北京农村家庭生活能源消费分析

【目的】为了改善城乡的生态环境和能源供应,研究北京城郊农村家庭的生活能源消费情况和影响因素。【方法】运用描述统计方法分析了调研数据。【结果】电力、煤炭和燃气等商品能源为主要消费对象,煤炭占到生活能源消费的50%以上;秸秆和薪柴等生物质能源的消费量大大减少;太阳能、沼气等新型能源的消费较少。当收入水平和能源获取条件变得更好时,城郊农村家庭就会更多消费便捷和清洁的能源。【结论】城郊农村家庭生活能源消费的这一趋势,对生态环境和能源供应造成新的压力。政府应通过制定政策鼓励能源的清洁化使用,鼓励开发太阳能、无污染生物质能源等可再生能源。     

娄底市草坪杂草种类、分布及危害

为探究娄底市草坪杂草种类、分布及危害状况,通过野外调查、查阅植物标本信息和文献资料,应用统计方法分析重要值等指标,确定娄底市草坪常见杂草有68种,隶属28科58属,以菊科、禾本科、伞形科为优势科;一年蓬(Erigeron annuus)、看麦娘(Alopecurus aequalis)、白茅(Imperata cylindrica)等13种杂草为杂草优势种,应列为主要防控对象。本研究为娄底市草坪杂草的防控与综合利用提供了重要资料,也可为其他地区杂草的类似研究参考。     

澳洲坚果品种‘HAES951’为母本的杂交试验

以澳洲坚果品种‘HAES951’为母本,采用9个品种的花粉授粉,获得9个全同胞家系苗木。观测各组合的坐果率、种子横径和杂交F1代苗木的株高、地径及冠幅。结果表明:组合间的坐果率和种子横径均达极显著差异(P0.01);家系内株高、地径、冠幅的变异系数范围在13.67%~30.25%,平均为20.81%。9个全同胞家系间苗木的株高、地径差异不显著,冠幅达显著差异(P0.05)。     

桉树杂交种生长及抗风性状的遗传分析和选择

为了筛选出优良家系及单株,为桉树良种改良提供优质的遗传材料,对27月生30个桉树杂种家系试验林的生长和抗风能力进行分析和遗传评估.结果表明:试验林的树高(H)、胸径(D)、材积(V)、抗风指数(WR)在家系水平上、家系×重复交互作用水平上均存在极显著的差异(P＜0.01),在家系水平上4个性状均受到较高程度的遗传控制,单株水平上H、D、V3个性状受到较高强度的遗传控制,而WR受到较弱程度的遗传控制.遗传相关分析表明H、D、V、WR4个性状两两之间都呈极显著正相关(P＜0.01),其中,在生长性状中,D与V之间的相关关系最为密切;在抗风能力方面,WR与D之间的相关关系最为密切.通过构建性状选择指数方程,按照选择标准选出8个优良家系,39个优良单株,入选率分别为26.67％、5.65％.其中优良家系的遗传增益在H、D、V和WR上分别达到了8.24％、9.99％、25.24％和3.76％,优良单株的遗传增益在H、D、V和WR上分别为22.55％、13.45％、105.49％和1.90％.     

兴安落叶松优良家系选择及遗传增益

采用遗传力和遗传增益估算方法,对兴安落叶松子代测定林(25年生)37个家系的树高、胸径、材积进行了分析,结果表明:不同家系间树高、胸径、材积差异显著。选择出树高、胸径大于群体平均值5%以上、材积大于群体平均值15%以上的优良家系为4个;群体中35号为最优家系,其树高大于群体平均值6%,胸径大于群体平均值8%,材积大于群体平均值22%。树高、胸径、材积遗传力分别为0.07、0.26、0.41。若从37个家系中选出2个最好的家系进行有性繁殖后代,生长25a,树高能获得0.5%的遗传增益;胸径能获得2.5%的遗传增益;材积能获得8.7%的遗传增益。     

图们江流域少数民族地区农村家庭能源利用特点

以图们江流域的龙井市勇成村和珲春市光新村作为研究区域,通过入户问卷调查和实地考察相结合的方式,分析边疆少数民族地区农村家庭能源利用的特点.分析结果表明,勇成村和光新村包括薪柴和秸秆在内的一次性生物能利用率分别为70%和89%,包括煤炭和电在内的商品能源的利用率分别为24%和10%.     

杂种落叶松大径材优良家系选择

以材积生长量为主要指标,对27年生杂种落叶松进行优良家系初步选择,并初步探讨了树高、胸径、中央直径及其相互作用对材积生长量的影响,进而找出影响材积生长的主要因子。研究表明,中央直径是影响材积的主要性状,性状对材积的影响依次为中央直径〉胸径〉树高。胸径与中央直径的相关较紧密,而胸径与树高、中央直径与树高的相关不同家系表现各异。     

绒山羊绒毛品质遗传研究进展

绒毛品质不仅影响绒山羊养殖的经济效益,还影响绒毛纺织品的质量。近年来,随着产绒量的提高,绒毛品质有下降趋势,为了提高生产效益,在生产过程中提高绒毛品质势在必行。绒毛品质是绒山羊育种中重要的选择参数,而控制绒毛品质的主要性状是数量性状,通过数量遗传学和分子遗传学寻找控制数量性状的主效基因,从而研究其生长机理和控制绒毛生长的基因的表达机制。作者综述了近年来有关绒毛品质的研究成果,其中包括通过表型选择来提高绒毛品质,且找到控制绒毛品质性状的HOX、BMP、KAP基因和色素基因等,还有寻找控制目标性状相应的QTL和对不同序列的SNPs进行GWAS分析,通过基因型的选择来提高绒毛品质,这些研究为提高绒毛品质奠定了理论基础,也为今后研究绒毛品质的遗传因素提供借鉴。     

QTL identification of kernel composition traits with popcorn using both F2:3 and BC2F2 populations developed from the same cross

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) influencing three main kernel composition traits, starch, protein and oil concentrations, in unselected F_2:3 and selected BC₂F₂ maize populations derived from the same cross of a dent corn inbred Dan232 × an elite popcorn inbred N04 under the same conditions were detected. Four and two QTL for starch, four and three QTL for protein, and four and one QTL for oil were detected in the two populations, respectively, with three QTL jointly detected. The proportion of phenotypic variation explained by a single QTL was 5.2–10.6%, 5.0–14.3%, and 6.2–8.5% for the three traits. Ten QTL had favorable alleles contributed by Dan232. Several QTL detected in this study had identical or similar chromosome regions to those previously identified with other maize germplasms. No QTL with opposite effects for kernel composition traits and popping characteristics were detected in the same or near marker intervals. This reflected that some QTL detected in this study seemed to contribute to trait variation in a diverse array of maize populations and environments, and the opportunity existed for improving popcorn's nutritional quality while maintaining acceptable popping characteristics. Inconsistent broad sense heritability and trait correlation estimates were also observed in the two populations.     

The Genetic Research Progress of Fiber and Wool Quality in Cashmere Goat

Fiber and wool quality not only affects the economic benefits of cashmere goat breeding, but also affects the quality of wool textiles. In recent years, fluff quality has declined with cashmere yield improvement. In order to improve production efficiency, improving fluff quality is imperative in the production process. At the same time, fiber and wool quality is important parameters of selection in breeding of goats. The main traits of controlling the fluff quality are quantitative traits. It can be to find the number of main effect genes by quantitative genetics and molecular genetics and to study its growth mechanism and gene expression. In this review, we summarize the recent achievements of the quality of cashmere, including the use of phenotypic select to improve the quality of the fluff and finding the genetics of controlling the quality of cashmere, for example, HOX,BMP,KAP genes and pigments, and beginning to find the corresponding control target trait QTL and different sequences of SNPs by GWAS analysis to improve the quality by genotype selection, in order to improve the quality of cashmere and provide reference to study the cashmere quality of genetic factors for later research.