基于行驶车速的车辆防撞时间预警算法

针对一般车辆碰撞时间(time to collision,TTC)算法预警阈值固定造成车辆低速行驶中出现预警过早及高速行驶出现预警不及时的问题,该文提出一种基于行驶车速的车辆防撞时间预警方法。行驶车辆通过车载设备实时获取自车与他车的状态信息,根据车辆状态信息建立高斯平面坐标系获取车辆位置坐标,对车辆可能发生的碰撞进行分类处理,依据车辆行驶速度设定相应的安全防撞时间,然后将车辆发生碰撞需要的时间与安全防撞时间进行比较,存在碰撞危险则通过预警显示提醒驾驶员。试验结果表明:该方法预警准确率达88.89%,而一般TTC固定阈值方法则预警过早率达81.48%,预警过晚率达70.37%,故该方法对进行车辆危险预警更有效,更符合实际车辆防撞情形,提高了车辆行驶的安全性,可为车辆的及时预警提供参考。     

基于四元联系数原理的北京市郊安达木河生态评价

以北京市郊安达木河为研究对象,通过调查河流的生态特征、水文特征、地貌特征以及景观娱乐功能,在综合指数分析法的基础上,将集对分析的确定与不确定系统引入综合评价中,从相同、偏同差异、偏反差异、相异4个方面进行了分析,同时采用时间尺度和空间尺度相结合并着重从时间尺度上对评价结果进行分析。结果表明,近年来,安达木河局部河段生态环境遭到破坏,加强河流生态环境的治理,寻找农村垃圾合理有效的处理方式,减少不必要的人类活动对河流生态的影响,以及在发展旅游业和河流生态整治方面寻找平衡点,将成为下一步河流生态整治的重点内容。     

基于OFDM-MIMO移动通信模型的采摘机器人设计

为了提高果树采摘机器人的智能化和自动化水平,提高机器人的实时通信和在线控制能力,实现机器人作业过程的远程控制,在采摘机器人通信系统中引入了OFDM-MIMO模型,并将移动4G技术应用到了机器人的设计中,突破了机器人控制距离限制,实现了机器人的跨区域无线通信。机器人采用视觉传感器和4G网络采集并传输图像,图像数据可以在远程浏览器端实时显示,便于掌握机器人作业信息。当机器人碰撞传感器发出信号时,可以利用OFDM-MIMO信道模型进行图像的高效传输,并将视觉传感器采集的图像信息传送给远程控制端,在采摘出现失误时可以及时地调整机器人的状态,实现果实采摘的在线控制。同时,设计了机器人的实验样机,并对机器人的果实定位能力和通信能力进行了实验和仿真。实验和仿真结果表明:该种机器人可以有效地识别普通果实和套袋果实,并且通信实验测试和仿真测试的结果吻合,从而验证了结果的可靠性及OFDMMIMO模型在采摘机器人通信系统中的可行性。     

天气变化情形下基于动态时间窗的收获机应急调度技术

在小麦收获时期,若遇到天气变化,小麦可收获时间窗会发生改变,若还按原调度方案,将造成大量农田延迟收获,从而给农户带来损失。为避免或降低因天气变化给农户带来损失,本文考虑天气变化导致的农田收获时间窗变动的应急调度问题。基于天气变化导致的农田可作业时间窗实际缩短的情况,综合考虑收获机转移时间、提前到达等待时间和延迟时间,建立因天气变化导致的时间窗变动的收获机多目标应急调度模型,引入农田收获应急度函数,确定应急农田,将可作业时间窗和下雨时间有交集的农田重新根据应急度排序进行优先调度。针对此模型特点对遗传算法进行改进,设计基于改进遗传算法的收获机应急调度算法,采用两级多段编码方式及单点交叉方式,使算法可以有效避免局部最优,能够很好地实现全局收敛。通过动态改变原收获机收获路线,为应急农田优先提供收获服务,从而提高农机合作社服务能力,减少农户损失。实例仿真结果证明了模型和算法的可行性。     

基于大涡模拟的射流自吸式离心泵非定常流动分析

为了研究射流自吸式离心泵的非定常流动特性,选取内置射流喷嘴的自吸式离心泵作为研究对象,在定常数值计算的基础上采用大涡模拟技术对其进行了非定常数值求解,获得了全流场的流动信息,以第4圈收敛后的流场为例,分析了1个周期内不同时刻下的流场变化规律,并监测射流器内监测点的压力脉动,通过快速傅里叶变换(FFT)分析了监测点的频域特性.结果表明:在1个旋转周期内低压区始终位于射流器直线段,高压区位于泵腔内;靠近叶轮进口位置监测点的压力脉动值要小于靠近喷嘴附近的值;设计工况下,各个监测点的压力脉动最强频率在290.06 Hz附近,监测点的数值模拟主频与理论计算所得的转频与叶频略有偏差,压力脉动集中在fn~3f_n区间的低频区域.     

The Method of Diagnosing Brain-dysfunction Based on Membership Function and BP Neural Network

Membership functions.formed with the characteristic values obtained by applying the continuous reaction time (CRT) theory from controls and heptic encephalopthy and proposedin this paper.whith these membership functions,the CRT data to be diagnosed are calculated in advance,and then discriminated by BP meural network to differentiate patients with or without braindysfunction.The troubles of low accuracy and efficiency,encountered in training BP network withfuzzy samples.scattered data and extended samples,are solved.     

A stability analysis of time to flowering as a screen for responsiveness to temperature and photoperiod in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)

Summary Twenty-one genotypes of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), comprising landraces and varieties, were grown in 22 photothermal environments in Nigeria and Niger, West Africa, and a stability analysis of days from sowing to flowering (f) was carried out. Cowpeas are rarely insensitive to photoperiod; they are typically quantitative shortday plants wherein f is delayed when photoperiod (P) is longer than the critical photoperiod (P _c ). Therefore, in order to quantify genotypic variation in temperature sensitivity, genotype f was regressed against the mean trial f in circumstances where P c (i.e. approximately 13 hd^-1) and mean temperature (T) was between 19° and 28° C. Correspondingly, in order to assess genotypic variation in photoperiod sensitivity, trials where T was near optimal (25°–28° C) but where P ranged from 10–14.5 hd^-1 were used. These stability analyses detected no significant differences (P>0.05) between genotypes 9n temperature sensitivity but revealed significant differences (P<0.001) in photoperiod sensitivity. Regression coefficients from the stability analysis were strongly correlated (r=0.94, 19df) with a photoperiod sensitivity constant, c, determined from a photothermal flowering model. A stability analysis of f from field trials can therefore identify and quantify genotypic variation in response to temperature and photoperiod in cowpea.Abbreviations f days from sowing to flowering - P mean photoperiod - P _c critical photoperiod - P _ce ceiling photoperiod - T mean temperature - T _b base temperature - T _o optimum temperature - SDP short-day plant     

Phenological development in spring cereals: response to temperature and photoperiod under northern conditions

Phenological development of spring cereals was investigated using observations from several sites in Finland during the period 1970–1990. Different mathematical models which relate temperature to development rate were examined to predict the duration of phenological phases. A photoperiodic response of plant development before heading was also tested. For all phases the relationship between temperature and development was approximately linear. There was no significant response of plant development to photoperiod. This was explained by consistently long photoperiods in the observational material. Parameters for a linear model were derived from a regression analysis of mean development rate of each phase against mean temperature. However, a different response may occur under higher or lower temperatures or under shorter photoperiods than those experienced here.     

Effects of Water Deficit on the Dynamics of Flowering and Fruit Production in Capsicum chinense Jacq in a Tropical Semiarid Region of Venezuela

The degree of crop sensitivity to water deficit, during the different developmental stages of a plant, is an important aspect to consider in tropical semiarid regions. The effect of water deficit on flowering dynamics and fruit production of sweet pepper (Capsicum chinense) was evaluated under several water regimes, during three consecutive years. A complete randomized block design with three replicates was employed. Flowering dynamics and fruit production were measured weekly, and water potentials were obtained twice during the experiments. For all years, flowering began at approximately 70 days after transplanting. In the most favourable year (trial 1996), there were no differences in total flower and fruit production in terms of irrigation frequency. For the other less favourable years, flowering and fruit production were significantly different between irrigation frequencies. Our results show that low water availability, prior to flowering, reduces the number of flowers produced and retards the occurrence of maximum flowering. On the other hand, a water deficit during the period between flowering and fruit development reduces final fruit production. This suggests that a water deficit during this last stage affects final yield to a greater extent.     

转Bt基因棉中棉所30不同开花期棉铃发育及产量构成因素的研究

转 Bt基因棉中棉所 30第 I期 (1 998年 7月2 5～ 2 6日开花 )棉铃花后 1 0 d的体积和单铃重分别较轮回亲本中棉所 1 6增加 8.57%和 1 1 .88% ,表明其库强度较高 ;而第 II期 (8月 3～ 5日开花 )和第 III期 (8月 1 2～ 1 4日开花 )棉铃的早期 (铃龄 1 0 d前 )及各期棉铃的中后期 (铃龄 1 0 d后 )体积和单铃重均低于中棉所 1 6,并且其瘪子数随开花期推延快速增加 ,反映了该品种源器官供应能力的不足。中棉所 30棉铃纤维对同化产物的竞争力较强 ,每饱子纤维数、每饱子皮棉重、每铃皮棉重和衣分基本上极显著或显著高于中棉所 1 6,而铃壳和种子的物质积累减少 ,铃壳比例、饱子数、饱子重和子指降低 ,瘪子数上升