不同开口饵料对克氏原螯虾幼虾发育及消化酶活性的影响

实验采用丰年虫无节幼体、草鱼鱼糜、水蚯蚓、1号人工配合饲料和2号人工配合饲料为克氏原螯虾的开口饵料,观察幼虾存活率和生长情况。经过40d的培育,对幼虾的胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶的活力进行测定。结果表明：投喂丰年虫无节幼体的实验组幼虾存活率最高,为75,增重率和增长率也最大,分别为4746.00和171.00。幼虾的胃蛋白酶活性与投喂的饵料密切相关,投喂丰年虫无节幼体组幼虾的胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶活性分别为2.18U/mgprot和0.96U/mgprot,极显著高于投喂草鱼鱼糜实验组。实验的5种开口饵料中,丰年虫无节幼体是克氏原螯虾幼虾的最佳开口饵料。摄食丰年虫无节幼体可能提高了主要消化酶的活性,从而促进了克氏原螯虾幼体的生长。     

东海中北部小眼绿鳍鱼的摄食习性分析

根据2008年5月~2009年2月期间采集的渔获样品,对东海中北部小眼绿鳍鱼(Chelidonich-thys spinosus)胃含物进行分析。结果表明:小眼绿鳍鱼食物组成以磷虾类(IRI=1308.55)为主,其次依次为长尾类(IRI=563.09)、鱼类(IRI=170.59)和糠虾类(IRI=31.85);其优势饵料种类为太平洋磷虾、细巧仿对虾、细螯虾、戴氏赤虾、六丝矛尾鰕虎鱼、漂浮小井伊糠虾等。小眼绿鳍鱼终年摄食,其摄食率为83.25%,最高饱满指数达171.86‰,平均饱满指数18.84‰,这表明小眼绿鳍鱼具有较强的摄食强度。同时单因素方差检验表明,小眼绿鳍鱼的摄食强度无显著的季节变化,而有显著的体长变化。     

凡纳滨对虾标准化生态养殖全程管理系统

阐述了基于Web的凡纳滨对虾标准化生态养殖全程管理系统的研发过程。该系统立足数字农业发展与新农村建设的基本国情,采用B/S系统结构、Windows 2000/2003 Server平台、SQL Server 2000数据库、ASP技术和Dreamwaver MX 2004开发环境;依据凡纳滨对虾标准化生态养殖生产工艺过程,采用面向对象的分析和设计方法,最终实现水产养殖环境、苗种放养、渔药使用、饲料投放和产品销售等环节全过程标准化管理。系统包括日常管理、基础信息、系统管理、个人工具、信息查询和报表打印等6大功能模块。广大养殖用户可借助覆盖全球的无线广域通信网络,使用架设在Internet上的管理系统,进行所辖池塘的日常生产信息维护。     

长毛对虾幼体的食性

本文采用11种单细胞藻类、3种动物、2种人工饵料，分别喂养不同发育期的长毛对虾幼体，从其变态速度和存活率，比较各种饵料的效果．并对幼体口器与食性关系、溞状幼体死亡率与食性转化关系，以及人工投饵与生态系育苗相结合的问题作了初步探讨。     

Relationships among condition indices, feeding and growth of walleye in Lake Erie

Abstract  Condition indices are often used as surrogates of fish health, growth, and feeding and to compare ecological well-being among fish populations. In an effort to identify easily measured indices, growth and food consumption were compared with gonadal-somatic index, liver-somatic index (LSI), fat-somatic index and relative weight ( W _r) for ages 1–3 walleye, Sander vitreus (Mitchill), in Lake Erie from 1986 to 1988. The LSI and W _r were significantly correlated with growth rate or food consumption, but correlations were too small to be considered biologically meaningful. Furthermore, no consistent relationships between condition indices and growth or consumption were found among combinations of fish age and season. None of the indices are considered reliable surrogates for more laborious estimates of growth and food consumption for Lake Erie walleye. Significant relationships between W _r and relative abundance of key prey species warrant further investigation.     

Food consumption and digestive enzyme activity of Clarias batrachus exposed to various temperatures

The effect of temperature on the food consumption rate and the digestive enzyme activities of Clarias batrachus (80.60 ± 5.34 g) were evaluated. Fish were exposed to six different temperatures of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C following an acclimation temperature of 25 °C. The rate of temperature change was 2 °C day^?1. Highest food consumption was recorded at 25 °C. It gradually reduced with decreasing water temperature. Food consumption rate was significantly (P < 0.05) lower at 10 °C compared with other treatments. Hence, 46.67, 8.20–23.58 and 1.02–6.15% reduced food consumptions were recorded in groups exposed at 10, 15 and 20 °C temperatures, respectively, compared with the 25 °C. The consumption rate was not affected in fish exposed at 30 and 35 °C. Total protease, trypsin and chymotrypsin activities were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in fish exposed at 25 °C compared with others. Lipase activity was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in fish exposed at 30 °C compared with others. Lowest enzyme activities were recorded at 10 °C. Water temperature below 25 °C affected the food consumption and digestive enzyme activities in fish that served as indicators of stress in fish.     

Effects of body size and water temperature on food consumption and growth in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) with special reference to aestivation

To investigate the effects of body size and water temperature on feeding and growth in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka), the maximum rate of food consumption in terms of energy (C_maxe; J day^?1) and the specific growth rate in terms of energy (SGRe; % day^?1) in animals of three body sizes (mean±SE) – large (134.0±3.5 g), medium (73.6±2.2 g) and small (36.5±1.2 g) – were determined at water temperatures of 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30°C. Maximum rate of food consumption in terms of energy increased and SGRe decreased with increasing body weight at 10, 15 and 20°C. This trend, however, was not apparent at 25 and 30°C, which could be influenced by aestivation. High water temperatures (above 20°C) were disadvantageous to feeding and growth of this animal; SGRe of A. japonicus during aestivation was negative. The optimum temperatures for food consumption and for growth were similar and were between 14 and 15°C, and body size seemed to have a slight effect on the optimal temperature for food consumption or growth. Because aestivation of A. japonicus was temperature dependent, the present paper also documented the threshold temperatures to aestivation as indicated by feeding cessation. Deduced from daily food consumption of individuals, the threshold temperature to aestivation for large and medium animals (73.3–139.3 g) was 24.5?25.5°C, while that for small animals (28.9–40.7 g) was between 25.5 and 30.5°C. These values are higher than previous reports; differences in sign of aestivation, experimental condition and dwelling district of test animals could be the reasons.     

逆流运动训练对多鳞四须鲃摄食、生长和体营养成分的影响

在室内条件下［水温(28?1) ℃］,设置0.7 BL/s和2.0 BL/s 2个流速组以及一个静水对照组,研究了不同逆流运动训练对多鳞四须鲃幼鱼［体质量(75.21?2.82) g］摄食、生长和体营养成分的影响。实验分1~23 d和23~45 d两个阶段,共进行45 d。实验结果表明,多鳞四须鲃平均日摄食率随流速增加而增大,但体长特定生长率、体质量特定生长率和食物转换率均以0.7 BL/s组最高,静水组次之,2.0 BL/s组最低,且三者间差异显著(P<0.05)。不同流速下多鳞四须鲃肌肉水分和灰分含量差异不显著(P>0.05),但随流速增大,多鳞四须鲃肌肉中蛋白质含量增加,而脂肪含量却显著下降。在实验末期,2.0 BL/s流速组的氨基酸总含量(82.63%)、必需氨基酸总含量(34.34%)和鲜味氨基酸总含量(33.50%)均显著高于静水对照组(78.27%,32.6%,30.63%)(P<0.05)。研究表明,较低流速(0.7 BL/s)的运动训练明显促进多鳞四须鲃的生长,提高食物转化率和增加肌肉蛋白质含量,高流速(2.0 BL/s)的运动训练不利于生长,但却能显著提高肌肉必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸含量。     

Mass Production of Freshwater Rotifer,Brachionus calyciflorus,Under Different Diets and Regimes

ABSTRACT

The production ability of freshwater rotifer, Brachionus calyciflorus, cultured with two algal species, Chlorella vulgaris, and Spirulina platensis, and a baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, were studied using semicontinuous culture method. B. calyciflorus was fed with the above three types of food at five different concentrations (125, 250, 500,750, and 1,000 μg/mL). Among the three different types of diet, maximum production of B. calyciflorus (489.20 ±10.91 individuals/mL; P < 0.05) was obtained with C. vulgaris, followed by S. cerevisiae, and S. platensis. Moreover, in each of the three diets, the maximum rotifer production was obtained at a particular concentration (C. vulgaris, 750 μg/mL; S. cerevisiae, 750 μg/mL; and S. platensis, 500 μg/mL) beyond which the rotifer production decreased. The peak production due to C. vulgaris (489 individuals/mL) was better than S. cerevisiae (321 individuals/mL) when the number of rotifers was considered. The present study indicates that the quantity and quality of food have a significant role on the rotifer production and that C. vulgaris at 750 μg/mL appears suitable to feed to rotifers for maximal production.     

Most fish destined for fishmeal production are food‐grade fish

Marine fisheries target and catch fish both for direct human consumption (DHC) as well as for fishmeal and fish oil, and other products. We derived the fractions used for each for 1950–2010 by fishing country, and thus provide a factual foundation for discussions of the optimal use of fisheries resources. From 1950 to 2010, 27% (~20 million tonnes annually) of globally reconstructed marine fisheries landings were destined for uses other than DHC. Importantly, 90% of fish destined for uses other than DHC are food‐grade or prime food‐grade fish, while fish without a ready market for DHC make up a much smaller proportion. These findings have implications for how we are using fish to feed ourselves or, more appropriately, how we are not using fish to feed ourselves.