利用cDNA-AFLP技术分析白菜核雄性不育两用系的表达差异

 利用cDNA AFLP技术 ,对白菜核雄性不育两用系可育株群和不育株群分析显示 :花蕾之间基因表达存在差异 ;莲座期叶片之间、开花期叶片之间和花茎之间基因表达无差异 ;叶片、花茎和花蕾之间基因表达存在差异。对开花期的小蕾、中蕾和大蕾分析显示 :10对引物中 ,1对在可育株中蕾和大蕾中扩增出 1条特异带 ,另 1对扩增出 1条在可育株中蕾中表达丰度高于不育株中蕾的条带 ,其余 8对未发现差异条带。对上述表达丰度有差异的基因进行Northern验证 ,结果与之一致 ,表明cDNA AFLP技术可以用于植物雄性不育基因表达差异的研究。     

紫菜种内原生质体的融合和融合体再生

利用酶解法分离出野生型叶状体和红色突变体的坛紫菜原生质体以及条斑紫菜野生型叶状体的原生质体，再用聚乙二醇（PEG）法进行种内原生质体融合，当加入原生质体液内的PEG被稀释除去百，原生质体发生融合并形成许多杂合体，种内原生质体融合率坛紫菜为9.7%-12.4%，条斑紫菜为10%-11.5%。PEG分子量在1540-6000之间，随着分子量的提高，原生质体融合率增高，原生质体融合体被挑出来进行单个培养，经过30天培养坛紫菜的一个杂合体（含一个红色原生质体和一个进驻生型原生质体）再生成一个呈红色和野生色的相嵌叶状体，鸸 个含两个红色原生质体的融合体再生成一个在基部和头部均长假根的叶状体，但来自这个再生体的原生质体只长成具有一个假根的叶状体，从原生质体融保体的再生体以及它们无性繁殖体的结果来看，坛紫菜的种内原生质体融合体可能只发生了细胞质融合，而真正的核融合并没有发生，培养15-20天，条斑紫菜的原生质体融合体先再生成细胞团，然后由细胞团释放出许胞子并萌发成正常野生型叶状体。     

渝矮籼型水稻核不育花粉细胞学观察

渝矮籼型核不育水稻,由于花药毡绒层细胞在单核期间迅速解体,造成花粉营养供应障碍而导致败育,属典败型花粉。     

化学杂交剂BAU9403诱导小麦雄性不育及与小麦不同品种互作效应的研究

以18个小麦品种和化学杂交剂BAU9403的不同剂量为处理，研究了BAU9403的杀雄效果及其不同基因型小麦对BAU9403反应的遗传差异。结果表明，适宜的BAU9403喷施剂量与时期，供试品种均能诱导大于95％的雄性不育率；对大多数品种而言，适宜的时期范围为雌雄蕊原基分化期，适宜的剂量范围为0.75-1.0kg/hm^2，以1.0kg/hm^2效果为好。BAU9403对不同基因型小麦品种之间存在着互作效应。     

籼稻温敏核不育系5460s的育性遗传

籼稻温敏核不育系5460s同它的等基因可育系5460、原始亲本IR_54以及4个各具研究标记性状的品种杂交,全部组合的正反交杂种F_1都表现可育,证明5460s温敏不育是一隐性性状,5460s同5460杂交的F_2,B-1F_1群体中可育株与不育株的比率分别符合3:1和1:1,说明5460s是5460的单隐性育性基因突变系;该突变基因符号暂定为“tms(t)”,在5460s同金早6号的组合,温敏核不育也表现1对基因遗传;在其余的4个组合,却呈现育性同2对基因有关,它们的F_2世代育性分离比率为15:1,B_1F_1又以3:1验证,对育性同所研究的标记性状在_2的分离频数进行独立性测验表明,温敏不育特性同所研究的4个性状,即茎秆角度、褐色颖沟、光身以及糯性胚乳,都表现独立遗传。本文还对等基因系应用于光温敏育性遗传研究的价值作了讨论。     

Male sterility in soybean: Occurrence,molecular basis and utilization

In plants, male sterility (MS) is a specific breeding target trait. With the advancements in agriculture, utilization of heterosis breeding in hybrid production through MS lines has become the main breeding tool of various cross‐pollinated and even self‐pollinated crops. Soybean is an essential source of oil and protein; however, the low yield is a major factor limiting its development. Soybean MS mainly comprises cytoplasmic‐nuclear MS and nuclear/genic MS (NMS/GMS), which can effectively utilize heterosis to improve soybean yield. This review outlines the recent research progress on the development of new genetically MS lines, exploring the underlying molecular mechanism of MS, identification and cloning of MS and fertility restoration genes, and the application of MS lines. We further discussed and prospected the future developmental scenario direction of the soybean MS, based on the previous studies of other crops sterility system. Moreover, this review also provides comprehensive information for better application of MS to soybean breeding programme.     

大豆质核互作雄性不育系NJCMS1A与其保持系NJCMS1B的生理生化特性比较分析

以大豆质核互作雄性不育系NJCMS1A及其保持系NJCMS1B的花芽为试验材料,利用试剂盒法和紫外分光光度计测定分析了糖分含量(可溶性糖和淀粉)和总ATPase、蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶(PEPCK)、抗坏血酸氧化酶(AO)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)以及过氧化物酶(POD)等酶活性的变化情况。结果表明:相较于保持系NJCMS1B,总ATPase、PEPCK、AO和CAT活性在不育系NJCMS1A中显著下降;糖分含量、SPS和SOD活性在不育系NJCMS1A中下降水平不显著;POD活性在不育系NJCMS1A中显著上升。根据结果分析推测,与能量代谢或胁迫响应等相关的物质或酶活性在不育系NJCMS1A中的亏损现象可能是NJCMS1A花粉败育的主要原因。     

父母本不同行距配置对昆虫授粉效率的影响

为探讨昆虫为杂交大豆授粉的行为,提高授粉效率,以大豆细胞质雄性不育系JLCMS34A和保持系JLCMS34B为材料,研究父母本3种行距配置(T1、T2、T3)对昆虫授粉行为及产量构成的影响。结果表明:行距配置T2条件下昆虫授粉效率最高,母本单株粒数最多,为45.98个(2011年),与T1、T3差异达到显著水平,T3配置授粉效率最差,单株粒数最少,为32.06个(2012年),与T1、T2差异达到极显著水平。在吉林省洮南地区适当缩小父母本行距,增加母本间行距可有效促进昆虫授粉效率,提高结实率。     

Frequency and fertility restoration efficiency of Rf3 and Rf4 genes in Indian rice

Identification of new parental lines is crucial for developing ecology‐specific hybrids with ideal agronomic performance. We screened a total of 570 different ecology‐specific Indian rice varieties for the presence of fertility restorer genes, Rf3 and Rf4 using tightly linked markers DRRM Rf3‐10 and RM6100, respectively. Among these varieties, 13% carried Rf3Rf3/Rf4Rf4, 31% carried rf3rf3/rf4rf4, 6% carried Rf3Rf3/rf4rf4 and remaining 50% carried Rf4Rf4/rf3rf3 allelic combinations. A mini set of 40 varieties with variable allelic combinations of fertility restorer genes were testcrossed with WA and Kalinga‐based CMS lines. All the 80 F₁s were evaluated for spikelet fertility and fertility restoration ability. Rf3Rf3/rf4rf4 genotypes mostly behaved as partial maintainers or partial restorers. In contrast, rf3rf3/Rf4Rf4 genotypes were partial or effective restorers. However, double dominant genotypes showed better fertility restoration than the genotypes containing Rf3 or Rf4 individually. Some of the genotypes showed unexpected restoration pattern implying occurrence of other fertility restorer(s) apart from Rf3 and Rf4. The perfect restorers and maintainers identified in this study can be directly used in hybrid rice breeding.