非洲猪瘟疫情对生猪产业链上市公司市场价值的影响研究

[目的] 研究旨在应用实证方法分析非洲猪瘟疫情对生猪产业链上市公司市场价值造成的影响,进而得出疫情对生猪产业链上养殖、屠宰、加工、消费等环节利益相关者收益的影响。[方法]采用事件研究法,选取涉及生猪产业链上市公司,按主营业务统计为肉制品加工、养殖、饲料和兽药4种类型的32家相关上市公司,通过设计指标对生猪产业链上市公司股票异常收益率波动进行计算和检验。[结果]研究结果表明：非洲猪瘟疫情事件对生猪养殖行业的影响最大;对兽药行业的影响周期最长;肉制品加工行业的影响程度和周期仅次于兽药行业,对饲料行业的影响最小。[结论] “非洲猪瘟”事件对猪产业链上的饲料、养殖、肉制品加工、兽药类上市公司市场价值存在显著的负面影响。     

梨木虱的发生特点与综合防治

梨木虱个体小,体色与周围环境的颜色基本一致,不容易被发现,防治比较困难,对梨树的危害很大。文章介绍了梨木虱的危害、虫体特征、发生规律以及生活习性,并根据发生规律和生活习性,提出了综合防治措施。     

玉米小斑病重要流行环节的初步定量研究Ⅱ病斑产孢、孢子飞散、杀菌剂筛选

采用室内和田间观察试验,对玉米小班病的重要流行环节——病斑产孢、孢子飞散、杀菌剂筛选进行了研究。结果表明:在饱和湿度下病斑上孢子梗产生较快;保湿10 h病斑很少产孢,25 h后大量产孢,到35 h后产孢基本不再增加;在直射光下病斑不产孢,在散射光下产孢量大于在黑暗条件下产孢量;病斑产孢的适宜温度为20~30℃,最适温度26℃,5℃以下、35℃以上不能产孢。随玉米生育期的推进,单株病斑产孢量有所减少。孢子飞散白天多于夜间。阿米西达、代森锰锌(新万生、大生)、炭疽福美、福美双、百菌清等杀菌剂对玉米小斑病菌毒力较强,而多菌灵、甲基托布津、三唑醇、甲霜灵等药剂基本无效。     

盐城农区甜菜夜蛾的灾变规律与监控新技术研究

从发生世代与年生活史、适生寄主与嗜好程度、暴发频率与为害程度、发生特点与区域分布、生物学特性与生活习性等角度综合分析了盐城农区甜菜夜蛾的灾变规律;研究总结出外来虫源是造成暴发的主要因素之一,种植结构调整有利于该虫的暴发,夏季干旱少雨为暴发创造了气候条件,频繁使用农药导致该虫的抗药性增加,田间管理粗放营造了暴发的环境条件等影响甜菜夜蛾发生消长的主要因素;提出以搞好农业防治为基础,加强预测预报为前提,狠抓化学防治为重点,利用性诱剂、灯光诱杀、人工捕捉为辅助手段,应用“主攻3代,压前控后”的防治策略等本农区甜菜夜蛾监控新技术。     

峦大杉人工林生长规律研究

应用来舟林业试验场24年生的峦大杉与杉木对比试验林为试材,通过样地调查和标准木树干解析探讨峦大杉人工林的生长规律。结果表明:峦大杉树高平均生长量12年生时达到最大值0.96 m·a-1,连年生长量在10年生时达到最大值1.35 m·a-1,峦大杉树高的快速生长时期是造林后12 a内;胸径平均生长变化平缓,呈现逐年增加趋势,连年生长量增速较快,16年生时出现明显高峰值1.45 cm·a-1,且高峰期持续时间较长;材积连年生长量稳步增加,18年生时出现最大值为0.00543 m3·a-1,平均生长量在10年生之前变化平缓,10年生之后变化较大。利用理查德方程拟合峦大杉的树高、胸径、材积的生长过程,分别为:树高H=16.596(1-e-0.13554t)1.8279、胸径D=16078.496(1-e-0.00019t)1.2677、材积V=0.02276(1-e-0.02646t)1.3974拟合效果好,树高、胸径、材积拟合方程的残差平方和分别为0.1782、0.8528、0.0000194。     

Three-dimensional representation of downy mildew development in a spinach crop

The development of downy mildew on spinach (Peronospora farinosa f. sp.spinaciae) was stratified according to leaf layers and represented in three-dimensional computer graphics, in which percentage diseased leaf area was plotted against time for each leaf layer. Distinction was made between a point source and an area source. Inoculations were made at three growth stages of the crop.More information could be gathered on the course of disease development on the upper leaf layers, for the first true leaf pair sporulates longer and more intensively, masking the disease development on the other leaf layers in this way.Samenvatting De ontwikkeling van valse meeldauw op spinazie (Peronospora farinosa f. sp.spinaciae) werd geanalyseerd aan de hand van drie-dimensionale grafische voorstellingen, waarbij percentage ziek bladoppervlak per bladetage werd uitgezet tegen tijd. Onderscheid werd gemaakt tussen de ontwikkeling vanuit een puntbron en vanuit een oppervlaktebron, bij inoculatie in drie groeistadia van het gewas.Het bleek dat hierbij meer informatie kon worden verkregen over het verloop van de ziekte-ontwikkeling op de bovenste bladetages, omdat het eerste echte bladpaar langduriger en heviger sporuleert, en zo de ziekte-ontwikkeling op de overige bladetages maskeert.     

百合枯萎病发生规律及防治研究

百合枯萎病是甘肃省百合产区近年来新发生的一种重要病害。研究证明,百合枯萎病系由尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht.)、串珠镰刀菌(F.moniliform Sheldon)和茄病镰刀菌[F.solani(Mart.)Sacc.]侵染所致。病菌以菌丝体在种球内,或以菌丝体、厚垣袍子及菌核随病残体在土壤中越冬,成为翌年的主要初侵染源。病害的发生与连作、线虫、栽培技术及气候因素等密切相关。多菌灵对此病有显著防治效果。     

Dispersal of Phytophthora nicotianae on tomatoes grown by nutrient film technique in a greenhouse

Tomatoes were grown in a greenhouse by nutrient film technique (NFT). They were inoculated withPhytophthora nicotianae either by direct inoculation of roots or by adding fungal spores to a container with recirculating nutrient solution. In the first case, the resulting epidemic seemed to be polycyclic, in the second case monocyclic. In both cases, inoculum freely circulated through the NFT system and was present in the nutrient solutions for at least 6 days after inoculation.Samenvatting Kastomaten werden gekweekt met behulp van voedingsfilmtechniek. Zij werden geinoculeerd metPhytophthora nicotianae hetzij door directe besmetting van wortels, hetzij door een sporensuspensie toe te voegen aan het voorraadvat met voedingsoplossing. In het eerste geval leek een polycyclische epidemie te volgen. In het tweede geval ontstond een monomcyclische epidemie. In beide gevallen werd schimmelinoculum door het gehele gotensysteem rondgepompt. Inoculum bleef gedurende tenminste 6 dagen na inoculatie aantoonbaar in de voedingsoplossing.     

Epidemiology of beet necrotic yellow vein virus in sugar beet at different initial inoculum levels in the presence or absence of irrigation: Dynamics of inoculum

Using field plots where rhizomania had not previously been detected, different inoculum levels of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) were created by application of infested soil. A susceptible sugar beet cultivar (cv. Regina) was grown for two consecutive years (1988 and 1989), in the presence or absence of drip irrigation. In soil samples taken in spring 1989, the different initial inoculum levels of 1988 could be distinguished using a quantitative bioassay estimating most probable numbers (MPNs) of infective units per 100 g dry soil. The first sugar beet crop resulted in a tenthousandfold multiplication of inoculum of BNYVV (viruliferousPolymyxa betae). Mean MPNs of BNYVV ranged from 0.6 and 7 per 100 g soil for the lowest inoculum level to 630 and 1100 per 100 g for the highest level, in plots without and with irrigation, respectively. In spring 1990, MPNs had again increased. In both years, the initial inoculum level of 1988 had a significant linear effect on log-transformed MPNs of BNYVV determined. Log-transformed MPNs for 1990 and 1989 showed a positive linear correlation, despite a decreasing multiplication ratio at higher inoculum levels. Drip irrigation during one or two years enhanced the increase in MPN of BNYVV, which was reflected by the enhancement of multiplication ratios at all inoculum levels. The totalP. betae population was also higher after growing two irrigated crops than after growing two non-irrigated ones.