快,料重比降低;RFRP-3和MLT共同处理下,GH基因表达增加,体重增长速度与单独给予MLT组接近。RFRP-3可抑制褪黑素受体1A(melatonin receptor 1A,Mtnr1A)、LH基因表达及睾酮分泌,小鼠睾丸各级生精细胞和间质细胞数量减少;MLT可促进Mtnr1A、LH基因表达及睾酮分泌,睾丸间质细胞密度极显著增加(...     

Modulation of broilers’ caecal microflora and metabolites in response to a potential probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

Studies have found that a dietary supplement of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens improved the growth performance, increased the nutrient digestibility of hosts and modulated the intestinal microflora. A total of 360 1‐day‐old Ross broilers were randomly divided into three treatments: a control group with a basal diet, an antibiotic group with a basal diet and added colistin sulphate, and a probiotics group with a basal diet and added Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The HiSeq high‐throughput sequencing analysis of 16S rRNA was used to investigate the differences in birds’ caecal microflora, and metabolomics was used to analyse changes in caecal metabolites. Results showed that the supplementation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens significantly improved the BW and ADG compared with the control birds. Results of sequencing indicated that (i) 645, 670, 596 unique operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were found in birds supplemented with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on day 7, 21 and 42, separately, (ii) due to the diversity and relative abundance of the birds’ caecal microflora, the OTUs of the caecal microflora clustered according to age and treatment, except on day 42, (iii) among the six predominate families (Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, Lactobacillaceae and Rikenellaceae), the supplementation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens significantly increased Enterobacteriaceae on day 42, (iv) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens increased the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus on day 21, increased the Faecalibacterium and Blautia and decreased the Ruminococcus on day 42. The metabolomics of caecal metabolites showed that the dietary Bacillus amyloliquefaciens changed the caecal metabolites involved of amino acid metabolism and glyceride metabolism, and the antibiotics changed the caecal metabolites that were related to carbohydrates and amino acid metabolism on day 21.     

昭通不同种植模式对苹果‘烟富8号’树体生长及 果实品质的影响

摘 要：【目的】明确烟富8号在昭通地区适宜的种植模式,为昭通地区烟富8号在种植模式、科学管理上提供理论依据。【方法】本试验以M9-T337矮化自根砧嫁接烟富8号、八棱海棠上嫁接M9-T337并嫁接烟富8号、八棱海棠上嫁接烟富8号为材料。调查对比不同种植模式对苹果树生长的影响。【结果】不同种植模式对烟富8号树体长势、早果丰产性影响差异显著,变异系数为9.13%~94.12%。矮化自根砧显著提高烟富8号的中短枝比例,显著降低2年生树体冠幅,显著提高2年生、3年生的单株产量及亩产量;矮化中间砧显著降低烟富8号树体主枝数、总枝量及短枝比例;乔砧提高了烟富8号长枝比例,显著降低2年生、3年生的单株产量及亩产量。不同种植模式对烟富8号果实品质影响差异不显著。【结论】矮化自根砧在控制果树长势、促进早果丰产方面综合评价最佳。     

EM制剂对鸡的生长性能与鸡粪除臭效果的影响

探讨了EM制剂对AA鸡的生长性能以及鸡粪除臭的影响。试验对象为经过共同饲养18日龄的AA肉鸡，进行初次称重，并按其体重交叉分组法均匀分为五组(CK对照组、A、B、C、D试验组)，对照组饲料不添加EM制剂，试验组A、B、C三组添加2/1000由华南农大动科系生态实验室提供的EM制剂，D组添加2/1000台湾产亚罗康商品活菌制剂。整个实验期为22d。结果表明，EM制剂不能使鸡的增重、屠宰率、全净膛率有明显的提高，但能增强鸡对疾病的抵抗，能提高成活率和饲料报酬，明显地降低鸡粪的臭味。     

斯格配套系杂交商品猪性能测定

对斯格商品猪的生长性能、饲料利用率、胴体品质和肉质进行了抽样性能测定.斯格商品猪肥育期日增重达到876.6±95.0 g,肥育期料重比为2.67;达100 kg体重日龄平均为152 d;106.3 kg体重时屠宰率为75.55%、6-7肋膘厚12.2+2.51 mm、眼肌面积53.79±5.64 cm2、瘦肉率为67.23%+3.86%、系水力为86.21%±2.10%、肌内脂肪含量为3.17%±1.37%.     

不同留芽数量对藏红花生长的影响

研究了不同留芽数量对藏红花生长的影响。结果表明:在整个生长期,不同留芽数量下的藏红花各生长阶段发生的时间差异不大。藏红花种球萌动以后,留3个侧芽的植株生长最快,留2个侧芽的植株生长最慢。在开花期,不同处理的花梗长度、花朵直径、叶片数及叶长差异不显著。随着留芽数量的增多,藏红花的柱头、雄蕊的干重增加,但各处理间没有显著差异。建议在生产中保留2～3个侧芽,以便提高柱头产量。     

芦荟乙酰化甘露聚糖对肉仔鸡肠道主要菌群、小肠微绒毛密度、免疫功能及生产性能的影响

为研究芦荟凝胶、芦荟多糖、乙酰化甘露聚糖对内仔鸡肠道主要菌群、小肠微绒毛密度、免疫功能及生产性能的影响，600只粤黄鸡随机分为5组．每组设6个重复．雌雄各半。分别施以5种不同日粮：①基础日粮添加乙酰化甘露聚糖0．1％；②基础日粮添加乙酰化甘露聚糖0．05％；③基础日粮添加芦荟多糖0．1％；④基础日粮添加芦荟凝胶干粉0.1％；⑤对照组（基础日粮），试验期为56d。结果表明．肉仔鸡饲粮中添加芦荟凝胶、芦荟多糖、乙酰化甘露聚糖。能显著降低盲肠内容物大肠杆菌浓度．提高盲肠内双歧杆菌和乳酸菌杆菌浓度（P〈0．05）；回肠微绒毛高度增加、密度加大（P〈0．05）；免疫器官胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊相对质量均显著增加．新城疫抗体效价显著提高（P〈0．05）；添加芦荟多糖提高了肉仔鸡的日增重和降低了料肉比．但试验组与对照组之间的差异不显著。