甜菜碱在养殖业中的营养机理

甜菜碱作为饲料添加剂已经在养殖业上得到了广泛的应用,它具有调节动物脂肪代谢、改善家禽的生产能力、促进动物的生长和抗球虫病等疗效。本文对甜菜碱在脂肪代谢和甲基代谢中的机理进行了阐述,对甜菜碱与甲硫氨酸和胆碱在添加剂中的添加效果进行了比较,并就其对饲料中维生素的保护作用和在水产养殖中的营养机理进行了综述。甜菜碱作为安全高效的营养性饲料添加剂,具有广阔的应用前景。     

种植牧草改良盐碱化草地试验研究

针对近年来羊草草地利用不合理,载畜量过大,出现不同程度退化和盐碱化的问题。为改善草地植物生存条件,对退化、盐碱化草地进行了种草改良试验研究。结果表明,种植4种牧草后均改善了土壤养分状况,均增加土壤中的氮、磷和钾,其中敖汉苜蓿效果最佳,总氮和速效氮含量分别增加0.50%和31.91mg/kg,土壤中全磷和速效磷含量分别增加0.252%和11.33mg/kg,土壤中速效钾含量增加24.37mg/kg。含盐量和pH均有不同程度降低,最佳是碱茅,含盐量和pH分别下降0.058和0.9,其次为军需1号野大麦,含盐量和pH分别下降0.04和0.74。适应性强,抗旱、抗寒、耐盐碱,产量高、品质好。     

不同碳水化合物源对饲料油菜青贮品质的影响

为油菜多功能开发利用、促进种养结合,以饲料油菜华油杂62为材料,添加不同来源碳水化合物进行青贮比较试验,研究高水分饲料油菜青贮技术.试验分为5组,分别将20％的各碳水化合物原料(麸皮、玉米粉、米糠、玉米淀粉)与高水分饲料油菜混合青贮,青贮45 d后进行感官评定并测定营养成分、pH、有机酸含量等.结果表明,添加各碳水化合...     

6个双低油菜品系饲用性能比较及农艺性状、营养成分动态变化

为筛选适宜川东北地区种植的饲用油菜新品种,以6个双低油菜新品系为试验材料,对不同刈割时期的生物产量、植物学特性、营养成分,及油菜农艺性状与营养品质动态变化进行测定,并对饲用价值进行评价。结果表明：(1)初花期进行第1次刈割,各品系具较好再生性,整个生长季可实现2次刈割,刈割间隔为 35～37 天;2 次刈割时鲜草产量分别为 43.24～50.89、13.94～20.03 t/hm²,年鲜草产量为 57.40～70.46 t/hm²,年干草产量为 6.11～7.28 t/hm²,其中,‘中绵油 783’鲜草产量最高,为 70.46 t/hm²,显著高于(P<0.05)其他参试品系。(2)初次刈割时各品系农艺性状存在显著差异,‘南油 714’株高显著高于(P<0.05)其他品系,达 162.11 cm;‘中绵油 783’叶片数最多,为 19.11 片;‘南油 658’茎叶比最低,为 0.91。(3)第1次刈割时‘南油12’粗蛋白含量为15.64%,显著高于(P<0.05)其他参试品系;...     

坝上农牧交错区一年生饲草与主要农作物水分利用效率比较研究

为探究河北坝上地区饲草与作物对水资源的利用程度,本研究在河北省察北管理区种植3种一年生饲草(燕麦Avena sativa L.、箭筈豌豆Vicia sativa L.、玉米Zea mays L.)和4种主要农作物(莜麦Avena chinensis Metzg.、小麦Triticum aestivum L.、胡麻Linum usitatissimum L.、马铃薯Solanum tuberosum L.),通过种植试验比较一年生饲草和农作物水资源利用效率的差异,得出以下结论：一年生饲草产量高于农作物,其平均水分利用率(52.93%)比农作物水分利用率(36.33%)高出16.60%,玉米产量(63.92 t·hm^-2)最高,水分利用率最高(141.80%),马铃薯(19.53%)水分利用率最低;一年生饲草水分利用率由植株磷含量、植株钾含量、温度、细胞间CO₂浓度、鲜干比共同解释;农作物水分利用率由茎叶比、植物氮含量和细胞间CO₂浓度共同解释。     

海南省热带饲用植物资源现状与开发对策

概述海南自然资源和热带饲用植物资源现状，分析开发热带饲用植物资源面临的问题，并提出了对策。     

Temporal and spatial dynamics of mineral levels of forage,soil and cattle blood serum in two semi-arid savannas of South Africa

In this study, we examined temporal and spatial dynamics of minerals of forage, soil and cattle serum in two savannas (valley and plain) of South Africa. The aims were to explore the relationships between ecosystem components, and plan communal grazing and fodder flow for sustainable livestock production. In each area, grazing sites near, at intermediate distance from (middle) and far from homesteads were selected. In the valley land, site interacted with season to influence local variations (P<0.05) of soil calcium and microelements. In the plain lands, local variations occurred for soil phosphorus and magnesium. At the large scale, most macro-minerals showed differences between the valley and plain lands. In the valley areas, forage calcium differed (P<0.05) locally in the dry season, whereas in the plain areas, potassium and phosphorus showed local variations (P<0.05) in the wet season. Seasonal variations of most forage elements were significant within each local site of both study areas. All forages were deficient in phosphorus and copper. Cattle serum from the valley area had low iron concentrations. The study concluded that biotic and abiotic factors may influence the distribution of soil and forage elements, but their effects may vary between the two areas. Rangeland improvement and supplementation strategies are suggested to sustain animal production.     

高寒草地西北针茅生长发育特征及与气象因子的关系

利用1999～2009年连续11年的定位观测数据,研究了高寒草地西北针茅的生长发育特征与气象因子的关系。结果表明,在3月中旬,如果气温升高,返青日会推迟,这主要因为高温促使土壤水分蒸发,而土壤干旱阻碍返青;返青后,如果≥0℃的积温不足或累计日照时数不足,针茅的抽穗期会推迟;开花期的当日平均气温在10～20℃,如果抽穗-...     

Influence of temperature on the growth of bermudagrass selections from the Appalachian region

Abstract

The hilly terrain of the Appalachian region creates an environment in which large differences in soil temperature occur over a very short distance on the landscape. The ability of a grass to display adequate growth over a range of temperatures would greatly enhance its adaptability and use as a forage or for soil conservation. A growth chamber experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of temperature on the growth of six bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] selections from the Appalachian region. Midland, a cold tolerant bermudagrass, was included in the study for comparison purposes. The grasses were grown under a 14 hour day length with three day/night temperature regimes: 18°C/13°C, 27°C/21°C, and 35^OC/29°C. Two of the selections had significantly higher dry matter production than Midland over the range of temperatures.

This effect was especially pronounced at 35°C where the top growth of Quicksand common and Selection 13 exceeded that of Midland by 206% and 158%, respectively. The higher yielding selections were comparable to the other bermudagrasses when mineral concentrations, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and acid detergent lignin levels were considered. Both Quicksand common and Selection 13 seem to have the potential to be particularily useful on south facing slopes where elevated soil temperatures are encountered.     

Effect of Planting Sequence and Time, and Nitrogen on Maize Legume Intercrop Yield

Productivity of maize ( Zea mays L.) legume intercrops is determined by soil, management, and environment. Planting sequence and time and N fertilization are easily controlled management factors but their effects on intercrop yields are not well understood. Maize grown in monoculture or intercropped with polebean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) or cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata [L.] Warp.) was studied for two growing seasons at Morgantown, WV. Crops were seeded in the following sequences: maize before legume, both at the same time, and legume before maize. Planting times were early May or mid June. Nitrogen was applied at 0 or 160 kg ha⁻¹. Maize grain and forage, legume grain and forage, and total forage production were determined on a dry matter basis. Intercropping (average of all treatments) reduced maize grain and forage yields compared to maize in monoculture but had no effect on total forage production. However, total forage production was greatest when the seeding sequence was maize intercropped at the same time or before cowpea. Cowpea never produced grain, but forage production was almost double that of polebean. Maize produced most forage when seeded before the legumes, and the legumes produced most forage when seeded before maize. Early planting increased maize production and decreased legume production. Nitrogen increased maize grain, maize forage, and total forage yields but had not effect on legume forage production. It is concluded that maize/legume intercrops show promise for increasing forage production in temperate areas and more research on planting times and densities, weed control, harvesting and management is needed.