三元复合驱采油污水对水丝蚓DNA损伤的影响

[目的]研究三元复合驱采油污水对水生动物基因的毒性效应。[方法]以霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilu hoffmeisteri)为受试生物,以浓度分别为12%、36%、24%和44%的采油污水稀释液为供试污染物,采用碱性单细胞凝胶电泳实验,以尾长(TL)、头部DNA含量(HeadDNA)和尾部DNA含量(Tail DNA)为指标检测不同浓度采油污水对水丝蚓DNA的损伤程度。[结果]三元复合驱采油污水会引起水丝蚓体细胞DNA损失,暴露组中受试生物的头部DNA含量与对照组相比均显著减少(P<0.05),尾长和尾部DNA含量均显著升高(P<0.05),随着采油污水浓度的增加,DNA损伤表现出明显的"剂量-效应"关系。[结论]该研究表明三元复合驱采油污水对水丝蚓具有基因毒性效应,可能对油田生态环境产生严重影响。     

洪涝胁迫对水稻磷及钾营养的影响

为探索洪涝胁迫造成水稻减产的生现机抽穗期设置续以杂交稻威优４６为材料,采用３因素５水平正交组合设计,研究了不同淹水处理对稻株内磷,钾含量及其与水稻产量关系的影响。     

Differential ability of alcohol fermentation between the seeds of flooding-tolerant and flooding-susceptible varieties of Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.

Seed germination and respiratory metabolism under aerobic and anaerobic conditions were studied in the flooding-tolerant and flooding-susceptible varieties of Echinochloa crus-galli with an identical genome and common ancestry . In the flooding-tolerant E. crus-galli var. formosensis , the seeds imbibed under nitrogen could germinate and exhibited an I/N quotient > 0.6. They accelerated glycolysis and concomitantly produced large and equimolar quantities of carbon dioxide and ethanol, suggesting that the seeds of this variety showed operation of the Pasteur effect and respired through alcohol fermentation under anaerobic conditions. The seeds excreted most of the toxic fermentation product. In contrast, the seeds of the flooding-susceptible E. crus-galli var. praticola were capable of germinating only under aerobic conditions through the conventional aerobic respiration and were unable to anaerobically respire to germinate through alcohol fermentation regardless of the presence of both sufficient alcohol dehydrogenase activity and a high redox charge of the pyridine nucleotides.     

霍林河流域洪水径流演变规律及驱动机制研究

霍林河是松嫩平原西部地区科尔沁、向海和查干湖湿地的重要补给水源,其洪泛作用对流域洪泛区环境系统的景观维系起着决定作用。选取流域3个代表测站近50年来的年最大洪峰流量序列,分析流域洪水径流演变的规律及驱动机制,包括自然和人为干扰两方面,可以为流域防洪减灾及洪水资源化利用提供理论依据。霍林河洪水以雨洪型为主,洪水多发于降雨...     

淹水条件下改良剂对苏打盐化草甸土的洗盐效应

为明确改良剂在苏打盐化草甸土不同深度土层的改良效果,采用室内淋溶土柱的试验方法,设置S0、S1、S2、S3、S4和S5(每个土柱横截面积0.0113 m~2)分别施用改良剂0.00、0.01、0.05、0.10、0.50 g和1.00 g,折合成公顷用量分别为0.0、8.9、44.3、88.5、442.5 kg·hm~(-2)和885.1 kg·hm~(-2))6个处理,分析淹水条件下不同改良剂用量对苏打盐化草甸土的洗盐效应。结果表明,与未施改良剂处理(S0)相比,S3、S4和S5处理显著降低不同土层(0～30cm)土壤容重(降幅3.88%～8.87%)、增加土壤孔隙度(增幅3.82%～9.38%)、降低土壤pH值(降幅2.36%～8.05%);S2、S3、S4和S5处理显著提高20～40 cm土壤水分入渗量,增幅55.9%～294.6%(P0.05);施用改良剂处理交换性Na~+含量在0～10 cm和10～20 cm土层显著降低,降幅4.84%～56.5%(P0.05),20～30 cm和30～40 cm土层中增幅1.09%～17.1%;S3、S4和S5处理0～10 cm土层电导率显著降低,降幅49.0%～60.4%(P0.05),20～40 cm土层显著增加,增幅3.68%～19.8%(P0.05);S2、S3、S4、S5处理10～20 cm土层碳酸根含量显著降低,降幅5.98%～23.4%(P0.05),S3、S4、S5处理0～30 cm土层碳酸氢根含量降幅1.49%～18.0%;S2、S3、S4和S5处理显著提高0～30 cm≥0.25 mm水稳性团聚体,增幅达16.4%～161.7%(P0.05);S3、S4和S5处理0～30 cm土层MWD显著增加,增幅达5.78%～161.7%(P0.05)。针对本次供试土壤盐渍化程度,综合改良效果及改良剂施用量,改良剂适宜用量为每个土柱0.10 g(88.5 kg·hm~(-2))(S3处理),可达到最优淋洗效果。     

Exploring the impact of green space health on runoff reduction using NDVI

This study examines the impact of green space health on local flooding based on the analysis of eighty-two watersheds in four Texas metropolitan statistical areas: Dallas, Houston, San Antonio, and Austin. The runoff records in October 2007 and October 2012 were selected for the assessment. The study met the methodological challenge posed by comparison by using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) datasets produced based on the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery of the 250-m resolution as a proxy to represent the health of green space. Two linear regression models were employed to explain the variation in mean daily runoff depth in 2007 and 2012, while controlling multiple contextual variables.Results indicate that watersheds containing healthier green spaces were likely to generate lower amounts of runoff in both periods. Standardized coefficients of green space health also show that the NDVI is a powerful and significant predictor to explain variation in runoff. These findings illustrate the important role of urban green spaces in attenuating local flooding and may provide planners and decision-makers with a method to consider, using this kind of objective greenery index in further developing local and regional green infrastructure and land-use plans.     

油藏数值模拟技术在调剖堵水中的应用

在全面认识双河油田北块Ⅳ4层系地质特征的基础上,采用数值模拟方法对该区块的水驱开发动态进行了历史拟合。在注交联聚合物油藏数值模拟研究中以正交设计方法和模糊综合评判优化设计方法为手段,分析了各参数的敏感性,并优化出了措施井的调剖剂用量。实施调剖措施后出现了明显的增油降水效果。     

沼液淹没土壤抑制根结线虫及对土壤线虫群落的影响

为探索沼液抑制根结线虫的效果,本研究通过盆栽试验,以番茄为试供作物,对比了种植前沼液淹没土壤(BSS)、种植期间浇灌沼液(BS)和加热(HE)3种方法对根结线虫的防控效果。结果表明,与不采取任何措施的对照(CK)处理相比, BSS处理抑制根结线虫效果最为明显,防效高达97.1%,根结指数分别比HE和BS处理降低96.9%和92.9%。HE处理尽管在处理土壤后显著降低了根结线虫数量,但在最后破坏性取样时(结束试验)出现反弹,根结线虫数量甚至高于CK处理。对于土壤线虫群落,CK处理中以植食性线虫为主(81.8%);两个沼液处理中食细菌线虫占优势(平均78.3%),且其中的杂食捕食性线虫在土壤前处理后消失,在试验结束时又重新出现,但所占比例依然非常低。沼液淹水方式的高效防控效果揭示了利用沼液防控根结线虫的关键期在于线虫入侵到植物根部之前的幼虫期。然而,在盆栽系统中,沼液淹水的方式也对作物生长表现出了一定的抑制趋势。高量沼液施用防控病害的同时引发的植物毒害作用以及环境污染风险,需要进一步开展田间研究。     

厄尔尼诺和大气环流异常与1998年洞庭湖区洪涝的关系

分析了厄尔尼诺与湖南洞庭硝区洪涝的统计相关和西太平洋副热带高压（简称副高）与１９９８年洞庭湖区洪涝的关系。结果表明,在厄尔尼诺次年洞庭湖区域出现洪涝的频率较大,副高 形成１９９８年洞庭湖区洪涝的重要原因。     

棉花不同生育期淹水历时对其生长状况和产量构成的影响

通过桶栽土培试验,分别在苗期(S)、蕾期(B)、花铃期(F)和吐絮期(T)进行淹水2、4、6、8、10 d的处理,淹水深度均为5 cm,并以全生育期不淹水为对照(CK),探索了黄淮地区夏季棉花不同生育期淹水历时对其生长状况和产量构成的影响。结果表明,在棉花苗期、蕾期和花铃期淹水6 d后,株高和叶面积开始显著小于CK(P0.05)。不同生育期淹水处理均会导致棉花株高、叶面积、果枝数、节数、铃数和单铃质量的下降,且淹水历时越长,下降幅度越大。淹水导致棉花减产最为严重的生育期为花铃期,其余依次为蕾期、苗期和吐絮期,4个生育期在淹水2~10 d条件下的平均减产率分别为28.0%、12.9%、7.3%和2.9%。在棉花苗期,当淹水不超过6 d时,如果排涝及时,其形态指标及产量构成均能在吐絮期恢复至与CK无显著差异水平。在棉花蕾期淹水关键期为4 d,而在花铃期即使淹水2 d也可导致其形态发育停滞,产量无法恢复至CK水平。