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1.
吕昌河 《干旱区资源与环境》1998,12(1):1-6
本文以月降水距平为指标,根据黄河流域典型台站40年的降水资料,对黄河流域旱涝灾害的时空分布特征进行了分析,并进行了区域划分。 相似文献
2.
The secretion of O2 by rice roots results in aerobic conditions in the rhizoshere compared to the bulk flooded soil. The effect of this phenomenon on the adsorption/desorption behavior and on the availability of phosphorus (P) in a flooded soil was investigated in a model experiment. An experimental set‐up was developed that imitates both O2 release and P uptake by the rice root. The results showed that O2 secretion significantly reduced P adsorption/retention and increased P desorption/release in the “rhizosphere” soil, compared to the anaerobic bulk soil. The P uptake by an anion exchange resin from both unfertilized and P‐amended soil was significantly increased. The results confirm that the O2 secretion is an important mechanism to enhance P availability and P uptake of rice under flooded conditions, where the “physico‐chemical” availability of P in the anaerobic bulk soil is strongly reduced. The decrease of P availability in the P‐amended flooded bulk soil was mainly associated with the almost complete transformation of the precedingly enriched Al‐P fraction into Fe‐bound P with extremely low desorption/release characteristics during the subsequent flooding. 相似文献
3.
为探讨咸-淡水交替淋洗改良滨海盐土效果和节水潜力,通过土柱模拟试验,对咸-淡水交替淋洗下土壤溶液电导率变化、淋出液矿化度变化、淋洗用水量等进行了研究。结果表明,咸-淡水交替淋洗模式咸水(矿化度5.35 g L-1)淋洗阶段,当100 cm深土体底部开始有淋出液时,距土表40 cm深处土壤溶液电导率下降已非常明显,而距土表80 cm、100 cm深处土壤由于盐分的聚积而电导率较高;咸水持续淋洗下40 cm深处土壤电导率始终缓慢下降,而80 cm、100 cm深处土壤电导率变化历经较快、快速、缓慢下降三个过程。咸-淡水交替淋洗模式淡水淋洗阶段,前期不同深度处土壤溶液电导率基本保持稳定;随着淋洗水量的增加,由土表向下不同深度位置土壤溶液电导率先后经过快速下降和缓慢下降两个过程。咸-淡水交替淋洗模式咸水淋洗阶段,淋出液矿化度变化经过快速、较快、缓慢下降三个过程,直至下降到7.32 g L-1。淡水替换咸水继续淋洗下,前期淋出液矿化度保持稳定,当淡水淋洗水量增加到7 L(27.49 cm水层)时淋出液矿化度开始下降。咸-淡水交替淋洗模式咸水、淡水淋洗阶段结束后100 cm深土体土壤平均含盐量从初始的23.92 g Kg-1下降到5.92 g Kg-1和1.46 g Kg-1,咸、淡水淋洗水量分别为21.45 L和14.85 L,与对照淡水淋洗模式比较咸-淡水交替淋洗模式淡水节约率为25.38%。咸-淡水交替淋洗模式改良滨海盐土效果较好,且节水潜力较高,但相应需要更长的淋洗改良时间。 相似文献
4.
In marginal, agroclimatic zones, yield is often affected by flooding, but the effect is much less for winter spelt (Triticum spelta L.) than for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). This study evaluates the reaction of a wheat x spelt population (F5 RILs of Forno x Oberkulmer) to flooding stress in the early phase of germination. Lines with greater tolerance to 48 h flooding
just after imbibition showed less electrolyte leakage (r = -0.79) indicating greater membrane integrity and better survival.
Five QTL explaining 40.6% of the phenotypic variance for survival to flooding were found, and localized on the chromosomes
2B, 3B,5A, and 7S. The tolerance to 48 h flooding four days after sowing was best correlated with the mean germination time
(r = 0.8), indicating that the plants with a fast coleoptile growth during flooding are less susceptible to flooding. Ten
QTL were found for seedling growth index after flooding explaining 35.5% of the phenotypic variance. They were localized on
chromosomes 2A, 2B, 2D, 3A, 4B, 5A, 5B, 6A, and 7S. Standard varieties of spelt and wheat showed the same tolerance characteristics.
The possibility to use marker assisted selection for flooding tolerance is discussed.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
6.
Marit Jørgensen Torfinn Torp Jørgen Alexander Barosen Mølmann 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2020,206(2):242-251
Precipitation has generally increased in Norway during the last century, and climate projections indicate a further increase. The growing season has also become longer with higher temperatures, particularly in autumn. Previous studies have shown negative effects of high temperatures and, depending upon temperature conditions, contrasting effects of waterlogging on hardening capacity of timothy. We studied effects of waterlogging on seedlings of timothy (Phleum pratense, cv. Noreng) under three pre-acclimation temperatures: 3°C, 7°C, 12°C, and in autumn natural light in a phytotron at Holt, Tromsø (69°N). After temperature treatments, all plants were cold acclimated at 2°C for three weeks under continued waterlogging treatments. Freezing tolerance was determined by intact plants being frozen in pots at incremental temperature decreases in a programmable freezer. Waterlogging resulted in a higher probability of death after freezing, and a significantly reduced regrowth after three weeks at 18°C, 24 hrs light in a greenhouse. Increasing pre-acclimation temperatures also had a clear negative effect on freezing tolerance, but there was no interaction between temperatures and waterlogging. The results indicate that waterlogging may have negative implications for hardening of timothy and may contribute to reduced winter survival under the projected increase in autumn temperatures and precipitation. 相似文献
7.
对5种不同淹水时间类型滩地1~10年生杨树单株材积生长动态进行了分析.结果表明:不同类型之间单株材积生长量均存在显著差异,且随着林龄增长,其差异逐步减小;不同淹水胁迫下,当年年轮宽度、纤维细胞数量、木材基本密度均存在显著差异,纤维长度和宽度差异不显著;杨树年轮宽度与径向纤维细胞数、导管数、径向纤维比量呈正相关;随淹水胁迫程度加深,当年形成层细胞分裂受到了显著抑制,纤维细胞以及导管数量减少,林木径向生长量下降,径向导管比量提高,纤维比量下降,细胞壁腔比减小,木材密度明显降低.对5种淹水类型滩地的林木生长进行了系统聚类,合并划分为4种生长类型,对其中3种常规造林宜林类型杨树生长潜力进行了预测. 相似文献
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10.
为探索沼液抑制根结线虫的效果,本研究通过盆栽试验,以番茄为试供作物,对比了种植前沼液淹没土壤(BSS)、种植期间浇灌沼液(BS)和加热(HE)3种方法对根结线虫的防控效果。结果表明,与不采取任何措施的对照(CK)处理相比, BSS处理抑制根结线虫效果最为明显,防效高达97.1%,根结指数分别比HE和BS处理降低96.9%和92.9%。HE处理尽管在处理土壤后显著降低了根结线虫数量,但在最后破坏性取样时(结束试验)出现反弹,根结线虫数量甚至高于CK处理。对于土壤线虫群落,CK处理中以植食性线虫为主(81.8%);两个沼液处理中食细菌线虫占优势(平均78.3%),且其中的杂食捕食性线虫在土壤前处理后消失,在试验结束时又重新出现,但所占比例依然非常低。沼液淹水方式的高效防控效果揭示了利用沼液防控根结线虫的关键期在于线虫入侵到植物根部之前的幼虫期。然而,在盆栽系统中,沼液淹水的方式也对作物生长表现出了一定的抑制趋势。高量沼液施用防控病害的同时引发的植物毒害作用以及环境污染风险,需要进一步开展田间研究。 相似文献