Root biomass and distribution of five agroforestry tree species

Knowledge of the quantitative assessment and structural development of root systems is essential to improve and optimize productivity of agroforestry systems. Studies on root biomass recovery by sieves of different mesh sizes (2.0, 1.0, 0.5 and 0.25 mm) and root distribution for four-year-old individuals of five agroforestry tree species viz.; Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth, Azadirachta indica A. Juss, Bauhinia variegata L., Bombax ceiba L. and Wendlandia exserta Roxb. were conducted at the research farm of Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar, India. The results indicated that the 0.5 mm sieve was adequate for recovery of the majority of roots. All the tree species exhibited a large variation in root depth and horizontal root spread four years after planting. The maximum root depth was recorded in W. exserta (2.10 m) and minimum in B. variegata (1.00 m). Horizontal root spread was 2.05 m in B. ceiba and 8.05 m in A. auriculiformis. Root spread exceeded crown cover for all species. The primary roots were more horizontal than the secondary roots. The length and diameter of the main root were highest in A. indica (108.3 cm) and B. ceiba (23.2 cm), respectively. Highest length and diameter of lateral roots were recorded in B. variegata (201.6 cm) and A. indica (1.8 cm), respectively. Total root biomass among different species accounted for 18.2–37.9% of the total tree biomass. Results of this study infer that although all the species have potential to conserve moisture and improve fertility status of the soil, A. auriculiformis is the most effective for promoting soil fertility. The deep rooted W. exserta and A. auriculiformis will be preferred for cultivation under agroforestry systems and could reduce competition for nutrients and moisture with crops by pumping from deeper layers of soil.     

马尾松飞播林土壤肥力研究

湖南省马尾松飞播林林地土壤肥力低下是制约其林分生长和发育的重要因素.通过土壤养分主成分分析,对马尾松飞播林土壤肥力级别进行了排序和分类,在此基础上,运用方差分析和灰色关联分析对土壤养分含量和土壤肥力水平进行了分析和评价.将湖南省马尾松飞播林地土壤肥力分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类,全K、全N,微量元素Zn、Fe,以及土壤有机质含量在各肥力级别土壤中均存在显著差异,Ca、Mg、全P在各类土壤中的含量相差不大,全P在土壤中的含量极低,同时研究结果也表明,林分所处立地条件越好,土壤肥力水平就越高,这为马尾松飞播林林分施肥提供了科学依据.     

云南橡胶园土壤

论述云南橡胶园土壤形成的过程和特点,橡胶园人工生态系统的建立保持了森林型物质能量循环,科学的抚育管理保证了橡胶园土壤肥力在满足胶树高产、稳产的基础上保持相对稳定、平衡。     

黄土高原油松刺槐人工林对土壤肥力影响的研究

研究了黄土高原油松、刺槐人工林对土壤的培肥效应，结果表明：油松、刺槐人工林能显著提高土壤肥力水平，降低土壤ＰＨ，１８龄油松１．２ｍ＾２及３３龄刺槐１．６ｍ＾２根区土壤断面的有机质，全氮、有效氮、有效钾、ＣＥＣ均值无林对照分别提高５７．８％、６８．６％、１０９．３％、２８．９％、５４．５％及７４．３％，１２３．６％、２８５．３％、４２．４％、６３．７％，ｐＨ降低１４．４％及２．９％，油松，刺槐林对土     

毛竹纯林长期经营对林地土壤肥力的影响

对竹木混交林和改为毛竹纯林处于不同经营时期的林地土壤肥力变化进行了调查分析。研究结果表明，竹木混交林土壤的自然肥力均高于相近地段上相同立地条件的毛竹纯林。毛竹纯林随经营的期延长，其土壤的自然肥力呈下降趋势，这是毛竹纯林的生长特性和经营方式决定的。     

Cytological and genetical studies on male sterility inCryptomeria japonica D. Don

Genetic male sterility is a useful trait in plant breeding, especially in angiosperm crops such as corn, onion and carrot. We found a male sterile sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) tree in Toyama, Japan. Pollen of sugi is one of the major causes of pollinosis in Japan. We carried out this research in an attempt to make clear the characteristics and inheritance of this male sterility. Microsporogenesis of the male sterile tree proceeded meiosis, however, the microspores collapsed after they were separated from pollen tetrads in locules, resulting in complete male sterility. Most likely, ethylene evolution was responsible for male sterility expression. Full seed setting in the male sterile tree indicated normal macrosporogenesis. Seeds obtained from crossing between male sterile and normal lines showed relatively high level of germination and their seedlings grew vigorously. The somatic chromosome numbers of 241 germinated seeds, derived from the male sterile tree, were mostly 22, euploid. These results indicated that male sterile tree was different from other similar previously reported trees with low pollen fertility, resulting from triploid or trisomics. Probably, male sterility in sugi is either nuclear genetic male sterility or cytoplasmic male sterility. The study was partially supported by Program for Promotion of Basic Research Actives for Innovative Biosciences.     

砂质土肥力状况及其与毛白杨生长关系的研究

对黄河故道冲积砂质上的肥力状况和毛白杨生长因子之间的关系进行了研究，着重分析了土壤养分和水分在土体中的分布规律，及其与土壤质地的关系，以及不同生长季节毛白杨的叶片营养特征和树高、胸径生长量与砂质土水分、养分含量的相关性。结果表明：砂质土肥力低下；土壤质地、养分和水分变化状况与树木生长关系密切，尤其是土壤粘粒、水分和氮素含量与毛白杨生长呈明显的正和关。故可通过施肥、灌水、改善土壤保水保肥特性来调整和控制林木生长。     

马尾松林下栽植胡枝子对土壤肥力的影响

对马尾松林下栽植胡枝子的培肥效果进行了试验研究。结果表明：２ａ生直播造林的胡枝子平均高度达７５．８ｃｍ,平均基径３．４ｍｍ,５ａ生生物量高达４３９５．５１ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,土壤分析表明,在０￣４０ｃｍ土层中,林下栽植胡枝子的土壤有机质,全氮,全磷,水解氮,速效磷,速效钾等比马尾松林分别增加３８．２８％、２６．７５％、２０．４１％,２５．３３％,１７．８４％和２２．６６％;土壤微生物数量比纯林高３０．     

湖南省森林公益效能的经济评价Ⅱ森林的固土保肥、改良土壤和净化大气效益

对湖南省森林的固土保肥、改良土壤和净化大气效益进行了计量评估,结果表明由于对森林的保护,每年,湖南省少流失的土壤234.37×10