不同覆盖方式对土壤肥力和马铃薯产量的影响

为了研究不同覆盖方式对土壤物理特性、有效养分以及马铃薯产量的影响,以早大白马铃薯为试验材料,设置常规露地（对照）和普通聚乙烯地膜、生物可降解膜、稻草3种覆盖方式,比较了不同时期土壤含水率、pH值、养分含量以及产量。结果表明：稻草覆盖保水效果最佳;生物可降解膜覆盖、稻草覆盖在马铃薯生长后期可提高土壤肥力,以生物可降解膜覆盖尤为明显,成熟期几乎所有速效养分指标均高于其他处理,与对照相比,土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量分别高出7.49 g/kg、23.00 mg/kg、11.0 mg/kg、26.0 mg/kg。综合成本效益,除了稻草覆盖由于小薯多而效益比对照降低22.2%外,普通聚乙烯地膜覆盖和生物可降解膜覆盖比对照效益分别提高29.7%和24.2%。总之,普通聚乙烯地膜和生物可降解膜均可提高马铃薯产量和效益,但生物可降解地膜覆盖还可以改善土壤养分状况,减少环境污染,更具有推广价值。     

An analysis of the persistence and potency of film‐coated seed protectant as influenced by various storage parameters

BACKGROUND: An efficient delivery system for seed‐protectant chemicals is needed in light of several disadvantages of conventional seed treatment methods. This study evaluates the efficacy of film‐coat application in maintaining the persistence and potency of imidacloprid on Lycopersicon esculentum (L.) Mill. seeds after simultaneous storage under ambient and regulated environment in paper and aluminium packages. RESULTS: High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed 0.135 mg kg^?1 of herbage material to be the threshold value beyond which absolute control was obtained, and with film coating the latter was achieved even with half‐dosage seed treatment, irrespective of the storage condition. The technique provided early protection to the crop and also nullified the deleterious effects of ambient storage on the persistence and potency of the pesticide. CONCLUSION: Film coating enabled superior pesticide dosage as well as higher biological efficacy to be achieved. Hence, in addition to being an ecofriendly alternative, the technique would be a more economically viable option for storage of treated seeds. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

柠条枝条覆盖对宁夏荒漠草原土壤水热及补播牧草生物量的影响

干旱是影响宁夏东部沙化区荒漠草地退化的主要自然因素,也是天然草地补播成功率低的主要原因,该地区大面积种植的柠条是土壤覆盖保水的丰富资源,但是缺乏相关研究.选择平坦的、未生长柠条的退化天然补播草地作为研究对象,在临近有柠条生长的草地平茬其柠条枝条用于试验覆盖,研究不同柠条覆盖厚度(TSM0,覆盖0 cm;TSM1,覆盖1...     

拱棚双插架覆膜一体机的设计与试验

为适应部分地区蔬菜水果拱棚种植模式,解决传统小拱棚手工搭建劳动强度大且效率低的问题,该研究设计了一款小拱棚单列双插架覆膜一体机,主要由自动进杆装置、双插架装置、覆膜装置及行进装置组成,设定插架间距与插架数量等工作参数,小拱棚单列双插架覆膜一体机实现自动进杆、双插架和覆膜一体化作业。以进杆成功率和进杆时间为衡量自动进杆作业指标,以拨轮半径、杆槽高度、顺杆板长度为试验因素,对进杆过程中的棚杆受力和运动状态进行分析和计算,确定试验因素的范围,并进行仿真试验确定最佳进杆装置结构参数。田间试验表明：小拱棚单列双插架覆膜一体机以最大速度1.2 km/h作业时,进杆成功率为94.1%,插架成功率为89.3%,拱棚覆膜率为100%,薄膜破损率为1.1%,平均插架间距为1 190 mm,平均插架宽度为1 050 mm,平均插架深度为200 mm,两侧插架深度平均偏差为30 mm,平均覆土厚度为80 m。小拱棚单列双插架覆膜一体机可实现小拱棚搭建的机械化和自动化作业,满足小拱棚插架覆膜要求。     

微灌地膜的节水保墒增温效应研究

在实验基础上 ,分析论述了微灌地膜的节水效果和增温保墒效应。试验结果表明 ,微灌地膜可比地面灌溉节水 61 % ,增加地温 3℃～ 6℃ ,近地面空气相对湿度提高 3 0 %～ 40 % ,综合效应明显。可供微灌地膜或膜下微灌的进一步研究设计参考     

Analysis on Micro-structure of TiN Thin Film and Polyimide with AFM

The study in molecular morphology is given with a highresolution Atomic Force Microscope AFM.IPC-208B.By taking TiN thim film prepared by magnerton sputtering method and polymide(PI) fibre for examples,the preferenthal growing plme of TiN thin film,the atomic arranges of TiN thin film on the preferential growing plme and the surficial micro-structure can be ascertained form the three-dimensional images obtamed by AFM.IPC-208B.These experiments not only identify small structures of the materials,but also affirm that AFM.IPC-208B holds the precision of atomic level and potential application in micro-structure field,at the same time it establishs the groundwork for the application in micro-process kingdom.     

ELLIPSOMETRIC SPECTROSCOPY OF ELECTROCHROMISM OF POLYANILINE FILMS

The electrochromism of polyaniline films, which is prepared by electropolymer-ization from aniline in acidic aqueous solution onto platinum,is investigated in 330-700nm through in-situ ellipsometric technique. The results indicate that the ellipsometric peak of the reduced state(-0. 2V) of the film appears at 390-400nm and the oxidized state(0. 55V) at 500-530nm. The elec-trochromic reaction from the reduced "yellow" state to the oxidized "green" state is suggested via intermediate state whose ellipsometric peak appears at 466-470nm.     

残膜回收工艺和收膜机构

介绍了田间残膜的特性及机械化收膜工艺、残膜同收机中常用收膜机构的种类及工作特性，为残膜回收机的研究设计及主要工作部件结构的优化组合提供参考。     

表面油流法显示螺旋离心泵内部流动的研究

对螺旋离心泵叶轮、进水节和进水节与蜗壳交界处的部分端面做了表面油膜、油点试验。通过流谱分析，揭示了表面奇点、分离线与再附着线等流动特征，研究了螺旋离心泵内部流动规律，进而提出了改进螺旋离心泵结构的设想。