Evaluation of Near Infra-red Reflectance Spectroscopy for Predicting Grain and Stover Quality Traits in Maize

The prediction of grain and stover quality parameters in maize {Zea mays L.) by near infra-red reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was studied. A total of 110 grain and 135 stover samples originating from different genotypes and environments were assayed. Calibration equations for content of crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), starch (ST), and water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) in grain were obtained by multiple linear regression of known manual values on NIRS data from the odd numbered samples. Calibrations for CP, acid detergent fibre (ADF), in vitro digestible organic matter according to the Tilley & Terry (IVDOM-T & T) and the gas production (IVDOM-Gp) method, respectively, and metabolizable energy (ME) in stover were developed analogously. Equations were validated with the evennumbered .samples and for ME additionally with the 1584 stover samples from an experiment with 66 F₁ hybrids tested in six environments. The coefficients of multiple determination (R²) of the prediction equations ranged from 0.80 for IVDOM-Gp and ME in stover to 0.94 for CP in grain. Standard errors of calibration (SEC) and prediction (SEP) were in most cases not higher than commonly reported for conventional manual assays. With regard to the correct ranking of hybrids, prediction equations for ME applied well to stover samples from other environments with one exception. We concluded that NIRS can evaluate the quality traits investigated to a similar degree to that of conventional methods of analysis. Since NIRS is simple and safe to operate and allows rapid screening of several quality traits simultaneously, it should be particularly attractive for breeding purposes.     

百脉根早熟品系农艺性状初报

对里奥、迈瑞伯和百脉根早熟品系(源于迈瑞伯)在甘肃景泰的生长状况进行了观察,并对3个品种的物候期、产草量、越冬率等进行了比较.结果表明:早熟品系较其他2个品种物候期明显提前,生育天数明显缩短.早熟品系年均鲜、干草产量分别达42.593、10.553 t/hm2,迈瑞伯分别为29.490、7.562 t/hm2,早熟品系干、鲜草产量极显著高于迈瑞伯;里奥的干草产量为9.604 t/hm2,极显著低于早熟品系.试验结果还表明,早熟品系的生长速度及越冬率均优于迈瑞伯,其在景泰地区的生长表现良好.     

中亚热带红壤丘陵岗地人工草地建植技术初步总结(1986～1990年)

本文针对中亚热带低海拔地区的土壤气候特点,总结了从草种选择、地面处理、整地施肥到播种保苗的研究结果和实践经验,提出了红壤丘陵岗地建植人工草地的技术措施和草地初期管理意见.     

适合江淮地区种植的饲用小黑麦品种筛选研究

通过不同饲用小黑麦品种比较试验,结合抗病性、抗寒性、抗倒伏等综合性状分析.结果表明:中饲237、中新830、WOH828在不同生育期的鲜草、干草产量均较对照冬牧70有较大幅度增加,且适应性强,抗倒伏,适宜在江淮地区种植与推广;NSHW11、NTH139的鲜草、干草产量各生育期起伏较大,与对照冬牧70水平相当,应继续参加品比试验;OKLON、BUTES草产量偏低,利用价值不高.     

饲用甘蔗品种闽牧42在贵州南部地区的适应性

饲用甘蔗品种闽牧42在贵州南部地区的引种栽培试验表明,该品种耐热、抗旱能力强,较耐寒、耐瘠,在贵州南部地区能安全越冬,生长天数250d左右。闽牧42的分蘖能力较强,单株分蘖一般15-25个,生长速度快;株高60-100cm时开始刈割,年刈割4-5次,全年鲜草产量可达150t·hm-2。鲜草品质佳,饲用效果好。其中脂肪含量3.73%,蛋白质含量9.58%,粗纤维含量40.73%,粗灰分含量7.63%,Ca含量0.82%,P含量0.36%,无N浸出物含量31.7%。该品种是贵州南部地区值得推广种植的一种优质高产饲料甘蔗品种。     

燕麦在法库县种植推广的可行性探讨

介绍燕麦的营养价值及其市场前景,阐述法库县在土质、气候、地理环境、人文环境等方面种植燕麦的条件优势,通过对比种植燕麦与玉米的经济收益,探索燕麦在法库县种植的潜力。     

双链型牧草-鹅-鲜食玉米生态农业模式高效配套技术研究

研究并实施了双链型牧草鹅鲜食玉米生态农业模式高效配套技术,该模式实现种草与养鹅在时间的有效衔接,提高了牧草产量和利用率。并分析了牧草鹅鲜食玉米生态农业模式与传统稻麦轮作种植的比较效益     

论南方红黄壤地区饲草开发利用的几种途径

本文在论述我国南方红黄壤地区的自然特征、社会经济、资源与环境现状的基础上，对如何开发利用该区饲草进行了探讨，指出保护和改善生态环境，积极实行林草结合、种养结合、粮草轮作和发展种草配套养鱼以及调制人工干草制品，是该区丘陵山地发展饲草的有效途径。     

Evaluation of Diversity among North American Accessions of False Indigo (Amorpha fruticosa L.) for Forage and Biomass

False indigo (Amorpha fruticosa L.) is a perennial leguminous shrub native to North America. The species could potentially be used for livestock forage, biomass energy, reclamation of degraded environments, or as green manure. Future work with the species will depend upon knowledge of available accessions. Our objectives were to determine (1) the range of diversity among accessions, (2) the correlations among traits across locations, and (3) the distribution of variation among accessions. We studied 21 accessions grown at two locations and a subset of 15 accessions grown at a third location. We measured 47 morphological, agronomic, and phenological traits. All traits were influenced by accession in at least one location (p < 0.05). The mean dry matter (DM) biomass yield of accessions in August ranged from 53 to 1515 g plant⁻¹ and was correlated across locations. False indigo had a high second-year leaf concentration, averaging 660 g kg⁻¹ DM at one location in August. Forage quality of false indigo leaves was high, with average crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations in July of 205, 226, and 235 g kg⁻¹, respectively. Accession means of forage quality traits were poorly correlated across locations, indicating that it would be difficult to improve forage quality through selection. Diversity among accessions was often related to geographic origin. The two southern accessions were distinct from all other accessions, indicating that accessions from distant geographic regions will likely contribute valuable diversity to a plant breeding program.     

Photosynthesis and Leaf Area of Brachiaria brizantha in Response to Phosphorus and Zinc Nutrition

Phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) are important determinants of plant productivity, particularly in the tropical grasslands of Brazil. Nutrient deficiency is one of the most important factors limiting plant productivity, decreasing photosynthesis efficiency and plant development. The present study investigates in Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf. cv. ‘Marandu’: 1) the gas exchange measurements; 2) the total leaf area development; and 3) the dry matter production due to P and Zn nutrition. Plants of B. brizantha cv. ‘Marandu’ were grown in nutrient solution under five rates of P (0.1, 0.6, 1.1, 1.6, and 2.1 mmol L^?1) and five rates of Zn (0.00, 0.75, 1.5, 2.25, and 3.00 μmol L^?1), in a fractioned factorial. Plants were harvested two times. Phosphorus supply increased carbon dioxide (CO₂) assimilation and stomatal conductance, and decreased intercellular CO₂. The interaction P rates x Zn rates were significant for the total leaf area variables and shoot dry matter in the second growth period. The nutrition of P and Zn interfered in the B. brizantha productivity by changing the grass photosynthesis and leaf area.