饲用黑麦适宜青刈时期及青刈次数研究

在河北低平原区对饲用黑麦Secale cereale的青刈时期及青刈次数研究表明:饲用黑麦以收获鲜草为目的,进入果园生态系统与果树间作是可行的.随着刈割时期的推迟,鲜干比、茎叶比、粗蛋白含量逐渐下降;在抽穗期结束其生育进程前提下,从鲜草、干草、粗蛋白产量综合比较,青刈次数1次优于2次,1次刈割最佳时间在饲用黑麦的抽穗初期至抽穗期;饲用黑麦春季要进行多次刈割时,每次刈割时株高应在50 cm以下(拔节期以前)进行.到孕穗期则不能再刈割,否则不能再生.     

农牧交错带特征分析与苜蓿燕麦种植区域的形成

农牧交错带生态退化严重,人口增长迅速,存在生态与人口的双重压力。农牧交错带的可持续发展必须将保护生态寓于经济发展之中。退耕种草,发展畜牧业是该区域的农业经营方向。通过在农牧交错带建立苜蓿、燕麦种植区域,可形成有特色的营养体农业。     

Performance of legume–grass mixtures in the West Balkan region

Three perennial legumes (alfalfa, red clover and birdsfoot trefoil) and four cool-season perennial grasses (orchardgrass, tall fescue, Italian ryegrass and red fescue) were grown in legume–grass combinations and in pure stands of individual species, at three locations in the West Balkan region (Novi Sad, Banja Luka and Pristina) in the period from 2012 to 2015. The study evaluated dry matter yield, legume–grass–weed proportion and forage quality. High annual forage yield of legume–grass mixtures can be obtained with proper selection of species and an appropriate legume–grass ratio. However, high and stable yield, particularly in the case of grasses, depends on the amount and schedule of precipitation as well as the cutting time. The mixtures and legume pure stands achieved better forage production both per cutting and on the annual basis and had better forage quality than grass pure stands.     

Switchgrass forage yield and biofuel quality with no-tillage interseeded winter legumes in the southern Great Plains

Information is limited on using winter legumes as a source of nitrogen (N) intercropped with switchgrass in the southern Great Plains of the United States. The objectives of this study were to evaluate N contribution of several winter legumes to switchgrass, and to determine the influence of winter legumes on biofuel quality and soil fertility status. Field experiments were conducted at two locations in Oklahoma in which six winter legumes and four rates of N fertilizer were studied over a 3-year period. Winter legumes did not increase switchgrass forage yield, cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose concentrations at any location. Soil organic matter (OM), nitrate-N (NO₃-N), soil test phosphorus (P), soil test potassium (K), and soil pH remained unchanged. In contrast, applying inorganic N only increased switchgrass yield. This study demonstrated that southern Great Plains may not be conducive to utilizing legumes as the primary N source for switchgrass.     

Estimating nutritive values of Jasminum fruticans L. plant species in northern rangelands of Golestan province

Information on different rangeland plants' nutritive values on different plant parts and for various habitats is important in rangelands management. Effects of different plant parts (stems and leaves) of the Jasminum fruticans L. plant species on forage quality indicators were investigated in two regions in 2015. Plant samples were collected from Sharlogh rangelands and cultivated in the Research and Education Center of Agricultural and Natural Resources (RECANR) in Iran with completely randomized design with three replications in each plant sample. The plant leaves and stems samples were oven-dried at 80°C for 24 hr, and then analyzed for crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), dry matter (DM), ether extract (EE), crude ash (CA), metabolizable energy (ME), and mineral elements, including calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P). Results showed that the forage quality indicators in different regions were statistically significant, except for the CA. Also, nutritive values differed significantly (p < 0.01) between different plant parts, except ME parameter. Results also indicated that J. fruticans due to its high tissue CP content is a valuable source of forage for livestock.     

喀斯特岩溶地区“草—畜”农业生产模式初探——以古周村为例

以喀斯特地区的古周村为例,比较了当地"草—畜"生产模式与传统生产模式固碳能力、土壤水分含量和土壤养分情况,并介绍了古周村养殖业及沼气利用情况。结果表明:桂牧一号人工草地的净初级生产力和碳固定量均高于玉米,呈极显著差异;2种土地利用方式对土壤SOC无显著影响;牧草地TP、TK含量显著低于玉米地,牧草对养分需求远高于玉米;古周村的沼气利用情况说明该地的农业生产模式正初步向"草—畜—沼"循环农业模式转变,但利用方式和效率还有待于进一步改善和提高。     

饲用苎麻新品种闽饲苎1号的选育

以高产、再生能力强、耐旱、适应性广等的苎麻资源——平和苎麻为亲本,采用钴60γ射线获得的饲用苎麻新品系,经过实生苗种植、优异突变体筛选,初步筛选出平优异株系平和苎麻-2,再经过品种比较试验,最终育成一个产量高、抗逆性好、粗蛋白含量高、宿根性强新品种——平和苎麻-2,2012年正式命名为饲用苎麻闽饲苎1号。在2年5点区试试验中平均年鲜草产量和干草产量分别达138.8t·hm~(-2)和28.0t·hm~(-2),比对照中饲苎1号分别增产32.15%和37.08%,均达极显著水平;闽饲苎1号生产性试验年平均鲜草产量和干草产量分别为140.7t·hm~(-2)和24.7t·hm~(-2),分别比对照中饲苎1号增产18.9%和17.32%,均达极显著水平。     

Animal and forage responses on Maximus,a tetraploid cultivar vs Marshall,a diploid cultivar of annual ryegrass

This 2‐year grazing study carried out at Raymond, Mississippi, USA, evaluated animal performance and forage characteristics of a tetraploid (“Maximus”) vs a diploid cultivar (“Marshall”) of annual ryegrass at three stocking rates (SR; 3.5, 5.0 or 7.5 animals per ha). Angus cross‐bred heifers (Bos taurus; initial body weight [BW] = 240 kg) were continuously stocked on pastures at set stocking rates for the duration of the study. Stocking rates and cultivars were arranged in a 3 × 2 factorial design that was completely randomized with two replications. There was no cultivar effect (p = .449) on average annual herbage mass (HM). However, HM decreased linearly with increasing SR (p = .001) from 3.8 to 2.5 t ha^?1 during Year 1 and 4.4 to 3.8 t ha^?1 during Year 2 (p = .028). In Year 2, there was a difference in water‐soluble carbohydrates (WSC) between cultivars (p = .012; Marshall, 117.0 vs Maximus, 139.0 g/kg). There was no cultivar effect (p > .10) on average daily gain (ADG) in either year of the study. In both years, ADG decreased linearly with increasing SR (p = .001) from 1.22 to 0.98 kg/d during Year 1 and 1.31 to 1.08 kg/d during Year 2. Across years, gain ha^?1 increased linearly (p < .001) with increasing SR. Our results showed no difference in animal performance and HM between the two cultivars. Producers’ choice of annual ryegrass cultivar should be based on seeding cost and agronomic traits that allow for better adaptation of the forage.     

Natural diversity in vegetative and reproductive investments of perennial ryegrass is shaped by the climate at the place of origin

In forage grasses, vegetative and reproductive investments are major determinants of yield and persistence. A survey of the diversity of vegetative and reproductive investment traits was carried out on 213 perennial ryegrass genotypes, representing 51 natural European accessions. Plants were phenotyped for traits related to leaf elongation, tillering, reproductive investment and heading date, at two locations with markedly different climates. Strong genetic effects for all traits were found. Interactions between genotype and location were moderate. Plants showed stronger spring leaf growth, lower numbers of tillers and higher reproductive investments at Lusignan (France) than at Melle (Belgium). Plant growth rate and tillering capacity were genetically nearly independent suggesting breeding for both traits simultaneously and independently should be possible. A high genetic diversity was observed for all traits. This diversity was structured in three main clusters. One cluster comprised early‐flowering genotypes with high reproductive investments and high spring growth rates. The remaining genotypes fell into two clusters based on differences in tillering capacity. Clear links were found between traits and the climatic conditions of the region of origin of the accessions. Autumn growth rate was positively correlated with solar radiation at the region of origin in October and February.     

The impact of hydrolyzing and oxidizing agents on chemical composition and digestibility of various high‐fibre forages

Urea (U), sodium hypochlorite (H) and sodium chloride (S) alone or combined were applied upon high‐fibre forages (HFF) in three experiments. Experiment (Exp) I: tall wheatgrass (TW), weeping lovegrass (WL), deferred sorghum (DS) and barley straw (BS) as substrates were untreated (U0) or treated with 4 g 100 g^?1 DM (U4), and stored for 45 days. Within each forage, CP and IVDMD were increased by U4 (p < 0.01). Exp II: TW was treated with U and H: U (as in Exp I) and H (at 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1 g active Cl 100 g^?1 DM), alone or combined. The interaction U*H was significant for ADF, ADL and CP. For U4+H0.25 ADF and ADL decreased (p < 0.01). For U0, ADL was reduced from H.025 through H1.00 (p < 0.05). U4 increased IVDMD and CP (p < 0.01). Exp III: oat straw (O) was treated with U0 and U4, H0 and H1, S0 and S4 (4 g S 100 g^?1 DM), including all combinations at 3 storage times (T = 10, 20 and 30 days). Interactions U*S*H*T for ADL, U*H*T for NDF and CP and S*H*T for IVDMD (p < 0.05) were found. ADF was reduced by U4, H1 and S1 (p < 0.01). The greatest decrease (4.5%) was with U4. Principal components analysis showed U4S4H1 highly related to IVDMD for all T. All treatments had little or no impact on NDF, ADF and ADL content. Lower quality forages had greatest improvements in digestibility and N‐retention.