Adaptive planting design and management framework for urban climate change adaptation and mitigation

Implementing measures to adapt and mitigate climate change effects in cities has been considered increasingly urgent since the quality of life, health, and well-being of urban residents is threatened by this change. Novel communities of plant species that emerge and thrive in the harsh conditions of cities may represent a promising opportunity to address climate change adaptation and mitigation through the planting design and management of urban green spaces. The objective of this study is to develop an adaptive planting design and management framework. The proposed framework is grounded on previous adaptive approaches and focuses on the opportunities emerging from novel plant communities in urban conditions. The framework comprises three main steps (1 – Climate change assessment, 2 – Plant species database, and 3 – Planting design and management procedure). A proposal on how the framework could be tested was developed for the city of Porto, Portugal. Still, the application of the framework can also be adjusted to other urban contexts, offering a starting point for experimentation and assessment of plants’ adaptation and mitigation capacities through design and management. As lack of knowledge and uncertainty about climate change limits global capacity to implement robust adaptation and mitigation strategies, building knowledge in an adaptive way and context-specific locations will be of paramount interest to tackle climate change in cities.     

不同调理剂对农田镉污染稳定效果及水稻吸收的影响

采集浙江杭州郊区富春江沿岸镉(Cd)污染水稻土，选择前期试验筛选的对土壤Cd钝化效果良好、可显著降低稻米Cd的4种调理剂，开展室内培养试验和温室盆栽试验，探讨不同调理剂种类(袁梦YM、祝天峰ZTF、天象一号TX1、永清YQ)、用量(推荐用量、3倍推荐用量)和调理剂与生石灰配施对污染水稻土Cd的稳定效果及对水稻生长和糙米Cd含量的影响。室内培养试验结果发现，添加调理剂能使土壤pH显著升高，落干条件下土壤pH增幅较淹水条件下更为明显；施用推荐用量调理剂，土壤硝酸铵提取态Cd显著下降，调理剂推荐用量+生石灰处理较调理剂推荐用量处理下降更为显著；总体上，同一调理剂3倍推荐用量处理下硝酸铵提取态Cd降幅更大，表明硝酸铵提取态Cd受土壤pH影响显著，且YM、TX1调理剂对硝酸铵提取态Cd的降低效果较好。盆栽试验结果显示，施用石灰和商品调理剂均可实现水稻稳产或增产，并显著降低水稻糙米Cd含量，与调理剂施用后土壤Cd有效性降低相一致。含钙、能调节土壤pH并辅以有机质和养分的复合调理剂因兼具养分作用，对水稻稳产增产、糙米Cd含量降低更为有效。     

小豆根系对水分胁迫的生理响应及S3307的缓解效应

为探究幼苗期淹水胁迫及喷施烯效唑（ S3307）对小豆（ Vigna angularis）根系生理代谢和产量的影响，以龙小豆4号和天津红为材料，盆栽条件下，苗期预喷施S3307，然后进行连续淹水5 d处理，测定淹水后小豆根系活性氧物质的积累、膜脂过氧化程度、抗氧化酶活性及小豆产量。结果表明，幼苗期淹水胁迫引起小豆根系H₂O₂和丙二醛（malonaldehyde，MDA）、脯氨酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量显著提高，超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase，SOD）、过氧化物酶（peroxidase，POD）和过氧化氢酶（catalase，CAT）活性显著提高；淹水胁迫3~5 d导致龙小豆4号单盆产量显著降低4.77%~8.40%，天津红单盆产量显著降低5.59%~9.91%。喷施S3307具有抵御淹水胁迫的作用，能有效增加小豆根系脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量，显著降低H₂O₂和MDA含量，显著提高SOD、POD和CAT活性并降低SOD/CAT比值。喷施S3307使淹水4 d的龙小豆4号产量显著提高2.85%，使天津红产量显著提高5.29%。综上，淹水胁迫下，不同品种小豆根系在活性氧物质积累、膜质过氧化、抗氧化酶活性以及渗透调节等方面的生理响应存在显著差异；喷施S3307能够有效缓解淹水胁迫对小豆生理和产量的影响，为进一步研究小豆苗期抵御淹水胁迫的生理机制及提高淹水胁迫下小豆产量提供理论依据。