Ecological migration effects on the Tianchi Scenic Area in Xinjiang: from the perspective of migrant farmer families

As an important approach for relieving conflicts between ecosystems and human activities in the Tianchi Scenic Area,Xinjiang of China,an ecological migration policy was implemented,aiming to improve the regional ecological environment.The case of resettlement was closely related to the smooth implementation of the migration project.Based on the questionnaires and farmer family interviews,both changes in the ecological envi-ronment and the living conditions of migrant farmer families in the Tianchi Scenic Area were investigated in this study.The objectives were to assess the benefits of the ecological migration policy and to analyze the effects of ecological migration on migrant farmer families.The results showed that (1) awareness of the need for ecological environmental protection and the types of migrant families had a great influence on the willingness to migration;(2) since the implementation of the ecological migration project,the ecological environment in the Tianchi Scenic Area had improved significantly,particularly in terms of returning farmland to forestry,while pressures on grassland had also been relieved to some extent;(3) the major income sources and occupations of the migrant farmer families changed,the range of their income sources declined,and their per capita incomes decreased at different degrees;and (4) nearly half of the farmer families were not satisfied with the living environment of new settlements and the decline in the quality of life had significant influences on the attitudes of migrants.In order to ensure the successful implementation of an ecological migration project,it is essential to enhance farmer awareness of needs for ecological environmental protection,and to solve resettlement problems properly.     

甘肃叶蜂新记录科属及中国新记录属名录(膜翅目:广腰亚目)

通过多年的系统调查和分类研究,发现记录甘肃叶蜂4总科9科124属494种,其中2种甘肃新记录科:项蜂科Xiphydriidae、广蜂科Megalodontesidae;3种中国新记录属:皱顶项蜂属Platyxiphydria Takeuchi、纹潜叶蜂属Kaliofenusa Viereck和狭刻叶蜂属Dimorphoperyx Ashmead,75甘肃新记录属.编制了甘肃叶蜂分科检索表.     

The prolactin family and pregnancy-dependent adaptations

The prolactin gene family represents species‐specific expansions of hormones/cytokines contributing to the regulation of pregnancy‐dependent adaptations. In this review, we discuss the prolactin family expansion in the mouse and rat, its linkage with viviparity and its potential role in regulating adaptations to physiological stressors.     

木荷优良家系和优良单株初步选择

通过对设置在福建省建瓯市东峰镇、房道镇两地5 a生5个重复130个家系的木荷优树自由授粉家系试验林的调查,研究其胸径、树高、冠幅、通直度、一级分枝、最大分枝角度、枝下高、最大分枝粗、分叉干数、分叉干高度等家系差异,并依据方差分析结果进行速生优质家系和优良单株选择。结果显示:木荷家系生长存在显著或极显著变异,其中以单株材积的家系变异最大,通直度差异不显著。以试验林总体平均胸径、平均树高、平均通直度为选择标准,初选出32个优良家系,同时,初选出平均单株材积大于0.005 9 m3、平均通直度大于3的最优家系7个,进而在最优家系内选择单株材积达到0.012 0 m3以上、主干无分叉、通直度3以上,而且冠幅基本在2 m以下、最大分支角度基本在65°以下的优良单株19株。     

尾叶桉种源─家系生长与抗风性选择

对尾叶桉11个种源174个家系2 3年生试验林的生长与抗风性进行了测定,结果表明:尾叶桉种源间、家系间、区组间的差异以及种源与区组、家系与区组的交互作用均极显著。台风对尾叶桉的危害主要表现在造成风折,占整个试验林木的22 5%。尾叶桉种源 家系的生长性状与其抗风性能呈显著的负相关;通过对174个家系的生长和抗风性的综合指数选择,初步选出了32个适合粤西生长的既抗风、生长又快的家系。     

马尾松杂交组合生长及产脂力早期评价

2001年在信宜林科所营建了马尾松99个杂交组合测定试验林。试验结果表明:马尾松杂交组合间树高、胸径、材积和产脂差异呈极显著水平,组合间具有较大的选择潜力。根据聚类分析划出3种类型组合,即高脂型(Ⅰ)、中脂速生型(Ⅱ)、中脂型(Ⅲ)。高脂型(Ⅰ)为优良类型的组合,占总数的28.7%。文章还估计了材积和产脂量2个性状与母本对比的杂种优势,选出了前30名的组合。     

大菱鲆不同进口群体杂交后代的早期生长差异

2003-2005年间,分5批收集不同批次进口的大菱鲆群体,从各群体中挑选性腺发育良好的个体,利用人工授精技术,通过不平衡巢式交配设计,构建了5种杂交组合,测试其杂交子一代生长性能,为培育优良的大菱鲆养殖新品种提供基础资料.5个杂交组合共生产31个家系,在初孵仔鱼第25天和第80天,从每个家系随机取样50尾,测定其体长、体重等性状值,计算各杂交组合和家系25～80 d的绝对增重率,通过方差分析、聚类分析比较各组合、家系间的生长性能的差异,并对不同家系25 d和80 d的体长体重相关性进行了分析.结果表明:杂交组合25 d、80 d体重性状间存在较大变异,80 d体重LSD多重比较显示丹麦与法国进口群体的杂交组合(D×F)子一代生长优于其它杂交组合.系统聚类分析表明,丹麦×智利(D×C)组合与丹麦×法国(D×F)组合生长性能较为接近聚为一类,丹麦×西班牙(D×S)组合、丹麦×英国(D×E)组合和英国×西班牙(E×S)3个组合聚为一类,且前者的生长速度高于后者.家系间生长性能聚类分析表明,生长速度最快的家系分布在不同的杂交组合,80 d体重的组合内家系间方差分析也表明组合内家系间存在较大变异.组合间和家系间生长分析发现大部分组合和家系在25 d和80 d的体长、体重性状值排序上不一致.家系相关分析表明,25 d体长、体重与80 d体长、体重间相关系数(0.132、0.096)和决定系数(0.017、0.009)均较小,25 d体长体重对80 d体长体重的影响甚微.     

Accuracy of within‐ and among‐family genomic prediction in triticale

Genomic prediction has emerged as a powerful genomic tool to assist breeding of complex traits. In this study, we employed a population of 647 triticale doubled haploid lines derived from four families to assess the potential of this approach for triticale breeding. All lines were phenotyped for grain yield, thousand‐kernel weight, biomass yield, plant height, frost tolerance and Fusarium head blight resistance. The obtained prediction accuracies were moderate to high and consisted to varying degrees of within‐ and among‐family variance, in line with the different degrees of phenotypic differences between family means. The prediction accuracy within individual families also varied with the genetic complexity of the traits and was generally highest based on effect estimation with lines from the respective family, whereas the prediction accuracy decreased with decreasing relatedness among the families. Taken together, our results illustrate the potential of genomic prediction to increase selection gain in triticale breeding, but the composition of the training set is of utmost importance, and consequently, the implementation of this approach in applied breeding programmes is not straightforward.     

野生荔枝半同胞家系果实性状遗传变异分析及遗传参数估算

以26个野生荔10号荔枝自然杂交子代半同胞单株为材料,分析其果实性状的遗传变异和估测其遗传参数,以期弄清野生荔枝的遗传规律和在酿酒品种培育中的可行性提供依据。结果表明,果实的表型性状（果实形状、果肩形状、果皮颜色、龟裂片形状、裂片峰形状）变异范围广,均分离出3~5个不同类型;除果皮颜色外,其余性状亲本性状遗传更加顽固;呈母本性状占比数依次为果肩形状(55.56%)>果实形状(44.44%)>龟裂片形状(40.74%)>裂片峰形状(29.63%)>果皮颜色(14.81%)。品质性状家系间具有极显著差异（P<0.01）,变异系数由大到小依次为单果重(28.44%)>果皮厚度(17.48%)>果肉厚度(15.44%)>可食率(12.21%)>可溶性固形物含量(8.8%)>果形指数(5.59%);遗传力由大到小依次为单果重(0.9992)>可食率(0.9987)>可溶性固形物含量(0.9753)>果形指数(0.9733)>果肉厚度(0.9663)>果皮厚度(0.9585);遗传增益由大到小依次为单果重(87.74%)>果肉厚度(48.32%)>果皮厚度(30.16%)>可食率(17.96%)>可溶性固形物含量(14.37%)>果形指数(-4.77%)。单果重在变异系数、遗传力、遗传增益3项指标值均最高,表现出突出的遗传变异、遗传力和遗传增益效果,表明该性状受较强的遗传控制,且后代的选择余地较大。筛选出9个特异单株：8个单株入选高可溶性固形物含量(≥18.5%)特异单株,1个单株入选高可食率(≥80%)特异单株,改良效果好。     

马尾松半同胞子代材性遗传变异分析

以贵州省都匀种子园子代测定林的28个半同胞家系的木材样品为材料进行子代测定,研究其基本密度和纤维长和宽等材质性状以及灰分、1%Na OH抽提物、纤维素、综纤维、木质素等5种木材化学组分的遗传变异规律。结果表明:化学组分中除木质素含量外,其他平均值均高于对照组。灰分含量和木质素含量在家系间差异极显著。化学组分中除木质素和灰分外,1%Na OH抽提物、纤维素、综纤维的遗传力均在0.1801~0.2931之间,均小于0.5,说明其均受中等强度以下的遗传控制。通过对半同胞家系主要材性性状聚类分析,选择出8个优良的纸浆材家系。