低温条件下混合乳酸菌制剂对芦苇发酵品质的影响

为探讨低温条件下混合乳酸菌制剂对芦苇(Phragmites australis Cav.Trin.ex Sterd.)发酵品质的影响,对含水量为40%的芦苇添加混合乳酸菌制,分别设计4℃和0℃的发酵温度,密封发酵,分别取3,4,5,6,7和8周的发酵样品分析。结果表明:在0℃条件下,发酵后第5周pH值出现显著下降(P<0.05),第8周NDF含量显著降低(P<0.05)。在4℃条件下,发酵第3周起pH值一直保持在4.20以下。在相同发酵时间内,4℃条件比0℃条件时的pH值显著降低(P<0.05),乳酸菌数量、乳酸产量显著提高(P<0.05),乙酸产量显著降低(P<0.05)。在低温条件下,对每克干物质添加6.63(lg CFU·g^-1DM)的混合乳酸菌,可使含水量为40%的芦苇启动发酵。为保证得到优良发酵质量,发酵时间应在6周以上。     

Effects of exogenous amylase on the in vitro digestion kinetics of whole-crop maize silages made from flint or dent grain type at different phenological stages grown in tropical condition

The effect of exogenous amylase on the in vitro rumen digestion kinetics of whole-crop maize silage made from dent (RB9004) or flint grain type (RB9308) was evaluated at different phenological stages: soft dough (SOD), early dent (EAD), ½ milkline (½M) and ¾ milkline (¾M). Forage was harvested from 70 to 110 days after sowing. Two rumen-cannulated cows receiving or not exogenous amylase (0.7 g/kg dry matter—DM, provided to achieve 396 kilo Novo units of amylase activity/kg of TMR DM) were used as donor of ruminal fluid. The in vitro gas production kinetics was evaluated according to a dual-pool logistic model. The chemical composition and gas production kinetics were affected by the hybrid and phenological stages. The flint hybrid had lower range for chemical analysis among physiological stages. Harvesting at ½M and ¾M improved DM content, bromatological composition and silage quality parameters compared to dent or flint types. Amylase (i) increased methane (CH₄) production and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) in ½M stage, (ii) improved digestion kinetics by reducing lag time and increasing total gas production and fermentation rates of non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) and fibrous carbohydrates (FC), and (iii) increased extent and fermentation rate of NFC and increased fermentation rate of FC fraction in whole-crop maize silages produced from dent or flint types in all phenological stages. Harvesting between ½M and ¾M is the best phenological stage to improve chemical composition and silage quality parameters. Exogenous amylase showed improvements on fibre digestion of silages at ½M and ¾M phenological stages in both grain types of corn.     

优质牦牛肉肉质的综合评价

2000-2002年对大通牛场40头6月龄不同性别的全哺乳牦牛的肉质进行了综合评价。对供试牦牛肌肉pH、嫩度、肌纤维细度、系水率、肉的贮存损失、肉的煮熟时间、熟肉率和烹饪损失率及肉色等进行了评价，分析了肌肉的化学成分，氨基酸及微量元素含量。结果表明该牦牛肉系水率强，肉的煮熟时间短，肉的贮存损失及烹饪损失较小，肌纤维较细，肉色深红。并具有蛋白质含量高，脂肪含量低及富含各种氨基酸的特点。     

几种预处理对两种贮藏期线叶嵩草萌发的影响

对室温下保存了 3个月和 6个月的线叶嵩草种子做了不同预处理的发芽试验 ,结果表明 :用青霉素、赤霉素、硫酸预处理 ,保存 3个月的种子均没有发芽 ,保存 6个月的发芽率有所提高 ;用2 0g l的氢氧化钠预处理 3小时 ,种子发芽率可获最高 ,贮存 3个月和 6个月的分别达 45 %和3 7.5 %。     

Effect of time delay and storage temperature on blood gas and acid-base values of bovine venous blood

The aim of this study was to investigate possible changes in the gas composition and acid-base values of bovine venous blood samples stored at different temperatures (+4, 22 and 37 degrees C) for up to 48 h. Five healthy cattle were used in the study. A total of 15 blood samples collected from the animals were allocated into three groups, which were, respectively, then stored in a refrigerator adjusted to +4 degrees C (Group I, n=5), at a room temperature of about 22 degrees C (Group II, n=5) and in an incubator adjusted to 37 degrees C (Group III; n=5) for up to 48 h. Blood gas and acid-base values were analysed at 0 (baseline), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h of storage. A significant decrease (p<0.001) was found, in the pH of the refrigerated blood after 5 h and its maximum decrease was recorded at 48 h as 0.04 unit. There were also significant alterations (p<0.001) in the blood pH of the samples stored at room temperature and in the incubator after 2 and 3 h, respectively. The maximum mean alteration in pCO(2) value for Group I was -0.72 kPa during the assessment, while for groups II and III, maximum alterations in pCO(2) were detected as +2.68 and +4.16 kPa, respectively. Mean pO(2) values increased significantly (p<0.001) for Group I after 24 h and for Group II after 6 h, while a significant decrease was recorded for Group III after 24 h (p<0.001). Base excess (BE) and bicarbonate (HCO(3)) fractions decreased significantly for all the groups during the study, compared to their baseline values. In conclusion, acid-base values of the samples stored at 22 and +4 degrees C were found to be within normal range and could be used for clinical purposes for up to 12 and 48 h, respectively, although there were small statistically significant alterations.     

两种早熟禾超氧物歧化酶活性测定的适宜条件

以冷地早熟禾 (Poacrymophila)和草地早熟禾 (P .pratensis)为材料 ,探讨光照反应时间、酶浓度以及酶反应体系等对NBT光化还原反应的影响。随着光照反应时间的延长 ,最大光还原值直线上升。 2 5min后光化还原值逐渐趋于稳定。光照反应开始后 ,酶液对NBT光化还原反应速率的抑制百分率迅速升高 ,在 15～ 2 5min时 ,酶液对NBT光化还原反应的抑制百分率保持稳定 ,2 5min后下降速率较大。光照反应时间对SOD酶活性测定的影响较大 ,确定为 2 5min较为适宜。酶浓度在 4 0～ 6 0mg/mL时光化还原值变化速率较一致。测定中反应体系NBT、核黄素的加样量以及光照强度在一定范围内时光化还原值较为稳定     

Effects of 2 concentrations of sodium citrate on coagulation test results, von Willebrand factor concentration, and platelet function in dogs

BACKGROUND: Blood collection tubes containing 3.2% (0.109 M) sodium citrate, instead of 3.8% (0.129 M) sodium citrate, have recently become available in the United States. These tubes are visually indistinguishable from the traditional 3.8% sodium citrate tubes, except for wording on the label. Consequently, samples for hemostatic evaluation are frequently collected in tubes containing the lower concentration of sodium citrate. HYPOTHESIS: Results of hemostasis assays are different in samples collected in 3.2% versus 3.8% sodium citrate. ANIMALS: Twenty healthy dogs. METHODS: This study aimed at determining whether results of standard coagulation tests, von Willebrand factor concentration (vWF:Ag), and platelet function with the platelet function analyzer PFA-100a were affected by the different concentrations of sodium citrate. Blood samples were collected in tubes containing either 3.2% or 3.8% sodium citrate concentrations and processed routinely for coagulation assays (one-stage prothrombin time [OSPT], activated partial thromboplastin time [aPTT], fibrinogen concentration, and platelet count), vWF:Ag, and platelet function assays with a PFA-100. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between samples collected in 3.2% versus those collected in 3.8% sodium citrate for OSPT, aPTT, fibrinogen concentration, platelet count, or vWF:Ag. The closure times with collagen/adenosine diphosphate were significantly shorter (66 +/- 8.1 versus 74.8 +/- 9.7 seconds; P < .0001) with the 3.2% than with 3.8% sodium citrate concentration, and the hematocrit was significantly higher (47.9 +/- 5.6 versus 46.0 +/- 4.7 seconds; P = .03) in samples collected in 3.2% than in those collected in 3.8% sodium citrate. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: There is no clinically relevant effect of collection of blood into 3.2% or 3.8% sodium citrate.     

不同施肥时期及施肥量对草地早熟禾生长发育特性的影响

研究了不同施肥时期及施肥量对草地早熟禾生长发育特性的影响。研究表明：返青期加强施肥有利于草地早熟禾的生长,同时,可显著提高植株密度以及千物质的积累量。     

Clenbuterol诱导载酯蛋白D在猪脂肪组织中表达加强

Clenbuterol(CLB,盐酸克伦特罗),俗称瘦肉精。由于其在动物体内广泛残留,可能导致食用此类产品的人中毒而被禁止使用,但已有研究表明该制剂可显著减少猪脂肪沉积,因此,对其分子机制进行深入研究将具有重要的理论与实践价值。本研究通过对家猪饲喂高剂量clenbuterol(≥1.5mg/kg体重),提高瘦肉率10%左右。通过实时荧光定量PCR技术对脂肪组织中与脂类代谢密切相关的4个基因研究发现,饲喂clenbuterol的猪脂肪组织内载酯蛋白D(apolipoprotein D,apoD)mRNA丰度增加超过2倍,而脂蛋白酯酶(lipoprotein lipase,lpl)、硬酯酰辅酶A去饱和酶(stearoyl-CoA desaturase,scd)和激素敏感脂酶(hormone sensitive lipase,hsl)mRNA丰度变化不明显。因此,推断clenbuterol通过改变部分脂代谢关键基因的表达来实现减少脂肪积累。载酯蛋白D可能是CLB应答基因之一。     

结肠小袋纤毛虫体外培养特性的初步观察

目的观察结肠小袋纤毛虫（Balantidium coli）在体外培养条件下的生长情况。方法取粪样分别置于4℃～8℃冰箱,28℃和37℃恒温培养箱中,观察记录虫体数量,统计不同温度条件下滋养体生存时间。28℃恒温条件下,将粪液加入不同稀释液（蒸馏水、生理盐水及洛克氏液）中,观察滋养体的活力及数量;采用同样的观察方法,统计滋养体在双相培养基以及免血水培养基内的生存时间。在28℃和37℃恒温条件下,分别观察滋乔体在RSS培养液（Ringer液＋血清＋米粉）及不加米粉的RSS培养液内的生存时间。结果结肠小袋纤毛虫滋养体在体外的最适生存温度为28℃,在洛克氏夜中生存时间明显长于生理盐水和蒸馏水,在RSS培养基及双相培养基中可在培养24h时达到高峰。在含有诺氟沙星的兔血水培养基中,滋养体的数量可在培养后96h达到高峰,生存时间可达到180h。结论结肠小袋纤毛虫体外培养受很多因素的影响,有待于进一步研究。