大穗型小麦品种强、弱势籽粒淀粉积累和相关酶活性的比较

在大田条件下, 以两个大穗型小麦品种山农12和PH01-35为材料, 对籽粒发育过程中强、弱势籽粒淀粉积累及其相关酶活性变化进行了比较研究。结果表明, 两品种强势粒直链淀粉积累量和支链淀粉积累量均高于弱势粒。Logistic方程模拟淀粉积累过程, 强势粒淀粉积累起始势(C₀)高, 活跃持续期长, 平均积累速率(R_mean)高, 最终淀粉积累量高。 籽粒蔗糖合酶(SS)、ADPG焦磷酸化酶(AGPase)、UDPG焦磷酸化酶(UGPase)、可溶性淀粉合酶(SSS)和束缚态淀粉合酶(GBSS)活性均呈单峰曲线变化, 强势粒上述酶活性均高于弱势粒。花后7~21 d, 弱势粒蔗糖含量明显高于强势粒, 表明弱势粒淀粉积累量低, 并不以其淀粉合成底物的供给为限制因子, 而主要与淀粉合成能力低有关, 同时与籽粒灌浆前期胚乳细胞的数量关系密切。     

氮、磷、钾肥对丹参根系生长及养分含量的影响

采用田间小区试验方法,研究了氮、磷、钾肥对丹参根系生长及养分含量的影响。结果表明,氮、磷、钾肥能够促进丹参根系对氮、磷、钾的吸收,提高其含量,并且随着施用量的增加而提高,在N,P2O5,K2O的施用量分别为225,180,225 kg/hm2时,根的氮、磷、钾含量达到最高值;当施入N,P2O5和K2O分别为225,120,150 kg/hm2时,丹参根干质量、根长及根条数达到最高值,根的直径最适宜,此后随着磷钾肥施入量增加,根干质量及根长、根条数反而下降,根直径增加。所以氮、磷、钾合理配合施用能够提高丹参根的养分含量、根干质量、根长、根数及根直径。     

燕麦中β-葡聚糖的含量及相对分子质量测定方法的研究进展

阐述了燕麦中β-葡聚糖的含量及相对分子质量测定方法的国内外研究动态和研究成果,其中包括对β-葡聚糖含量的测定方法(酶测定法、荧光法、高效液相色谱法、刚果红分光光度比色法)的研究,以及对β-葡聚糖相对分子质量测定方法(高效凝胶色谱法、凝胶色谱法、高效液相色谱法)的研究。     

黔苦2号苦荞新品种春播高产综合农艺措施研究

运用二次回归正交旋转组合设计,在春播条件下研究黔苦2号苦荞籽粒产量与其播种量及N、P、K肥施用量间的关系。通过试验,建立了黔苦2号籽粒产量与主要农艺措施的数学模型,通过对模型的解析和模拟寻优分析。结果表明：黔苦2号籽粒产量高于2800kg/hm2的优化栽培技术方案：播种量67.14~74.93 kg/hm2,施N量28.88~40.12 kg/hm²,施P₂O₅量179.11~210.89 kg/hm²,施K₂O量43.94~61.06 kg/hm²;试验4因子对籽粒产量影响的程度大小为播种量>施K2O量>施P₂O₅量>施N量。     

Genetics of nitrate content of lettuce, 1: Analysis of generation means

Summary The genetics of nitrate content in butterhead lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) was studied using the mean values of five parental genotypes and several generations obtained from crosses between them. One high nitrate parental genotype was chosen and four low nitrate ones. A diallel analysis showed additive genetic effects to be the major source of variation in generation means. Estimates of additive genetic effects differed significantly between experiments, indicating genotype x experiment interactions. Effects of dominance were relatively small. The size and direction of dominance varied between experiments. Reciprocal differences were of very limited size and also varied between experiments. The inheritance of nitrate content in lettuce fitted the additive-dominance genetic model.     

Mass selection of wheat for grain filling without transient photosynthesis

Summary Post-anthesis chemical desiccation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants in the field eliminates transtent photosynthesis by killing all green tissues, thus revealing the plant's capacity for grain filling from stored stem reserves, as the case is for post-anthesis stress such as drought or leaf diseases. This study was conducted to investigate whether mass selection for large kernels under chemical desiccation would lead to the improve ment of grain filling in the absence of transient photosynthesis.Six crosses of common spring wheat were subjected to three cycles of mass selection from F₂ through F₁ when selection was performed for large kernels by sieving grains from plants that were erther chemically desiccated after anthesis, or not (controls). The resulting 36 bulks (six crosses by three selection cycles by two selection environments) were compared with their respective F₂ base populations, when tested with and without chemical desiccation.Selection for large kernels under potential conditions (without chemical desiccation) did not improve kernel weight under potnetial conditions, evidently because these materials were lacking in genetic variation for kernel weight under potential conditions. In four of the crosses, 3rd cycle selection for large kernels under potential conditions decreased kernel weight under chemical desiccation. On the other hand, selection for large kernels under chemical desiccation was effective in improving kernel weight and test weight under chemical desiccation, depending on the cross and the selection cycle, with no genetic shift in mean days to heading or mean plant height. Selection for large kernels under chemical desiccation was also effective in some cases in increasing kernel weight under potential conditions. The results are interpreted to show that selection under potential conditions and under chemical desiccation operate on two different sources for grain filling, namely transient photosynthesis and stem reserve utilization, respectively. In order to expose genetic variability for stem reserve utilization to selection pressure, transient photosynthesis must be eliminated, as done by chemical desiccation in this study.     

旱地棉花有限补水效应研究

研究了旱地棉花不同生育期补水对棉花生长发育和产量的影响．试验结果表明，有限补水棉花根系伤流量提高３７．５％～５６．３％，干物质和叶面积增多，光合势和净光合率提高，叶绿素含量提高２９．８％～４７．１％。补水比不补水棉花产量增加２２．０％～１８３．８％，其中补水３次＞２次＞１％＞ＣＫ，不同干旱年型，有限补水关键时期不同，在前期干旱年型补蕾水，后期干旱年型补花水，补１水（蕾或花）棉花产量过７５０ｋｇ·ｈｍ￣（－２），补２水产量（底＋花或蕾＋花）过１１２５ｋｇ·ｈｍ￣（－２）。     

储藏条件对水稻种子发芽活性影响的研究

文章讨论了储藏中水稻种子的水分含量、储藏温度和气体条件（如ＣＯ２气体、脱氧剂等）对水稻处子发芽活性的影响。     

土壤水分胁迫对冬小麦耗水规律及产量的影响

在温定盆栽和池栽防雨旱棚条件下，研究了土壤水胁迫对冬小麦耗水规律及产量的影响，结果表明，随土壤水分胁迫加剧，干物质积累减少，子粒千物质来自贮藏同化物的比例上升，产量下降，产量构成三因子中穗粒数，亩穗数下降均极显著，而千粒重下降较少，随水分胁迫加剧，拔节前耗水量占总耗水量的比率增高，从播种到拔节期，耗水量占总耗水量的比例愈高，拔节后植株衰老死亡愈早，产量降低就愈大，中度水分胁迫下，虽然水分生产率和经     

厩肥、秸秆和绿肥的含钾状况及其对土壤和作物钾素的供应能力

以常用有机肥料牛厩肥、猪厩肥、鸡粪及作物秸秆、油菜绿肥为材料，研究了这些有机物的全钾、速效钾和缓效钾的含量状况，以及它们对土壤钾及作物吸钾的供应能力。结果表明：（１）三种有机烘肥及作物秸秆、绿肥中含钾量为０．８５％～４．５０％，其中有３２．７％～６９．７％为速效态钾，１．７％～２５．０％为缓效态钾；（２）肥料与土壤共同培养１５０ｄ后，约有５０％～８０％的速效态钾和缓效态钾仍以两种形态存在于土壤之中