中国长江流域冬麦区小麦品种试验精确度回溯分析

为全面评价长江流域小麦品种区域试验精确度的发展水平,分析了2011—2021年度中国长江流域冬麦区单年单点和一年多点小麦区域试验的试验精确度和品种比较精确度,对产量、穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、生育期、株高、基本苗和最高茎数等性状的试验精确度差异进行了比较。结果表明,长江流域冬麦区单年单点品种试验精确度较好,试验误差变异系数(CEV)在5%和10%以下的试点数占比分别在60%和95%以上,但品种比较精确度(RLSD_0.05)在3%以下的试验比例不到10%,长江上游和中下游单点品种试验RLSD_0.05在10%以下的试点数分别占比约60%和90%。一年多点区域试验精确度和品种比较精确度显著优于单年单点试验,上游和中下游试验平均CEV分别在8%和5%以下。采用试点固定模型时,长江上游和中下游试验平均RLSD_0.05分别为2.19%和1.49%,符合国家小麦品种审定标准对品种比较精确度的要求;但采用试点随机模型时,小麦品种试验尚无法鉴别出品种间3%的产量差异。试验对生育期、株高、基本苗、千粒重和穗数的RLSD_0.05优于产量性状,而最高茎数和穗粒数的RLSD_0.05较低。     

Hydrogen sulfide ameliorates high glucose-induced endothelial cell senescence by suppressing oxidative stress

AIM：To explore the effect of hydrogen sulfide on the senescence of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by high glucose. METHODS：Senescence model was established by treating HUVECs with 33 mmol/L glucose for 48 h. The parameters were detected to demonstrate the effect of hydrogen sulfide on senescence and the mechanism involved was also investigated. RESULTS：In the cells treated with high glucose, the proliferation was attenuated with a higher number of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) positive cells, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) protein expression, malondialdehyde (MDA) production and NF-κB p65 activity were increased significantly, but the expression of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) was decreased. However, the cell number and SOD1 expression were increased, and the number of SA-β-Gal positive cells, PAI-1 protein expression, MDA production and the activity of NF-κB p65 were decreased after sodium hydrosulfide (100 and 200 μmol/L) treatment.CONCLUSION：Exo-genous hydrogen sulfide prevents HUVECs against high glucose-induced senescence by suppressing oxidative stress and NF-κB p65 activity.     

Mechanisms of hyperglycemia induced by immunosuppressant FK506

AIM：To investigate the effect of immunosuppressant FK506 on serum glucose in rats and to explore its mechanism. METHODS：Sprague-Dawley rats (n=12) were randomly divided into drug group and normal group. The rats in drug group were intraperitoneally injected with FK506 at dose of 1 mg·kg-1·d-1 and the rats in normal group received saline (1 mL·kg-1·d-1, ip) for 14 d. The fasting weight and fasting glucose were regularly measured every 2 d. Visceral fat was isolated from the rats at the end of experiment. The mRNA expression of adiponectin, leptin, visfatin, resistin, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ (PPAR-γ) was determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The protein expression of PPAR-γ and adiponectin was measured by Western blotting. RESULTS：Compared with normal group, the concentration of fasting blood glucose in model group was significantly increased from the 10th day (P<0.05). At day 14, the fasting blood glucose of the model group increased from (5.10±062) mmol/L to (7.73 ± 0.73) mmol/L. No significant change of blood glucose in normal group between the 10th day and the 14th day ［from (4.66 ± 0.32) mmol/L to (5.80±0.10) mmol/L］ was observed. Compared with normal group, the mRNA expression of PPAR-γ, adiponectin and leptin in the adipose tissue of model group was significantly decreased (P<001), whereas the expression of visfatin, resistin and RBP4 was significantly increased (P<005). Compared with normal group, the expression of PPAR-γ and adiponectin in model group was decreased (P<001). CONCLUSION：FK506 may decrease the expression of PPAR-γ to change the expression of adipocytokines and induce hyperglycemia in rats.     

生物活性水对玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

以北农青贮308玉米种子为试验材料,分别用生物活性水稀释10、25、50、100、200、400、800、4000倍对玉米种子进行浸种处理,以蒸馏水为对照,比较种子的发芽率、发芽势、吸水值、贮藏物质转运率、生物量、根长、芽长、叶绿素含量。试验结果表明,除稀释10倍处理外,不同浓度生物活性水均能显著提高玉米种子的发芽率、发芽势及苗期的长势和叶绿素的含量,其中稀释100倍的生物活性水最有利于种子的萌发,稀释50倍的生物活性水在苗期对壮苗和促进株高效果最明显。     

植物bZIP转录因子及其耐盐性调控研究进展

盐害影响植物的生长发育,碱性亮氨酸拉链类转录因子bZIP参与了植物的盐胁迫响应,因此就植物对高盐胁迫的理化反应、bZIP转录因子的功能及在植物高盐逆境下的作用的研究进展进行了综述,对今后利用bZIP基因改良植物耐盐性具有参考价值。     

辣椒种质的耐瘠性鉴定初探

针对喀斯特山区农业干旱频发及土壤瘠薄、保水性差的特点,简要概述贵州辣椒种质资源耐瘠性鉴定体系,为今后选育耐瘠能力强、产量高的耐瘠新品种提供技术支撑。     

垂穗披碱草种子萌发的耐盐性研究

以来自高寒草地不同海拔的3份野生垂穗披碱草种子为材料,采用培养皿纸上发芽法研究了0％、0．4％、0．6％、0．8％、1．0％和1．2％不同盐浓度对种子萌发的影响,以探讨3份垂穗披碱草种子萌发的耐盐能力。结果表明,低盐环境促进了种子的萌发;随着盐胁迫的增强,种子的发芽率、发芽指数与对照相比均显著下降。当盐浓度达到1．0％时,发芽势均等于0。通过对3份种质材料在盐胁迫下的相对发芽率、相对发芽势、发芽指数等指标的综合评价表明：材料的耐盐性为G3〉G2〉G1。海拔与耐盐指标的相关性分析表明,种子的相对发芽率与海拔成正相关,种子的相对发芽势、发芽指数与海拔成负相关,但相关性均不显著。     

应用RFV评价鄂尔多斯荒漠草原优势牧草营养价值

将采自内蒙古鄂尔多斯地区的禾本科牧草3种、豆科牧草3种和菊科牧草3种分别于6月、7月和9月刈割晾干,共制得27个样本。通过应用饲料相对指数(RFV)进行综合评定可知:将6月、7月和9月分别刈割的同一品种牧草混合后,品质最好的为中苜2号,其次是沙打旺,再次是沙蒿,最差的是花棒;同种牧草不同刈割期比较可知:对于禾本科牧草来说,针茅、冰草和中苜2号在不同刈割期营养价值的大小顺序为6月7月9月;对于豆科牧草来说,花棒、沙打旺在不同刈割期营养价值的大小顺序为6月7月9月,但草木樨在不同刈割期营养价值的大小顺序则为6月9月7月;对于菊科牧草来说,沙蒿、猪毛蒿、籽蒿在不同刈割期营养价值的大小顺序为7月6月9月。     

鲈鱼与养生

在广泛文献检索基础上,对鲈鱼的种属、营养成分、养生价值、代表性膳食及食用注意事项进行了概述,以期为全民养生保健提供科学资料。     

宁夏干旱风沙区5种灌木保水剂造林试验与饲用价值研究

选择红柳(Tamarix ramosissima)、紫穗槐(Amorpha fruticosa)、柠条(Caragana korshinskii)、梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)、花棒(Hedysarum scoparium)5种宁夏干旱风沙区的主要造林灌木,采用法国SNF(爱森)保水剂和北京"清华绿宝"高效抗旱保水剂,通过蘸根法进行田间造林种植试验,以筛选出在干旱条件下提高苗木成活率的最佳方法,并对5种灌木的粗蛋白(crude protein,CP)、中性洗涤纤维(neutral detergent fiber,NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(acid detergent fiber,ADF)、全量钙和全量磷的含量进行了测定。试验结果表明,使用SNF保水剂蘸根处理的成活率为39.60%,与CK相比提高了79.27%,与"清华绿宝"保水剂相比提高了44.90%。采用SNF保水剂蘸根处理,不仅可以提高造林成活率还可以节省保水剂用量,操作简单,适宜大面积的造林推广。5种灌木的粗蛋白与纤维比顺序为:柠条(0.46)紫穗槐(0.35)梭梭(0.24)花棒(0.22)红柳(0.17)。柠条、紫穗槐、梭梭都是优质的饲料资源。