高强度聚偏氟乙烯纤维的熔融纺丝法制备

为得到高拉伸强度的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)纤维,通过正交试验和单因素试验,研究了熔融纺丝法制备PVDF纤维的工艺条件,并利用热分析(DSC)、红外光谱法(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和拉伸试验研究了纤维的晶体结构、晶区取向和力学性能.研究结果表明:纺丝过程中影响纤维拉伸强度的因素主次顺序为卷绕速度＞喷头温度＞喷嘴直径＞入水距离,最优条件为卷绕速率10.2 m/min,喷头温度240℃,喷嘴直径2.0 mm,入水距离40 cm;初生纤维既含有α晶型,也有β晶型,冷拉伸使得纤维发生α→β晶型转变,总体结晶度和取向度均有提高,拉伸强度明显提高,并在最大拉伸倍数6.5倍左右达到最大值591 MPa.     

不同熏蒸剂处理防治黄瓜根结线虫效果及经济效益分析

选用93%1,3-二氯丙烯乳油(EC)、62%1,3-二氯丙烯胶囊、42%威百亩水剂(AS)、98%棉隆微粒剂(MG)、99%硫酰氟原药(TC)、93%1,3-二氯丙烯EC+98%棉隆MG、93%1,3-二氯丙烯EC+42%威百亩AS防治黄瓜根结线虫,以98%溴甲烷为对照。结果表明:不同熏蒸剂对根结线虫均有良好的防治效果。各熏蒸处理黄瓜产量均显著高于不施药对照,以50g·m-298%溴甲烷处理产量最高,其次为9g·m-293%1,3-DEC+25g·m-298%棉隆MG、9g·m-293%1,3-DEC+21g·m-242%威百亩AS;混用的溴甲烷替代品与溴甲烷相比,经济效益更好。9～18g·m-293%1,3-DEC、9～18g·m-262%1,3-D胶囊和25～50g·m-299%硫酰氟TC处理也有很好的增产效果和良好的经济效益。     

The effects of different anticoagulants on routine canine plasma biochemistry

The effects of heparin, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), sodium citrate and sodium fluoride/potassium oxalate on plasma biochemistry results in dogs were studied and compared with serum. Blood specimens from 10 apparently clinical healthy dogs were collected and placed in different tubes containing each anticoagulant tested. Differences in albumin, acetylcholinesterase, ionized calcium and potassium were found between serum and heparinized plasma. Most metabolites and enzymes did not show any variation, but significant decreases in electrolytes, alkaline phosphatase, acetylcholinesterase, bile acids, fructosamine and albumin were found when EDTA was used. Sodium citrate produced a 10-15% decrease in most metabolites and enzymes, possibly due to a sample dilution effect. Sodium fluoride/potassium oxalate produced haemolysis which may have influenced changes in some biochemical parameters.     

高氟低营养对山羊牙齿发育影响的扫描电镜观察

为了探索高氟低蛋白对牙齿发育的影响 ,阐明牙齿过度磨损的机理 ,应用扫描电镜对第一、二切齿脱钙前的矿化及脱钙后的基质结构作了观察。结果表明 ,脱钙前对照组牙本质小管纵向排列整齐 ,走向一致 ;中毒组第一切齿牙本质小管纵向排列不齐 ,走向紊乱。脱钙后 ,对照组牙齿胶元纤维排列整齐致密 ,而中毒组胶元纤维排列较疏松 ;对照组横断面牙本质小管分布均匀 ,管径大小一致 ,管型规则 ,管壁与管间质密度一致 ;而中毒组小管口径不一 ,管型不规则。结论 :高氟低蛋白营养首先影响牙基质的发育 ,进一步影响矿化 ,从而使牙齿整体发育不良 ,过度磨损。     

呼和浩特市南郊大气中的氟化物浓度的研究

1990～1991年对呼和浩特市南郊大气中的氟化物浓度用石灰滤纸法进行了测定,对引起某些采样点测定结果偏高的原因进行了分析。讨论了大气氟化物浓度随时间变化的特点。得出了在工作区范围内,呼市南郊是大气氟化物的清洁区的结论。结合1982～1984年农牧学院大气氟化物浓度测定结果,提出在农牧学院附近大气中氟化物浓度呈逐年上升趋势。     

氧弹燃烧-氟离子选择电极法测定蔬菜中的氟

本试验建立了一种测定蔬菜中氟含量的新方法。蔬菜经氧弹燃烧处理后在一定浓度的高氯酸和柠檬酸钠的介质中利用氟离子选择性电极法测定其微量氟。菠菜、卷心菜、油菜、生菜、香麦、白菜中氟的测定结果表明,氟离子浓度为1.0×10-2~1.0×10-6mol/L范围内呈现良好线性关系,线性相关系数r为0.999 3,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.93%~1.91%(n=6),不同添加水平中回收率均在96.4%~105.7%之间。     

氟化钠处理对幼兔的钙镁磷含量的影响（英文）

试验中,给一月龄幼兔给予了含有浓度分别为0、150和300 mg.L^-1氟化钠的饮用水为期40 d的处理,测量其肌肉、肝和血浆钙、镁和磷含量的变化。结果表明：肌肉、肝和血浆中钙和镁的含量发生了明显的变化,而其血浆磷水平出现了不具有明显差异的增加。上述实验结果说明,饲养动物的饮用水中若含有较高的水平的氟化物应添加钙和镁以维持钙和镁的代谢稳态。     

氟化氢胁迫对大戟科苗木叶绿素荧光特性及电导率的影响研究

氟化氢通过植物叶片气孔进入细胞内,进而影响植物的生理特性.为了研究氟化氢气体对5种大戟科树种2a生营养袋苗生理的影响,利用熏气方式模拟大气氟化氢污染,测定了叶片的叶绿素荧光参数和细胞膜透性并进行综合评价,结果表明:5种大戟科树种在熏气过程中均受到伤害,各项指标均不同程度的变化,其中秋枫(Bischofia javanica)的相对电导率与对照相比升高了468.75％;综合评价得出5种大戟科树种抗氟化氢能力大小排序为千年桐(Vernicia montana)(0.82)＞黄桐(Endospermum chinense)(0.46)＞秋枫(0.40)＞血桐(Macaranga tanarius)(0.32)＞白楸(Mallotus paniculatus)(0.27),在空气中氟化氢污染较为严重的区域种植大戟科乡土树种应优先选择千年桐和黄桐等.     

湖南现行家蚕品种资源对氟化物的抗性

于4龄期分别采用150、300、600、1 200、2 400mg/kgNaF的2倍稀释液对湖南省现行家蚕22个品种资源进行添毒试验,通过机率值法和最小二乘法,分别得出NaF对各品种的毒力回归方程和对家蚕品种资源的半致死量(LC50).结果表明:湖南省现行家蚕品种间的LC50差异较大,抗性强品种1514、秋白B、853...     

Some Observations on Endemic Fluorosis in Domestic Animals in Southern Rajasthan (India)

Chronic fluoride toxicity in the form of osteo-dental fluorosis was observed in cattle, buffaloes, sheep and goats from 21 villages of Banswara, Dungarpur and Udaipur districts of Southern Rajasthan where the mean fluoride concentration in drinking water varied from 1.5 to 4.0 ppm. The prevalence of dental fluorosis in calves (<1 year age) was greater than that in adult cattle and buffaloes. At a fluoride concentration in the water of 4.0 ppm, 100% of calves, 65.6% of buffaloes and 61.0% of cattle were found to be affected with dental fluorosis to varying degrees. In the older group of buffaloes, their teeth were brownish black instead of creamy yellow as found in calves and cattle. Out of 780 goats and 564 sheep, none revealed evidence of osteo-dental fluorosis. The overall prevalence of skeletal fluorosis was 8.5%, with the highest prevalence of 29.0% in cattle and 37.5% in buffaloes at a fluoride concentration of 3.2 ppm. None of the calves were affected with skeletal fluorosis. Intermittent lameness was observed in the older group of animals (>7 years age) at 2.8 ppm fluoride or more in the water. None of the fluorotic animals exhibited any apparent evidence of hypothyroidism, stunted growth or low milk production. There was no correlation between gender and the prevalence of fluorosis, but the prevalence and severity of skeletal fluorosis increased with increasing fluoride concentration and age. Possible factors causing variation in fluorosis in the cattle and buffaloes in villages with identical fluoride concentrations are discussed.