秸秆还田和品种对土壤水盐运移及小麦产量的影响

本试验设置秸秆还田和不还田两种方式,选用抗盐小麦德抗961和普通小麦鲁麦10,以探明秸秆还田和品种选择对盐渍土水盐运移和小麦产量的影响。研究结果表明,秸秆还田能够减少水分散失,提高土壤含水量,同时减轻盐分在表层土壤的富集,有利于提高小麦产量。选用抗盐小麦品种不仅提高了小麦的抗盐能力,也降低了表层盐分的进一步富集。小麦产量的提高利益于产量构成因素的综合改善,其中公顷穗粒贡献较大。从减轻盐分表层富集和提高产量幅度来看,品种选择的效果优于秸秆还田。因此,选用抗盐品种,并结合秸秆还田,可以显著提高盐渍土小麦产量。     

橡胶粒子束缚水分的生理功能初析

橡胶粒子是由半单位生物膜包裹的细胞器,表面带负电荷,能够吸附水分子;由于在细胞中橡胶粒子数量极多,故能形成较强束缚水分的能力。产胶植物通过增加橡胶粒子合成,来提高吸水能力,以抵御逆境胁迫;胁迫消除时,又融合小橡胶粒子为更大粒子,来减少橡     

椰子水中蛋白质组成的研究

本文对椰子水中的蛋白质进行分离纯化,利用SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳系统,对椰子水中蛋白的结构进行了分析,结果表明,在椰子水蛋白质中,含有9个亚基结构。试验试图为椰子的深加工利用提供一定的理论基础。     

安徽省粮食生产能力研究与分析

安徽省粮食丰产科技工程中粮食作物的产量是当前自然和技术条件下可以实现的产量,用该单产水平计算安徽省粮食生产能力更具现实意义。本文以全省13个农业生态小区为研究单元,确定了能够充分发挥当地气候生产潜力的种植制度;并以粮食丰产科技工程中粮食作物试验产量为基础,计算了各农业生态小区粮食生产能力和总的粮食生产能力。研究结果表明: 全省粮食平均单产能力为8029.47kg•hm-2,约是近3年安徽省粮食实际单产的1.37倍;全省粮食总生产能力为483.62亿kg,每年能为安徽省增加粮食产量近158.93亿kg。     

肉制品出水原因与控制方法的研究

通过对肉制品加工的各种原辅材料及加工的各个环节入手,分析了可能引起肉制品出水的原因,并从原辅材料的选用及加工工艺的改进和优化方面,提出了对肉制品出水问题控制的方法与措施。     

Water Deficit Reduced Fertility of Young Microspores Resulting in a Decline of Viable Mature Pollen and Grain Set in Rice

Pollen formation in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) is highly vulnerable to environmental stresses such as heat, chilling and drought. In rice plants exposed to drought during male reproductive development, the most obvious damage often observed is a decline in the number of engorged pollen and grain set. This has been well characterized in rice under chilling and to a lesser extent under drought stress. Moreover, detailed literature on the immediate effects of drought on developing young microspores in rice is still limited. Here, we report findings from experiments on rice plants exposed to water deficit for three consecutive days during early stages of anther development. When the osmotic potential of the growing medium was equal to or less than −0.5 MPa, as induced by polyethylene glycol, the leaf water potential was significantly lowered and grain set was reduced. A strong correlation between grain set and viable young microspores (P < 0.001, r² = 0.8223) indicates that water deficit immediately reduced fertility of rice plants at the time of exposure. This result suggests a new underlying mechanism of water deficit-induced pollen abortion in rice.     

Effects of Deficit Drip Irrigation Ratios on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Yield and Fibre Quality

Increasing irrigation costs and declining water availability compel producers to adapt irrigation strategies for maximum crop yield and water use efficiency. A field trial was conducted to observe the effects of various drip irrigation ratios (IR-0, IR-25, IR-50, IR-75 and IR-100) on water use efficiency (WUE), the irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), lint yield, yield components and fibre quality at two upland cotton varieties during 2004 and 2005. WUE was found to increase from 0.62 to 0.71 kg m⁻³ as the irrigation water applied was reduced from 100 % to 75 % of soil water depletion. Deficit irrigation of cotton with drip irrigation at 75 % treatment level (IR-75) did not decrease seed cotton yield and yield components during 2 years, with the exception of the number of bolls in 2005. Among fibre quality parameters, no significant differences in fibre length, fineness, uniformity index and elongation were detected between the 100 % and 75 % irrigation levels in 2005. The results revealed that irrigation of cotton with a drip irrigation method at 75 % level had significant benefits in terms of saved irrigation water without reducing yield, and high WUE indicated a definitive advantage of employing deficit irrigation under limited water supply conditions.     

全膜双垄沟播玉米不同覆膜时期水分生产效率研究

为了进一步探索全膜玉米不同时期覆膜对水分生产效率的影响,笔者选择四种不同覆膜时期,在玉米关键生育期测定0-100cm土层含水量,研究生育期耗水、生育期降水、年降水的生产效率。结果表明：冬季土壤封冻到春季土壤解冻采取秋覆膜可减少27.6%的土壤水分损耗;土壤解冻到玉米播种采取顶凌覆膜的可减少16.0%的土壤水分损耗。全膜秋覆膜较顶凌覆膜生产能力提高9.27%、生育期降雨生产效率提高0.16 kg/mm,顶凌覆膜较播前覆膜生产能力提高7.44%、生育期降雨生产效率提高0.13 kg/mm。     

水肥耦合条件下间作小麦光合特性的响应

本试验在河西绿洲灌区进行,研究水肥耦合条件下间作小麦灌期浆光合特性对其的响应。结果表明,间作小麦灌浆期的肥水组合以灌溉量370m3/亩、N肥28kg/亩,370m3/亩、42kg/亩和450m3/亩、28kg/亩这3个肥水组合的光合特性表现较为突出。不同的水肥处理其中,370m3/亩的灌溉水平与其他肥料水平相结合或28kg/亩（N肥）的肥料水平与其他灌溉水平相配合具有一定的节水性且光合特性也良好。     

水分胁迫对花生幼苗叶片内源激素含量的影响

研究了水分胁迫对花生幼苗叶片内源激素含量的影响。结果表明,GA3含量先升后降,出现了两个高峰值,ABA含量则逐渐升高,IAA和ZR先降低后升高。随着胁迫时间的延长,叶片中ABA/IAA的值先升后降,ABA/ZR逐渐升高。