ACQUISITION HARDWARE FOR DIGITAL IMAGING

Use of digital radiography is growing rapidly in veterinary medicine. Two basic digital imaging systems are available, computed radiography (CR) and direct digital radiography (DDR). Computed radiographic detectors use a two-step process for image capture and processing. Image capture is by X-ray sensitive phosphors in the image plate. The image plate reader transforms the latent phosphor image to light photons that are converted to an analog electrical signal. An analog to digital converter is used to digitize the electrical signal before computer analysis. Direct digital detectors provide digital data by direct readout after image capture—a reader unnecessary. Types of DDR detectors are flat panel detectors and charge coupled device (CCD) detectors. Flat panel detectors are composed of layers of semiconductors for image capture with transistor and microscopic circuitry embedded in a pixel array. Direct converting flat panel detectors convert incident X-rays directly into electrical charges. Indirect detectors convert X-rays to visible light, then to electrical charges. All flat panel detectors send a digitized electrical signal to a computer using a direct link. Charge coupled device detectors have a small chip similar to those used in digital cameras. A scintillator first converts X-rays to a light signal that is minified by an optical system before reaching the chip. The chip sends a digital signal directly to a computer. Both CR and DDR provide quality diagnostic images. CR is a mature technology while DDR is an emerging technology.     

橡胶树死皮病黄色体差异表达蛋白的初步分析

橡胶树"死皮病"给橡胶种植业带来严重的危害.为了更好地了解和阐明死皮病发生、发展的分子机制,研究应用双向凝胶电泳技术(two-dimensional gel electrophshiya/oresis,2-DE)比较橡胶树死皮株与健康株胶乳黄色体蛋白质组表达的差异.采用TCA/丙酮沉淀法提取橡胶树死皮株与健康株黄色体蛋白质并采用固相pH梯度(immobjlized pH graalient,IPG)双向凝胶电泳分离两种材料蛋白质,凝胶经银染显色后,用PDQuest图像分析软件进行比较分析、识别差异表达的蛋白质.成功获得橡胶树死皮株与健康株胶乳黄色体的双向凝胶电泳图谱.鉴定出13个蛋白差异点,其中10个上调表达,3个下调表达.并应用质谱技术鉴定了其中部分表达差异的蛋白质点,对渗调蛋白进行功能分析,认为渗调蛋白在死皮株中表现下调的情形可能与死皮病的发生有一定的关系.     

我国人造板工业现状与发展趋势

人造板工业是找国林业的支柱产业之一,它的发展对调整林业产业的产品结构,合理利用森林资源,满足国民经济建设对林产品的不同需求,发挥着不可替代的作用。特别是改革开放以来,我国人造板工业发展很快,人造板总产量仅低于美国,跃居世界第二位。在今后的１０来年内,我国人造协工业的发展趋势主要是：人造板工业企业向规模化、集团化和股份制方向发展;继续调整产品结构,发展人造板新品种,提高产品附加值和档次;加强行业管理和骨干企业建设,增加科技投入,提高综合实力和竞争能力;加强国际合作,扩大国际贸易等等,以促进人造板工业的持续、健康发展。     

杂交稻低播量精准条播育秧机插提高群体均匀度和产量的效应分析

[目的]明确杂交稻低播种量下精准条播(precision drill sowing,PS)育秧提高机插群体均匀度和产量的效应,创建杂交稻毯苗稀播少本机插理论与技术.[方法]选用籼粳杂交稻甬优1540为供试品种,在余杭区崇化村和富阳区中国水稻研究所试验基地开展试验.以传统撒播(broadcast sowing,BS)育秧...     

Modelling of common European cockle <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cerastoderma edule</Emphasis> fishing grounds aimed at sustainable management of traditional harvesting

In the Bay of Saint-Brieuc, a 3,110-ha tidal bay in NW France, English Channel, the cockle Cerastoderma edule has been collected by traditional fishing methods for many decades without any evaluation or management of this resource taking place. Since 2001, the National Natural Reserve of the bay of Saint-Brieuc has carried out an evaluation of the stock and a mapping of the cockle fishing grounds each year. Analysis of the spatial structure of the population is approached by cartography through interpolation of the data using the kriging method. The recruitment zones are geographically quite well defined and located in areas limited to the mean-tide zone. The distribution of the population was affected by passive displacement of juvenile cockles. Evaluation using the matrix of individual numbers for each age group found the inter-annual mortality rates to be about 60%. Somatic production was estimated and expressed in ash-free dry weight. The average annual production ranged from 7.4 to 14.5 g/m2. In the autumn of 2006, the minimum legal fishing size changed from 30 to 27 mm (corresponding to individuals aged about 2.5 years). The model developed shows that this change has led to a doubling of the fishable stock.     

Cause and Consequence in Maize Planting Dates in Germany

An important part of agricultural adaptation is the timing of crop sowing dates, affecting yields and the level of risk incurred during a particular season. Cold stress is especially relevant in maize, Zea mays L., so that the timing of planting in the spring is a tactical response to short‐term weather, but is also subject to strategic planning with regard to longer‐term climate. Both factors compare the potential implications of cold stress to the additional yield obtainable through earlier planting. New cultivars suited to growing conditions in Europe and generally increasing spring temperatures have enabled earlier planting, but it is still dependent on short‐term weather during the planting period. In the context of field‐level decision‐making, a panel regression is used to estimate the relationship between weekly local temperature and precipitation and planting dates at specific sites throughout Germany. Next, localised weather data and planting behaviour are linked to yields at the district (Landkreis) level to show the effects of planting date on yield. Based on these relationships optimal planting dates are explored with some associated costs and benefits. Results show a trend towards earlier planting that follows observed increasing spring temperatures and the availability of more cold‐tolerant cultivars but this advance is buffered by the increasing severity of minimum temperatures during a critical period. Earlier planting potentially increases yield but this is offset by additional management costs and risk. A robust and simple depiction of farmer behaviour in climatic, technological and economic context can help to understand trends in crop management and productivity that effect agricultural landscapes.     

橡胶健康树与5级死皮树5种内源激素的特征分析

[目的]探讨橡胶健康树与5级死皮树5种内源激素,生长素(IAA)、脱落酸(ABA)、赤霉素(GA3)、玉米素(ZR)、细胞分裂素(iPAs)的特征。[方法]选择不同地方[海南省儋州市五队(无性系)与十一队(有性系)],对相对橡胶健康树与5级死皮树内源激素IAA、ABA、GA3i、PAs、ZR进行测定分析。[结果]健康树与死皮树胶乳内同一激素含量差异不显著,但存在一种变化趋势。这种趋势是,在有性系样树中,激素含量的变化幅度是ZR>IAA>GA3>ABA>iPAs;在无性系样树中,激素含量变化幅度是ZR>GA3>ABA>iPAs>IAA。有性系橡胶植株胶乳内某些植物激素已经随死皮发生了显著的改变,但无性系植株则没有显著的差异。[结论]该研究对如何解决橡胶树死皮问题具有借鉴意义。     

我国食用菌产业发展现状及产业升级路径分析

对我国食用菌产业发展现状进行梳理,指出我国食用菌行业主要存在的问题不仅是开发规模小、科技含量低,而且品种质量参差不齐、销售渠道不畅、食用菌产品存在滞销等。构建面板数据模型探究影响我国食用菌产业升级的主要影响因素,结果表明,食用菌年度生产总量、食用菌行业从业人员总数、出口贸易总额、固定资产投资、居民消费支出水平与食用菌产业结构升级之间为显著的正相关关系,基于此提出了助力我国食用菌产业升级的政策。     

脱皮激素对木薯蚕吐平板丝的影响

本在脱皮激素对木薯蚕吐平板丝的影响方面进行了探讨。脱皮激素在合适的浓度范围内对木薯蚕吐平板丝的生理活动有一定的影响,可减少蔟中爬动,缩短吐丝时间,并可提高吐丝量。这些影响是有利用价值的。因而脱皮激素在木薯蚕吐平板丝的应用上值得进一步探讨。     

基于感官评价及GC-MS结合OPLS-DA分析热杀菌对蟠桃汁呈香品质的影响

【目的】 通过解析热杀菌对蟠桃汁呈香物质的影响,结合多元统计模型探究热杀菌过程中蟠桃汁风味品质劣变主要靶点因素,为高品质蟠桃汁风味品质的调控提供理论基础。【方法】 以新疆4种主要的蟠桃品种（‘早露蟠’（ZLP）、‘早蟠’（ZP）、‘瑞蟠1号’（RP1）、‘瑞蟠18号’（RP18））为试材制备果汁样本,在85℃条件下加热处理30 min。利用电子鼻、描述性感官评价及GC-MS分析分别对其热杀菌前后样本的电子鼻响应值、感官特性及香气组成进行分析,在此基础上结合正交偏最小二乘法判别分析（OPLS-DA）模型中VIP值筛选蟠桃汁热杀菌前后标志性差异物。【结果】 描述性感官评价及电子鼻结果表明,4个品种蟠桃鲜汁香气虽存在差异但均呈现较高的清香、桃香、花香及果香,而热杀菌对蟠桃汁香气品质的影响极大,主要表现为清香显著下降,同时甜香、异味及蒸煮味突显。蟠桃汁的香气组成主要为酯类、内酯类、醛类、醇类、酮类、烯烃类及呋喃类物质;热杀菌后醛类（己醛、(E)-2-己烯醛）、酯类（乙酸乙酯、乙酸己酯）及萜烯类物质（柠檬烯）含量显著下降,而具有不良气味属性的物质（戊醛、α-松油醇、β-大马士酮等）显著增加。由OPLS-DA模型中的S-Plot图及VIP值筛选到可区分鲜汁与热杀菌样本的10种标志性差异物,包括醛类、酯类、萜烯类3大种类物质及(E)-2-己烯醛、己醛、乙酸乙酯、苯甲醛、柠檬烯、乙酸己酯、乙酸叶醇酯7种挥发性物质,该结果验证了感官评价及GC-MS分析的准确性。【结论】 热杀菌导致蟠桃汁清香感丧失严重且产生异味及蒸煮味;己醛、(E)-2-己烯醛、苯甲醛、乙酸乙酯、乙酸己酯、柠檬烯、乙酸叶醇酯7种挥发性物质含量的下降及不良属性物质如戊醛及β-大马士酮的生成是导致热杀菌蟠桃汁清香感丧失、异味及蒸煮味产生的关键因素;基于电子鼻分析、感官评价及GC-MS检测结合PCA/OPLS-DA多元统计分析方法可以准确评价热杀菌对蟠桃汁香气轮廓的影响并追踪热杀菌蟠桃汁风味品质劣变的关键靶点因子,研究结果为后续深入探究蟠桃汁风味品质劣变机制提供了参考。